Boya Qinzhi is in the high mountain, and said in the early stage that "it is as majestic as Mount Tai"; The sound of the piano means running water, and the second stage says "the ocean is like a river." Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. Later generations used "bosom friend" as a metaphor for intimate friends and comrades-in-arms. Cao Pi's Book with Wu: "Xu, Chen, Ying and Liu all died at one time, and the pain can be said to be evil ... Boya lost his string in the middle of the night, and Zhong Ni lost his life in Luz, which made him feel sorry for his friends and hurt his disciples." "I don't care about you, but I will lose my bosom friend when I get old," said Tang Du Fu's "A Poem Crying for Li Chang." Shunzhi's poem "Farewell to High Political Participation": "Go back to the old forest after death, and then bid farewell to your bosom friend." Hao Ran's Sunny Day, Chapter 69: "If you can meet your bosom friend, how can you let him go in vain?"
Boya chanted the cloud: "I remember last spring, there was a gentleman by the river." I visited again today, but I didn't see my bosom friend. But when I saw a piece of dirt, my heart was broken! Sad, sad, sad, can't bear to cry. Why come and go? There are dark clouds on the river bank. In my childhood, you and I are precious, and we have gone through the end of the world beyond words. This song will never be played again, and the three-foot lyre will die for you! "
High mountains and Running water
Flowing mountains and flowing water are the stories of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi's bosom friends. This story has been moving people for thousands of years. People don't envy Yu Boya for his superb piano skills, but for meeting someone who can understand his piano-Zhong Ziqi.
Liezi Tang Wen: Boya is good at drumming, but Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boyaguqin, aiming at the mountains, Zhong Ziqi said,' OK, I'm as tall as Mount Tai!' Determined to manage water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, the ocean is like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. When the child died, Boya said that there was no confidant in the world. It's a broken piano, a broken string and no drums for life. One year, Yu Boya was ordered by the King of Jin to go to Chu. On August 15, we arrived at Hanyang estuary by boat. Parked at the foot of a hill in the storm. In the evening, the wind and waves gradually subsided, the clouds cleared and the scenery was very charming. Looking at the bright moon in the sky, Yu Boya was very excited. He took out the piano he brought with him and played it wholeheartedly. He played one tune after another. Just as he was completely immersed in the wonderful piano sound, he suddenly saw a man standing motionless on the shore. Yu Boya was taken aback, and a hard hand broke a string. Yu Boya was wondering why the man on the shore came, when he heard the man loudly say to him, "Sir, don't be suspicious. I am a firewood collector. I came home late. I heard you play the piano when I came, and I thought it was wonderful. I can't help standing here and listening. Yu Boya looked at it carefully by moonlight. There was a load of dry wood beside the man, so he was a woodcutter. Yu Boya thought, how can a woodcutter understand my piano? So he asked, "since you know the sound of the piano, please tell me what tune I play?" After listening to Yu Boya's question, the woodcutter smiled and replied, "Sir, what you just played was Confucius' song praising his disciple Yan Hui. It's a pity that the strings were broken when you played the fourth sentence. The woodcutter got it right, and Yu Boya was overjoyed and invited him aboard to discuss it in detail. When the woodcutter saw the piano played by Yu Boya, he said, "This is a lyre! According to legend, it was produced in the government. " Then he told the story of the lyre. Yu Boya could not help secretly admiring the woodcutter's words. Then, Yu Boya played some tunes for the woodcutter, and asked him to identify the meaning. When he played the grand piano, the woodcutter said, "This piano expresses the majestic momentum of the mountain. "When the piano became fresh and smooth, the woodcutter said," After that, the piano played expresses endless running water. " Yu Boya couldn't help but be pleasantly surprised. What he expressed on the piano was not understood by anyone in the past, but the woodcutter in front of him actually heard it clearly. Unexpectedly, under this wild ridge, I met a long-lost bosom friend, so he asked the woodcutter's name, Zhong Ziqi, to have a drink with him. The more they talk, the more speculative they become. After a brief meeting, they became sworn brothers. Make an appointment to meet here next Mid-Autumn Festival. After tearful parting with Zhong Ziqi, Yu Boya came to Hanyang estuary as promised, but he waited and waited, but Zhong Ziqi didn't come as promised, so he played the piano to summon his bosom friend, but after a long time, no one came. The next day, Yu Boya asked an old man about Zhong Ziqi's whereabouts. The old man told him that Zhong Ziqi had died of illness. Before he died, he left his last words, saying that he would build the tomb by the river and listen to Yu Boya's piano when he met on August 15. After listening to the old man's words, Yu Boya was very sad. He came to Zhong Ziqi's grave and sadly played the ancient song "High Mountain". After playing, he broke the string, sighed and smashed his beloved lyre on the bluestone. He said sadly, my only confidant is dead. Who can I play this piano for? The friendship between the two "bosom friends" touched future generations, and people built a guqintai where they met. To this day, people often use "bosom friends" to describe the friendship between friends. Thanks, my piano wrestling. There is a poem praising the cloud: snobbish, snobbish, gentle, who will get back to the bosom friend? Boya is not dead, which is an eternal miracle. Later generations have a poem: who is drunk on the fifteenth day of the first month, literati and poets are friends of the world. If the child had been there, heptachlor would not have broken into flowers. (Zhou Tianhou)
(Feng Ming Menglong)
Those who combine kindness are called bosom friends; Those who are close to each other are called close; People who live in harmony with each other are called bosom friends. Refers to a person who can deeply understand and correctly evaluate a work.
Yin Zhi: "It is difficult to know the sound, but it is difficult to meet the sound. Every time I meet a confidant, it is a once-in-a-lifetime thing! " Jong Li in the Southern Tang Dynasty, "Jishui County rewards Song Hua scholars with rhyme": "Poetry is cold and few friends, and I am happy to meet you alone." Lu Xun's Selected Works and the Popularization of Literature and Art: "The higher the works, the less bosom friends there are. Then, it is inferred that what people know is the best in the world. " Lv Chunqiu Volume 14 Filial Piety. Ben Wei: Boya Guqin, after listening, Fang Guqin set his sights on Mount Tai and said, "I play the piano well, and I am like Mount Tai." Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Playing the drum piano is good, like running water." After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya broke the piano and never played it again, thinking that drums were everywhere in the world. If it is not a unique piano, so are saints. It is rude to take a saint when he is in trouble. Are saints loyal? No defense, no Wan Li Road.
To annotate ...
1, guqin: playing the piano.
2. Hey, it's high.
3. Yang Yang: There is a lot of water.
4, aid: take, fuck.
5. create: create.
6, pawn: through "suddenly", suddenly.
7. ambition: cut off.
8. Ah: Ah, modal particles.
9. Kindness: words of praise, mood auxiliary words. When people read this sentence in "Rites and Music", they will inevitably feel shocked and call it "too cruel". Under the background of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, this method of distinguishing people from animals by knowing rites and music has become a serious system. When explaining this sentence, Zheng Xuan said that the beast knew that it was a sound ear, but he didn't know the change of palace affairs. Rough people don't know the changes of palace merchants, just like animals. On the other hand, can birds who listen to music and dance count as people? Although this backward push is not desirable, it at least proves the irrationality of such a system of rites and music.
The irrationality of this system is caused by the needs of the times. As a classic work of Confucianism, Yue Ji linked music with politics and made great contributions. Yue Ji emphasizes the close relationship between music and politics, music and society, and raises it to the need of political governance. "To rule the vocal music of the world, its politics also; The voice of troubled times is angry, and its politics is good; The voice of national subjugation grieves, and its people are trapped. The way of vocalization is connected with politics. " Under the laws of nature and politics, social ethics is inevitable. Yue Ji advocates that music should be coordinated with the management of state affairs, the correction of social atmosphere, and the ethical education of rule by courtesy, so as to serve the rulers' literary martial arts: "The monarch enjoys music in the ancestral temple, and the monarch and the minister listen to it together and respect him; In the village of the patriarch, it would be great if all ages listened; In the boudoir, when the father and son listen together, they become close. Therefore, musicians judge one by one, compare things with ornaments, and follow the rhythm with words. Therefore, the harmony between father and son, the harmony between monarch and minister, and the attachment of all peoples is the first line of Wang Li's music. "
It should be acknowledged that this kind of ritual and music culture has played a positive role in the governance of Anbang in a specific historical period. However, having fun is just an art, and its return to art itself is due to the "ritual collapse and bad music" in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is of positive significance to liberate music art from the rule and preaching of political ethics and restore its true artistic essence.
As a result, the theory of "knowing sound" and "knowing sound" about music aesthetics flourished unprecedentedly in later generations.
Textual research shows that the peak of the birth of Chinese traditional musical instruments was in the Han Dynasty after the "ritual collapse and bad music". From "official order" to "popular among the people", this is a period when China's traditional instrumental music is "loud and open". Guqin, Dong Xiao, Pipa, Hu Jia and so on. Under the forest, in spring, Gao Shi emerges one after another, which has become a major theme of figure painting and landscape painting in China. The materials and sounds of these instrumental music determine how sad their sounds are. Therefore, both Wang Bo's Cave and Xiao Fu and Ji Kang's Qin Fu are sad. Mr. Qian Zhongshu quoted two poems. Generally speaking, music is played with sadness as a good sound, and music is listened with sadness as a bosom friend. So fashionable in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. In Dong Xiao Fu, the phrase "those who know music are happy and sad, while those who don't know it are amazing and big" makes the theory of "bosom friends" come out of the world and become a culture.
If the "good drums" and "good listening" in Boyazi's period were silent bosom friends in their hearts, then Wang Bao's "Happiness and Sadness" was a bosom friend pointing directly to the source of their hearts, and then Ji Kang's "Sound without Sorrow and Music" rose to a bosom friend who opened the world of music, human spirit and emotion. The "bosom friend" in Boyazi period set the tone for the bosom friend culture of later generations, Wang Bao's "happiness but sadness" set the tone for the bosom friend culture of later generations, and Ji Kang's "sound without sorrow and joy" set the tone for the bosom friend culture of later generations.
The significance of Ji Kang's On Sound Without Sorrow and Music lies in giving music an independent personality. "The heart is the sound, and the Ming is two things." "Happy people will be happy, and worried people will be sad. Sorrow and joy lie in people's hearts, not in joy. " The sentence "The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty" can be regarded as Ji Kang's "confidant" of different generations. From Boyazi's period to Wang Bo's and then to Ji Kang's, although the "three determinations" of music are progressive, they are all confined to the ancient music aesthetics in China, but have not developed into all artistic aesthetics.
"It is precious to know how to cry. Don't just listen to the sound." Mr. Qian Zhongshu sublimated the "theory of knowing friends" of music aesthetics into "the concept of reaching the heart" of all literary aesthetics, which is a great contribution to literary aesthetics. "Writing a paper for examination is just like all arts have to stimulate the lacrimal gland like onions, and all aesthetics have to repay the debt of tears like crimson grass, so it is difficult for Tang Qing to save three pairs of tears." It can be described as a general theory of "bosom friends".
All literary and artistic creations that treat things with body and mind may make people cry, and crying is only a modality of human body and mind. The richness of other modalities depends on the degree of "direct access to the heart" in literary and artistic creation. "Psychology means that people feel beautiful things, feel the hidden pain in their hearts, their hearts are pounding, their backs are splashed with cold water, and their eyes are full of tears." Therefore, some people are excited to read poems, and some are cold-blooded to look at paintings. All beautiful literary and artistic creations may bring us psychological and physical reactions. Just like when we later read Qian Muzhai's next season's poem "Burying Heroes Grassland, Spending Sunset Days", we observed ourselves, with trembling skin, choking throat, tears in eyes and sighing in our hearts. Such a poem that "goes straight to the heart" is vivid; Another example is Luo Zhongli's famous painting "Father". When I think of my dead father or my father who is still ploughing in the fields, I can't help crying for it. Black Sunday is listed as one of the three forbidden songs in the world because it has caused more than 100 suicides, which is caused by its "touching the heart". Of course, according to Ji Kang's theory of "no sorrow and music", music is blameless. People who commit suicide are already very sad.
From the above three examples, we can see that it is the strong sense of substitution in literary and artistic creation that makes people feel psychologically sound, which is a process of "going straight to the heart".
In fact, the concept of "reaching the heart" in literary and artistic creation and aesthetics began with Su Dongpo. His famous saying "Write on my heart, draw on my heart" is the beginning of the concept of "reaching the heart". There are both literary and artistic creations that are not limited to the formation of laws, but only suitable for the "reaching the heart" of the mind, and Su Shi's "reaching the heart" that values the psychological "pleasure" in literary aesthetics most. This kind of pleasure is the artistic aesthetic concept of "reaching the heart" or "speaking the heart". This aesthetic view, through his creation, has entered a wide range of antique and epigraphy fields such as "calligraphy, painting, antiques and metalwork" from poetry and calligraphy.
From "the theory of bosom friend" to "the view of reaching the heart", from professional music to all literary aesthetics, it is actually the unchangeable source of China's traditional literary form. Although there is time in the middle, the pulse is always there. In a word, literary aesthetics lies in three difficulties, and the breakthrough lies in the word "different roads lead to the same goal" Try to analyze as follows: the difficulty of art evaluation lies in going straight to the heart; The difficulty of reaching the heart lies in communication; The difficulty of expressing a person's feelings lies in empathy. It is a friendship between gentlemen, and the same paragraph is expensive; When a gentleman talks about art, he pays attention to it; The aesthetics of a gentleman should go straight to the heart. People who reach the heart know each other.
(Pang: "On" Companionship "and" Expressiveness "of Literary Aesthetics from the Change of Rites and Music)
translate
Boya is good at playing the piano, while Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya plays the piano, thinking about the mountains. Zhong Ziqi said, "Good! The mountain looks like Mount Tai! " Boya was thinking about tap water when Zhong Ziqi said, "Good! The mighty water looks like a river! " Zhong Ziqi must know what Boya missed. Boya was visiting the northern part of Mount Tai when he was caught in a rainstorm. He hid under a rock. I felt sad, so I picked up the piano and played. At first it was the sound of continuous rain, and then it was the sound of landslides. Every time Boya plays a piece of music, Zhong Ziqi can always find the source of its interest. Boya put down the piano and sighed, "You listen to the song well, well!" The imagination in my head is like my heart. Where can I let my piano sound escape your ears? "
Make an appreciative comment
Although Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is not a loyal history, Liezi is recorded in the past, and its content is not groundless. Therefore, the saying that Boya no longer plays drums has been handed down and become a much-told story. Boya should be famous at that time. Xun Kuang once mentioned him in the article "Encouraging Learning": "In the past, drums were used, and fish drowned; Boya plays the drums and plays the piano, and Liu Ma Yang Yu. " Although the language is almost exaggerated, there is no doubt that the great musician Boya's piano skills are superb.
Since Liezi and Lu Chunqiu, the ancient books of the Western Han Dynasty, such as Biography of Korean Poetry, Huainanzi, Shuoyuan, Tongzhi of Customs, Cao Qin, and Yuefu Jie of Eastern Han Dynasty, have been quoted one after another. In these works, the description of Boya is more abundant. For example, Cai Yi's Cao Qin in the Eastern Han Dynasty also recorded an anecdote about Boya learning the method of empathy from musicians. In Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong's "Words of Warning to the World" started with "Yu Boya practicing the piano to thank his companions". In this novel, Boya becomes Yu Boya, a music official, and Zhong Ziqi becomes a woodcutter in Hanyang. An ancient small dictionary has completely turned into a novel, with characters, places and plots.
The story of "Mountain Flowing Water" and Boya Zhong Ziqi has been widely circulated for more than two thousand years because of its profound China culture. China's ancient cultural spirit of "harmony between man and nature" and "selflessness" is fully reflected in this story. Zhu Quancheng's "Magic Secret Spectrum" in the Ming Dynasty made an accurate interpretation of this: "There are two mountains and running water, only one. The first ambition is to care about mountains and rivers, saying that benevolent people are Leshan. Later, I cared about running water and said that wise people are happy with water. " The benevolent Leshan, the wise enjoy water, and the mountains and rivers contain the vastness of heaven and earth and the charm of mountains and rivers, which is the highest realm of the real theme of ancient China music. However, Boya's piano music "Mountain Flowing Water" has not been circulated in the world, and future generations cannot appreciate the beauty of Boya's music. Therefore, although the story of "high mountains and flowing water" has been sung by later generations, it is completely "what the heart yearns for" and there is no personal experience of music.
Sixth grade text
Boya is good at playing drums, but Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, looking at the mountains in the distance, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to manage water, Zhong Ziqi said: "The ocean is like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. When he died as a child, Boya said that there was no bosom friend in the world, but he broke the piano and never played drums all his life.