Confucianism occupies a dominant position in China culture, because Confucianism has been in a dominant position in feudal society for thousands of years. It has both essence and dross. Generally speaking, Confucianism provides rich life experience and wisdom and embodies the unique psychological quality of the Chinese nation. The ideas expressed by some idioms are also very progressive today. Such as "putting the righteousness above family members", "doing one's duty", "striving for self-improvement", "doing one's best", "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" and so on. Some idioms show the Confucian culture's views on people's moral cultivation and principles of doing things, such as "don't be proud of happiness", "don't value foreign things", "be courteous and courteous", "be considerate of Si Qi", "be humble and blame others", "the beauty of a gentleman as an adult, the evil of an adult", "forget one's furniture" and "oneself", etc. Some idioms shine with profound philosophical connotations in Confucian culture. 2. Chinese idioms embody Taoism and Buddhism, and are also an important part of China culture. Idioms such as "governing by doing nothing", "being pure and doing nothing", "abandoning wisdom", "being safe is easy, misfortune and happiness alternate" and "there is also right and wrong, which is also right and wrong" are all manifestations of Taoist thought and unique philosophical thinking ability. There are as many as two hundred idioms related to Buddhism. Idioms such as "The Tao goes up one foot, the magic goes up one foot", "Make a further progress with a hundred feet", "Inevitability" and "Go Forward" are the direct expressions of Buddhist teachings and theories, while idioms such as "Build a tower with one more grain of sand" and "Wake up with enlightenment" show Buddhist stories. More idioms come from Buddhist works. For example, there are more than 80 idioms related to the Five Lights and the Hui Yuan. Common idioms include "returning to the roots", "taking part in accidental amusement", "adding insult to injury", "confusing dragons and snakes", "getting to the point", "sucking the marrow" and "dragging the mud". 3. Idioms fully demonstrate the institutional culture of the Han nationality. In the long-term historical development, the Han nationality has formed a complete and systematic system, including the etiquette system and customs, official system, diplomatic system, patriarchal clan system, marriage system, military system, educational imperial examination system, legal system, funeral system, ancient books system, astronomical calendar system and so on. And some folk customs, superstitions, taboos and so on. The following options are illustrated by examples. The original meaning of' respect' is to beat others at the negotiating table in the league. "Respect" refers to ancient wine vessels and utensils for offering sacrifices to meat, which are necessary items in negotiations and a reflection of the diplomatic negotiation system. It is a solemn ceremony for ancient princes to make a Covenant with their fingers dipped in the blood of livestock to show their commitment. "Bundling silks and adding jade" refers to using five silks and jades as gifts, which are the most valuable items given to each other when hiring or inquiring in ancient times. "Three kneeling and nine knocking" refers to the most solemn court etiquette for the emperor. Idioms such as "respect for inferiority and order", "respect for husband and wife" and "respect for ancestors" are all direct manifestations of patriarchal clan system. Idioms such as "filial piety", "under the knee", "respect for brothers, friends and brothers" and "warm pillows" describe the close relationship between family members, which is the moral concept and code of conduct that the Han people attach great importance to, and is the basis for maintaining family order, so it is the embodiment of the system. Because the core of Han family relationship is male, in the idiom of expression system, "the husband sings with the woman" is bound to be the main tone. At the same time, China culture also pays attention to the lasting stability and happiness of marriage. So many idioms appeared, such as "deep affection between husband and wife", "follow Qi Mei's example", "treat each other as guests", "grow old together", "fly with me" and "husband and wife sing together". "The most heinous crime", "the punishment of friends sitting in the clan", "the punishment should be", "dismembering five horses" and "benevolence outside the law" are records of ancient legal system. China culture attaches great importance to education and the imperial examination system, emphasizing that only by respecting teachers and paying attention to morality and forgetting to eat in anger can people "be the first official" and "be an official if they learn well". Therefore, many idioms describe people's hard work, such as "snow begins at the door", "burning ointment with the coffin", "poor classics", "yellow lamp", "stealing light from the wall", "snow shines in the bag", "Wei Bian San Jue" and "hanging the beam to the bone". Many idioms are summaries of teaching and learning experience. As students, we should "step by step", "read carefully", "integrate" and "know what they know, but not what they don't know"; As a teacher, we should be persuasive, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, teach without distinction, and be tireless in teaching others. At the same time, we should set an example for others, pay attention to teaching by example, and learn from each other's strengths. 4. Chinese idioms fully reflect China's literature, painting, music, dance, opera, calligraphy and other art forms. Literature, painting, music, dance, opera and calligraphy are all indispensable parts of the spiritual culture of the Han nationality. A nation with a long history will inevitably produce rich and colorful literature and art, and the content of literature and art will inevitably be reflected in idioms. Although the semantics of some idioms have changed greatly today, many of their original meanings are directly related to the above aspects. For example, the idiom "step by step" means that when writing an article, the structure is properly arranged and the words and sentences are in line with the norms; "A thousand miles long" means that a painting or a poem is short in length, but extremely rich in content and far-reaching in artistic conception; "Holding clouds to hold the moon" originally refers to a technique of rendering clouds to set off the moon when painting, and later refers to a technique of expressing themes or themes with shades or descriptions from the side when painting or writing. "suburban thinness" is a generalization of a certain poetic mood and style. Parallel four wives and six wives refer to the double parallelism of four-character or six-character sentences in parallel prose prevalent in the Six Dynasties. "One word and one bead" is a metaphor for the clarity, tactfulness and roundness of singing and the essence of poetry writing. "Eight-tone overlapping" means that ancient Han people divided musical instruments into eight categories and played them in turn, with complete instrumental music and grand scenes; "Black powder debut" refers to the traditional China opera, in which actors dress up in BLACKPINK and perform on stage; "Wandering with the Wind" describes the brush strokes of calligraphy, such as "the sword goes sideways" and "get to the point", and describes the strength and profound skill of calligraphy. Idioms like this are really endless. (2) Compared with the material culture, material culture and spiritual culture of the Han nationality, Chinese idioms are more concrete and intuitive, and they are the accumulation of long-term production and life experience of the Han nationality. Compared with the deep culture of spiritual culture, material culture is a middle culture and a surface culture. Many idioms directly reflect the lifestyle and content of the Han people. The choice of idioms must be centered on things familiar to Han people. The geography of mountains and rivers, gardens, palace buildings, food, clothing, housing and transportation, and all kinds of utensils and animals are inherent in Chinese culture and reflect the development level of material culture of the Han nationality. There are many idioms related to diet, such as "tea and rice have no intention", "rough tea and light rice" and "wine and rice are full". In idioms, tea and rice are often put together, and wine and rice are put together, which is a reflection of the unique tea culture and wine culture of the Han nationality. Cooking culture is an important part of eating and drinking culture, so there is an idiom that reflects the concept of diet. For example, the idiom "Never tire of eating essence, never tire of taste essence" such as "Canned phoenix cooks dragon" and "Thousand-mile soup" directly records the names of two kinds of dishes, the former refers to a delicious palace dish, and the latter refers to a famous dish with local flavor. The original meaning of "all five flavors are suitable" means that the seasonings are complete and appropriate. There are many idioms that reflect the costume culture and show the unique costumes of people with different identities and positions. Empresses of emperors and maids of nobles wore summer clothes with crests and pearls surrounded by emeralds, while ancient Confucian scholars wore ribbons of praise and round crowns with square collars, while court officials wore belts with crowns and looked like a simple black veil, while hermits eager to enter the mountains were wild ge clothes and bamboo sandals. Because clothing is the external expression of people's social status and economic strength, there are various strict rules about clothing in ancient times to show the difference between official rank and social status, so it is not surprising that there are so many idioms related to clothing in Chinese. Idioms reflect the palace architectural culture with national characteristics. For example, "Biwa Zhudai" refers to the blue tile and red roof, which describes the gorgeous beauty of the building and also shows the overall style of architectural design and the aesthetic taste of the Han people. "Taiwan Pavilion" describes the buildings with scattered heights, "carved beams and painted buildings" describes the magnificent interior decoration, "intrigue" describes the intricate internal structure of the palace, "lofty pavilions" refers to the tall buildings in the garden for resting and enjoying the surrounding scenery, and "Jincheng Tang Chi" describes the solid city defense. Idioms also have unique features such as mountains, rivers, gardens, traffic and climate. Therefore, idioms with place names must be unique to China people. Because of the knowledge of geography, we can naturally understand the meanings of these idioms. Such as Chu River in Han Dynasty, Safety of Mount Tai, Looking at Shu from the Dragon's Head, Half Southeast, Different Features, I don't think about Shu, Luoyang Paper Expensive, Shu Dog Calling Heaven, Wu Niu Chuan Yue, Wild Goose Pagoda Title, Yelang Arrogance, mainstay, etc. Go and China chess are entertainment tools that Han people are very familiar with. Therefore, the idioms based on chess include "All the organs are counted, the bystanders are clear", "diamond cut diamond, who will meet talented people", "Chess is too high, one hand is tied behind one's back", "One careless move will lose the whole game", "indecision" and "dispersion". There are a lot of plants in China's idioms, except pine and cypress, plum, willow, peach, plum, orchid, laurel and lotus, the most common one is to rise first. Because bamboo was abundant in ancient China, the clothing, food, shelter and transportation of Han people were all closely related to bamboo, which played an extremely important role in the history of the development of material culture of Han people. Bamboo can not only meet the needs of making various articles in daily life, but also be an important writing material, which can be used to make musical instruments. Idioms related to bamboo include "mourning is greater than dying in the heart", "blowing bamboo to play silk", "approaching the fence", "blooming flowers", "eating kettle pulp", "forgetting fish", "seeing a leopard in a tube" and "getting instant results". Idioms also reflect the cultural connotation of traditional Chinese medicine. For example, learn from a painful experience, suit the remedy to the case, talk about the facts, rejuvenate the young, have three years of love, fight poison with poison, change the soup without changing the medicine, be terminally ill and be insensitive. Many idioms are selected from items commonly used by Han people, which to some extent reflects the development level of science and technology in the history of Han Dynasty. Jewelry, silk and brocade are very representative in China culture. Idioms related to jewelry include "white jade is slightly flawed", "jade is not cut, it is not perfect" and "looking for pearls", while idioms related to silk include "rivers flow like practice", "flowers are like flowers" and "tracing dragons and embroidering phoenixes".
qingyuan polytechnic