Speaker: Zhou Yuxi.
Venue: Guangming Forum
Finishing: editorial department of this journal
Su Shi lived in an era when giants were born. Mr. Wang Guowei has a passage in Epigraphy of Song Dynasty, "Tianshui once had many aspects of human intellectual activities and culture, including the Han and Tang Dynasties before and the Yuan and Ming Dynasties after, which were beyond our control." Mr. Chen Yinque also said that "the culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years, which is the peak of the Zhao and Song Dynasties". Both masters of Chinese studies regarded the Song Dynasty as the pinnacle of culture.
Su Shi is a master of prose, poetry and ci in Song Dynasty. Wen is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties and a representative of Song Dynasty. Su Shi and Xin Qiji are representatives of the uninhibited school. In addition, Su Shi is one of the four great calligraphers in Song Dynasty, and his paintings are representative of literati paintings. In addition, Su Shi has made great achievements in thought, politics, philosophy, social ethics and natural history.
Su Shi, who transcends aesthetics, put forward in Bao Hua Tang Shu that "a gentleman can talk about things without paying attention to them." Implied in things, although slightly pleasant, although the stunner is not sick. Pay attention to things, although small things are enough to get sick, although beautiful things are not enough for fun. " As a gentleman, we can focus on something, but don't care too much. This thing is good for our life. He said that if we focus on things, we can all be happy, even though it is a trivial external thing; A stunner is a beautiful thing, so it is not enough to be our disease. But on the other hand, if you pay attention to things, if you put all your mind on this matter, even a small thing will be enough to make you lose your mind. For example, it is enough for young people to indulge in games all day. "Although a stunner is not enough for pleasure", no matter how beautiful things are, you won't feel happy because you care too much. When you want to possess it, there is a fear of losing it and you will not be happy.
Su Shi said: "However, the saints have never abolished these four things, but also talk about their implications." Saints also like five colors, five sounds and five flavors, and they also like to gallop and hunt. This is no problem, mainly depending on the attitude of the people who treat them. Then Su Shi cited several stories of famous people in history. Liu Bei likes to tie the knot, Ji Kang, a famous man in Wei and Jin Dynasties, likes to strike while the iron is hot, and Ruan Fu, another famous man, likes wax bricks. These hobbies are boring to ordinary people, but they all like them and get happiness from them. Su Shi also said that "anything pleasing to the eye is enough to please people, but not enough to move people, so it is nothing more than painting and calligraphy." There are two attitudes towards painting and calligraphy. One is the attitude of the appreciator, which can make us feel aesthetic pleasure, but the other is the attitude of collectors and auction houses. They all roll up and hide painting and calligraphy as a kind of wealth, which makes painting and calligraphy a burden for people and may also cause disasters. "extremes meet"-this is the result of extremes meet.
In recent years, China has made great achievements in anti-corruption and many corrupt officials have been investigated. Many things are not appreciated, but buried or collected at home. And the result? He "harmed his country" and "killed his own body" and was jailed. A lot of property in a person's life is worthless to you. The most valuable thing is happiness. What can make you happy? Still wealth, but this kind of wealth is spiritual wealth, not much more valuable than material wealth. Now some young people are more pursuing material wealth, but I still want to advise you to take poetry as a book and enjoy yourself. Sometimes paying too much attention to things and not knowing that life is short is actually worthless to life.
A chic life Su Shi's famous poem "Red Cliff Fu" said: "Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are heard and heard, and the beauty is met. It is inexhaustible for the creator and suitable for me and my son. " What is aesthetics? It is an activity that transcends utility and has no desire. As long as you have desire and utility, aesthetics will leave you. Where there is desire, there is trouble and pain. When Su Shi wrote Fu on the Red Wall, he wrote about a guilty body. What he called "the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains" is the object of our aesthetics, not the object of desire.
When we talk about his chic life, we will definitely think that Su Shi's life is ups and downs. When Su Shi went to Jinshan Temple in his later years, he drew a portrait for others. He wrote a poem on the portrait: "My heart is like a gray wood, and my body is like a boat without a tie. Ask about your life achievements, Huangzhou Huizhou Danzhou ". Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou are the waterloo of Su Shi's life, and his political failure has just made his cultural success. Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou are the three richest periods of his cultural creation, and they are also the three periods in which he saw life most thoroughly. In Huangzhou, he left some beautiful works, such as Red Cliff Fu, Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia, Dingfengbo, etc. These works describe the changes of natural climate and hint at life experiences. There are many storms in one's life, but there are also sunny days. For a person with a strong heart, external storms are not enough. "There is no rain or shine in his life." You are yourself, and you should stick to your moral and life stance optimistically in any difficult situation.
In Huizhou, Su Shi's political opponents are eager to hear Su Shi's poems expressing pain and frustration, but Su Shi's life in Huizhou is very happy. So his political opponents demoted him to Danzhou, which is now Hainan. However, when Su Shi returned from Hainan Island, he wrote that he crossed the sea on the night of June 20 and was beyond suffering. "I don't hate dying in the south, so I will travel wonderfully for the rest of my life." Su Shi regarded Danzhou as the most dreamy tour in recent years, far higher than Han Zongyuan, who was demoted in the Tang Dynasty. Su Shi also wrote a poem in Danzhou that "everything has been enough for many years, and the only thing I owe is death", saying that I have been satisfied with everything in my life, and what I lack is only death. In the eyes of the world, saying death is taboo, but Su Shi's face-to-face death is a spiritual greatness.
Editing/Book Collection