Tao Yuanming said that everyone has a different understanding of life.

Tao Yuanming was an official in his early years, and he was famous for his secluded mountains. He has a distinct personality, becoming famous in Jin Dynasty and in Song Dynasty. He has always been regarded as a hermit, and has been seen in the reclusive biographies of Jin Shu, Song Shu and Nan Shi. As the most famous pastoral poet in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, his poems such as Peach Blossom Garden and Drinking Miscellaneous Poems have been sung for people. From the famous sentences such as "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan", "Drunk enough to sleep" and "Going to Gaodong to relax my throat and write poems while clearing the stream", the significance of leisure to hermits can be seen everywhere. However, from the official history, it is difficult to see where these ideas came from. After all, the Book of Jin and the History of Southern Tang Dynasty were written after the Book of Songs, mainly based on the biographies in the Book of Songs, and the author of Song was a good writer decades later, and always admired the articles at that time. Tao Yuanming's literary talent. It is inevitable that there will be some feelings of worship. In fact, the complete recording of Tao's poems in the Biography of Tao Qian in the Song Dynasty also proves this point. Among them, Biography of Mr. May 6th, Return and Life Poems account for most of the length of Biography of Tao Qian, while Tao Qian's specific deeds are much less. Tao Yuanming's great-grandfather Tao Kan was a famous player in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Generally speaking, the Taoist priests in Tao Kan were all poor, so Tao Kan's official career got off to a difficult start, starting from a small official. But a closer look at the Biography of Tao Kan in the Book of Jin shows: "Tao Kan is a scholar and a native of Poyang. Lujiang immigrated to Wu Ping to find Yang. Father Dan, General Wu "successfully promoted General Wu in combination with the most common trilogy system in the Three Kingdoms period. His family has a certain foundation, but naturally it is far less than Wu Jun, Lu and other giants. After the death of Wu, under the rule of Jin, the status of the original family has been greatly reduced, so that even Lu Ji and such a big family have to go to Luo for fame. In contrast, many poor Taoist priests also have the opportunity to win fame, so before Tao Kan became famous [1], there were many records of borrowing people to win fame, giving people the impression that Dow was too lonely. In the early days of the establishment of Si Marui in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many gentry in Jiangdong joined the army, and Tao Kan's nephew Tao Zhen was one of them. "When the emperor saw Tao Zhen, he was very happy. His life became a general and he joined the army." At this time, Taoists appeared as local tycoons. Later, Tao Kan became a ZTE hero who put down the rebellion in Wang Dun. When he died, he reached the high position of "making Jie Jie, Shi Zhong, Qiu, Governor of Jingjiang, Army Department of Eight States of Yining, Secretariat of Two States of Jingjiang, Duke of Changsha". Later, Tao Kan, Wen Qiao, Wang Dao, Xie An and Xie Xuan were respected by the incumbents from Jin to Song. Therefore, after Tao Kan, Taojiayi was regarded as a noble family. On his deathbed, the Taoists in Tao Kan were quite grand. "Kan has seventeen sons, whom Wei Hong, Zhan, Xia, Qi, Qi, Bin, Wei, Fan and Dai have met." At the same time, Tao Kan's younger brother Tao Zhen, as the first follower of Yuan Di, had to accept the appointment. However, although Tao Yuanming's grandfather, Tao Mao, was the son of Tao Kan and a former satrap of Wuchang, his name was not among the nine sons, and he was obviously not a prominent figure among Tao Kan philosophers. Tao Kan's title of Changsha county magistrate and great wealth were successively inherited by Zhan Tao and Xia Tao. Tao Mao's family is just an ordinary stream, inheriting only the influence of the Tao family. Tao's clique mostly lived in Changsha or Jiankang, which was a feudal country at that time, and Tao Mao was the satrap of Wuchang, which was very close to Tao's hometown Xunyang (Xunyang belonged to Wuchang County in the Jin Dynasty, Xunyang County and Wuchang County belonged to Jiangzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty). After Tao Mao, his branch moved back to Chai Sang's hometown in Xunyang and had no contact with Changsha County. In Tao Yuanming's generation, his father's pottery died young, and Tao Yuanming's branch was even more abandoned. On the other hand, Tao Yuanming was influenced by his grandfather Meng Jia when he was a teenager. Meng Jia had a short biography at the end of The Book of Jin Huan Wen Biography, and Tao Yuanming later wrote The Biography of Meng Fujun, which described in detail the deeds of Meng Fujun, a general who went west because of Jin, and the Book of Jin was also derived from it. Meng Jiazi lived for ten thousand years, and after Wu Sikong Meng Zong, he had a certain relationship with the Tao Kan family. So he had to marry Tao Kan's tenth daughter, and the fourth daughter was Tao Yuanming's mother. At that time, Yu Liang and Huan Wen were in charge of Jingzhou and Jiangzhou successively, which was also the most prosperous period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Most of the words and deeds in Shi Shuo Xin Yu happened in this period. Meng Jia had a good reputation in his early years. Later, he became an official under Yu Liang and Huan Wen and was able to make friends with many celebrities at that time. His natural character and literary talent were praised by people at that time, and he was also called a celebrity in Zhongzhou for a while. After his father died young, Tao Yuanming was naturally received. According to the case of Biography of General Meng Fu of Jin Dynasty, Meng Jia died in the long history of Huan Wen at the age of 5 1 year. It is not credible that Jin Shu said that he was 53 years old. Huan Wen died in the first year of Xiaozong Kangning (AD 373), so Meng Jia died around. Tao Yuanming was born in Xingning (AD 365), Emperor Ai of Jin Dynasty, when he was less than ten years old. It is not difficult to speculate that there are not many opportunities for Meng Jia to teach him personally. Meng Jia's deeds should be narrated by his mother and relatives, but they are enough to make Tao Yuanming worship this grandfather. However, after reading Tao Yuanming's behavior and hobbies, his book "The Biography of Meng Fu Jun" is obviously a bit like the grandfather of this celebrity. "Biography of Meng Fu Jun": "(Meng Jia) is good at drinking, but not chaotic." "Good diction" is a true portrayal of Meng Jia, which is more obvious in Tao Yuanming's later period. However, Meng Jia's life is just a small official history, and he left no fortune. At most, he just passed on some elegant things such as books and pianos to Tao Yuanming, and Taoism fell into a real life dilemma with Meng's death. Tao Yuanming's Sparse and Yan Zi: "Less is poor, every family is bad, and things drift." Yan Yanzhi's Preface to Zheng Tao's Poems also said: "There are few poor and sick people, and there are no servants and concubines at home. The well is full of responsibility and thistles are not given." On the other hand, in spiritual life, Tao Yuanming is in a state of contentment. "If I don't learn piano books, I love quiet, and I forget to eat and sleep as soon as I open them." Seeing the trees in the shade, the birds changed their voices and they were happy again. "Drinking": "There are few people, and it is good to swim six classics. "This is probably what happened when he was a teenager. But he also wrote in "Miscellaneous Poems": "When I was young, I was happy without music. I am eager to escape from the four seas. I am in Philip Burkart. "The hardships of the family and the blood of young people are enough to make people pay the price for doing great things. And display negative, can only take the official road. Tao Yuanming didn't get his first official position until he was twenty-nine. It's not too late for Jiangzhou to start serving wine now. The reason is puzzling: Jiangzhou secretariat was monopolized by Huan Wen and Huan Chong for decades before the Battle of Feishui, and together with Jingzhou, it formed the basis for Huan to rule the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The centralized faction of Jiankang centered on Xie 'an tried to recapture Jiangzhou from Huan, but failed [3]. However, this situation was broken after the Battle of Feishui: Huan Chong, the last pillar of the Huan family, died one year after the Battle of Feishui (AD 384), leaving three states of Jing, Jiang and Yu. Xie An made some ingenious arrangements after consideration: "This is taking Huan as Jingzhou. Jingzhou, as the home base of Huan family, can't move. At the same time, Huan Shiqian, who is the most brave and difficult to control, is placed in Yuzhou, the weakest of the three States, while Jiangzhou, which is second only to Jingzhou, has done some tricks-on the surface, Huan She is also surnamed Huan, but it is quite different from Huan Wenshi. Although the two families were fallen into exile, Huan Wen was from Longkang, Huan Yi was from Luoxian, and Huan Wen clan occupied the south county of Jingzhou. Although Huan Yi belonged to Huan Chong before and after his death, in fact, he was very independent, and at the same time he made friends with Xie clan [4]. This is the first step for Xie An to recapture Jiangzhou from Huan Wen. As the grandson of Meng Jiazhi, an old minister of Huan family, Tao Yuanming is naturally regarded as a member of Huan family. He was about 18 years old this year, but he missed the best opportunity to be an official because of Huan Chong's death. Zhenjiang satrap Huan Yi has a long history (this long history should be more than five years and less than ten years, and young people are not enough to be called "tired"; For more than ten years, there will be a fixed number according to the rules, so it is difficult for Tao to be an official during this period. Huan Yi died in office, and then Jiangzhou secretariat, it should be Wang Ningzhi [5], that is, in Wang Ningzhi's office, Tao Yuanming served as Jiangzhou for the first time to offer wine. Wang's son also married Dao Yun, a famous talented woman of Xie's family in history. After Huan Yi, he became the secretariat of Jiangzhou, which undoubtedly showed that the Jiankang regime headed by Xie An officially mastered Jiangzhou, which had been occupied by the upstream warlords for a long time. Wang Ningzhi's personality disappointed Xie Daowen, far less outstanding than Xie An, Xie Xuan and Xie Shi. However, he is not a wretched man, but honest, and his calligraphy and literature are also good. After he took office, he began to woo celebrities and aristocratic families in Jiangzhou. At this time, Tao Yuanming was expensive in the village, which of course attracted the attention of the country. On the other hand, Tao is already in a "pro-poor" predicament in life and has to look for opportunities in his career. It hit it off, and after some recommendation, Tao Yuanming became an official who toasted the country. However, Tao "is unbearable for officials and returns to China in a few days." The country is called the master book, not just. "I worked so hard to become an official, but I quit immediately, which is quite doubtful. The case "Official Records of Song Baishu" [6]: "During the reign of Xiankang, the Jincheng Emperor and Jiangzhou had another wine offering ceremony, ranking above the incumbent. Wine offerings are divided into Cao Bing, thief, warehouse, household, water and armor. "During the Jin Dynasty, the status of each state was different, but in Jiangzhou, the status of offering wine was the most important, and it was also complicated and annoying. Taking Tao Yuanming as the wine supplier showed the reuse of Tao, but Tao Yuanming eventually left because of the complexity of wine supply. Wang Ningzhi realized Tao's mind, and once again recruited him as a relatively easy master book, probably because Tao couldn't let go of this face, so "no" came to an end, and Tao Yuanming's early official career came to an end. Tao Yuanming's family background and his background with his grandfather Meng Jia make the location of his birth a bit awkward. He has a brilliant ancestor Tao Kan, but the glory of his ancestors just doesn't shine on his generation. The ancestors of foreign nationalities had a close relationship with Huan, the highest power center. However, when Tao Yuanming entered the official era, Huan's influence in Jiangzhou declined to the extreme because of Huan Chong's death, which disrupted Tao's original official route. Every time he was only one step away from the peak of his life, he was suddenly knocked down. Such a blow will inevitably make Tao Yuanming gradually lose his normal heart because he is unwilling. On the other hand, the romantic modern people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty gradually ended with the death of Huan Wen, Xie An and other core figures. After losing the decisive figure, the double-headed short-term balance between the Jiankang regime in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Jingzhou forces around the city was broken, and the two sides began to fall into a tug-of-war and suddenly became fierce. As this era went dark, the fate of scholars became more ups and downs, and Tao Yuanming's early career and seclusion were unwilling to fall into the desert. Mixed with the changes of the times, it has aroused colorful waves. With Huan Xuan's adventure and Emperor Wu's road to keep out the cold, Tao Yuanming will once again experience the process of going to the peak of adventure, falling to the bottom of panic and unwilling to die. From this process, we can also get a glimpse of the root of seclusion emotion revealed in Tao Yuanming's poems, so please look forward to the next part: Tao Yuanming's road to political adventure. [1] "Biography of Tao Kan in the Book of Jin": "Poyang Xiaolian Fan Kui tasted Kan, and when he was in a hurry, he was not as good as hospitality. Her mother cut off her hair and grew two moustaches. She was very satisfied with the wine and food, even though her servants had expected it. Go with osmium, and chase after a hundred miles. Wei Xiao said, "Do you want to be an official?" Kan said, "If you want it, you will be trapped in Tianjin." Wei Xiao passed it to Zhang Kui, the satrap of Lujiang, saying it was beautiful. Wei Xiao called Du You, led by Zongyang. [2]' The Book of Jin Tao Kan Biography':' Looking ahead, the word is true, and there are few talents. Experienced the satrap in Guangling, Lujiang and Jianchang counties, and moved away from riding a regular waiter and a pavilion leader. Suffering from the Soviet army, he posthumously awarded Dahongyan and mourned for his son. Take Xia as the heir. He also sent Kan's funeral back to Changsha, Xia and Bin, and said that each had a thousand troops to take pictures. After the dissolution, Bing immediately went to Changsha to learn about the property of the state-owned soldiers. On the summer solstice, kill bin. Yu Liang said, "Although Bin is ugly, his crime is unbearable. However, Wang Xian has a system and is a close relative of his own flesh and blood. He personally transported knives and saws to punish his peers, hurting his parents' kindness and showing no mercy. He should punish tyranny more leniently. "Bright table hasn't arrived in the capital, but summer is ill. After the letter, he attacked with deep meaning and became the official of Guang Luxun. " [3] Biography of Huan Chong in the Book of Jin: "General Wei Xie 'an was replaced by Xie Jian, the leader of China (Jiangzhou Secretariat). I was very angry, but I thought I was invincible. I wanted to lead Jiangzhou myself, and the emperor allowed me. " [4] Huan Yi is good at playing flute. During the period when Wang Guobao and Sima Daozi were trapped in Xie An, "the emperor called Iraq to give a banquet and (Xie An) sat down. The emperor ordered Yi to play the flute. -Yi Bian caressed the Zheng and sang "Poems of Resentment": "It is not easy to be a monarch and a minister, but it is difficult to be a good minister alone. Loyalty is not obvious, but there are doubts. Zhou Jinwei is unpublished. Help the king, and the second uncle opposes rumors. "The voice part is generous and the pitch is considerable. (Thank you) Ann cried and touched her face. She crossed the table and said, "Your Majesty is really extraordinary! "See the biography of Huan Yi in the Book of Jin, which shows that Huan Yi gets along well with Xie An. [5] Case "Biography of Wang Ningzhi in the Book of Jin": "(Wang Ningzhi) is the official history of Jiangzhou, the official history of General Zuo and the history of benefiting the people. "Wang Yulong died of Lu Xun's uprising in Sun En for three years (399), so he was appointed as Jiangzhou secretariat after Huan Yi, and before 399 AD, Tao Yuanming was appointed as an official in 394 AD, which is just the right time. [6] "Official Records of Song Shu" describes the official system of Wei and Jin Dynasties in the most detailed way, because the official system of Song Dynasty itself has not changed much with Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the times are similar. Later, the official records of the Book of Jin were also copied from the Book of Song, and the information was not beyond the scope contained in the Book of Song.