Flowers fade, red apricots are small, swallows come and people walk around in the green water. There are few willows blowing on the branches, but there are many herbs in the sea.
Swing in the outer wall of the road, laity in the wall, beautiful woman laughing in the wall. Laughter dies in silence, but passion is mercilessly annoyed.
one
The flowers have withered and the apricots are small. Swallows flew low over the water and the villagers were surrounded by green water. The catkins on the branches are less and less blown by the wind, but there are lush grass everywhere.
Whose swing is swaying in the spring breeze, the poet walking on the path can't help but stop and listen to the bursts of laughter from the girls. Laughter faded away and could no longer be heard, leaving only sentimental pedestrians wandering and annoyed.
two
Su Shi (1036-1101) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). Born on1feb19th. He, his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe belong to the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi has made great achievements in poetry, ci, fu and prose, and is good at painting and calligraphy. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of China literature and art.
Su Shi's prose and Ouyang Xiu are called "Ou Su", poetry and Huang Tingjian are called "Su Huang", Ci and Xin Qiji are called "Su Xin", and calligraphy and Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Jing (later Cai Xiang) are called "Su Huang Camouflage". Su Shi inherited Han Yu's theory of "writing as poetry" and created a new style. "Taking poetry as a word" raised the words that were generally considered as "trails" and "poems" at that time to an equal position with poetry.
During Wang Anshi's political reform, Su Shi made a comprehensive criticism of the new law, and was later released to Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong), Xuzhou (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), Huzhou (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) and Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong) as local officials. He built water conservancy projects to help the victims and did many good things for the people.
When he was the secretary of the state of Mizhou, his father, mother and wife had all passed away. Su Shi made a swan song of "Ten Years of Life and Death" for his wife who had died for many years. At that time, only my younger brother Su Zhe worked in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, Su Shi wrote two sentences: "When is the bright moon, ask for wine from heaven" and "I am pregnant with a son", mainly because I think it is self-evident. Song Shenzong understood Su Shi's intention and pardoned Su Shi.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was impeached and imprisoned, which was the Wutai poetry case. Su Shi thought he was going to die, so he wrote a desperate poem to Su Zhe: "It is the green hills that can bury the bones, and the rain alone hurts the body." Be brothers with the strategist for life, and then finish the unfinished business. This poem touched Song Shenzong again, and Su Shi was pardoned. The following year, he was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) and served as Ying Yong's deputy envoy.
Su Shi was almost exiled to Huangzhou. "Friends and relatives are scattered, sick for many years, hungry and cold, and everyone says they are dead." "Friends and relatives have never seen a word in their lives, and books have never answered it." When I first arrived in Huangzhou, I stayed in Dinghui Temple and said, "When there is no moon, I will hang sparse trees, and it will be quiet at first. Who saw you alone? Fuzzy and lonely. At night, it suddenly becomes afraid, suddenly flies and comes back frequently, but no one always understands its infinite inner feelings. Lonely sandbar is cold. " Later, he reclaimed land in Huangzhou, calling himself "Dongpo", with the intention of seclusion, and prepared to live like Tao Yuanming: "Only Yuanming was a former life." "The boat passed, and Jianghai spent the rest of his life."
When Su Shi later moved from Huangzhou to Ruzhou, passing through Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), Wang Anshi personally greeted him by the river and advised Su Shi to buy land in Jiangning. Su Shi, who is famous for saving the world, has been repeatedly hit politically, but it is still difficult to make up his mind to retire from the mountains.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Zongshen died and the young Zhezong succeeded to the throne. The empress dowager, who opposed the new law, listened to politics and took Sima Guang as prime minister. Su Shi was recalled to North Korea, and successively served as a living shed, a Chinese book shed, a bachelor of Hanlin, and a short-term official, military and etiquette minister.
Su Shi opposed Wang Anshi's radical innovation thought, but after years of local experience, he also saw the merits of the new law. Now, after he returned to North Korea, he resolutely opposed Sima Guang's total abolition of the new law, and even reprimanded Sima Guang as "Sima Niu" in person. Later, he was once again demoted as a local official in Hangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and Dingzhou (now Dingxian, Hebei).
In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Empress Dowager Gao died and the New Party was re-launched. Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou (now Huizhou, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danzhou, Hainan). When I was in Huizhou, "300 lychees a day, I don't hesitate to be a Lingnan person." "Looking back at the bleak land, rain or shine." Show a realistic mind.
In Guo Jingyuan, Zhong Jian (111), Song Huizong succeeded to the throne, and Su Shi was pardoned and returned to the north. After passing through Qiongzhou Strait, the wind and rain stopped for several days: "The clouds are bright and the sea and sky are clear. I don't hate the southern narrow escape, so I will travel wonderfully for the rest of my life. "
Su Shi wrote a poem for his portrait: "My heart is like gray wood, and my body seems to be tied to a boat. Ask about your life achievements, Huangzhou Huizhou Danzhou. " On July 28th, Su Shi died in Changzhou (now Changzhou, Jiangsu) on his way back to Beijing at the age of 66.
three
When and where this word was written, it is impossible to test it in detail. There are many sayings such as Mizhou, Huangzhou, Dingzhou and Huizhou. I only know that when Su Shi was in Huizhou in his later years, he asked his accompanying concubine Wang Chaoyun to sing this word.
The Chronicle of Linz (Volume 5) quotes the cloud "Ci Tan Xia Lin": "Zi Zhan is in Huizhou, sitting idly with Chaoyun. When a young girl first comes, she is rustling and sad for autumn. She told the cloud to be white and sang' Flowers fall and residual red'. The cloud will sing, and tears will fill her skirt. Zi Zhan criticized the reason and replied,' I can't sing, but there are few willows blowing on the branches, and there are plenty of fragrant grass in the world.' Zi Zhan laughed and said,' It's my government that mourns autumn, and you hurt spring'. Then stop. Chaoyun died soon, and Zi Zhan never listened to this word. "
Hui Hong's "Cold Zhai Night Talk" in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Dongpo crossed the sea, accompanied by Wang Chaoyun. He recited Liu Mian's words on the branches every day, and he was very ill. He still kept talking, and Dongpo mourned for Xijiang Moon. " Chaoyun died in Huizhou, where "crossing the sea" is wrong, but the relationship between Chaoyun and the word is probably true.
When I was twelve years old, I followed Su Shi in Chao Yun, which was once called "the inappropriateness of a college student's belly" and was praised by Su Shi: "Only Chao Yun knows me." Chaoyun knew Su Shi's thoughts and the helplessness of catkins floating in the wind, so he was "very ill."
The scenery described by this word is not like that of Huizhou in the south, but rather like that of the north. As early as thousands of years ago, the ancestors of the Yellow River valley knew the law of swallows flying in autumn and returning in spring. In Huai Nan Zi, there is a saying that "Yan Yan takes the place of flying", which holds that Yan Yan's seasonal migration comes one after another: Dayan flies south in September-10, Xiaoyan flies south in June-10; Next spring, Dayan 65438 will fly north from 10 to February, and Xiaoyan will fly north from south to April. A folk proverb in the Yellow River valley says, "The geese are only on March 3, and the Xiaoyan is only on September 9." That is, swallows have been in the north for six months. No matter how far the swallows fly, they can return to their hometown with amazing memories: "There is nothing to do, flowers bloom and fall, and they look like swallows that have met before."
"Green apricot" is an immature apricot. Song Mengyuan's Tokyo Dream, April 8th: "Weizhou Nanqingfeng Building is the best drinking place in summer. When you first taste green apricots and recommend cherries, you will get a good guest at that time. "
"Around", green water people, is a swallow around, but also green water around.
"Again" means that the sheep are falling, more than once, and they are homesick.
"Pedestrian" is the author himself. Su Shi said: "Life is like a walk, and I am also a pedestrian."
"Sadness" means silence. The girl walked away on the swing, and the laughter followed.
"Affectionate", pedestrians stop for a long time, naturally affectionate.
This word describes withered flowers, early fruiting of green apricots, swallows flying back and catkins blowing out, all of which are the scenes of late spring in the north. Su Shi was excited by the wind blowing catkins, thinking that other flowers and plants would be sown by the wind, so naturally there were flowers and plants everywhere. I was demoted many times and moved around, but I couldn't return to my hometown like a swallow. This situation is similar to catkins flying in the wind. This state of mind is in line with the state of mind of Lingnan people who are far away from Wan Li, that is, "I am willing to be a Lingnan person" and "this peace of mind is my hometown".
four
The decrease of falling flowers and residual red is in contrast with the growth of green apricot; The reduction of catkins on the branches is another contrast with the endless grass; The coldness of the beauty in the wall contrasts with the amorous feelings of the laity in the wall. Swallows come back with mixed feelings, showing the short and long life.
Su Shi's life was bumpy and full of vicissitudes, with feelings of cherishing spring, feeling of life experience, thinking of serving the country, yearning for young life and so on. Still "passionately" pursuing ideals and clinging to life aroused his yearning for a beautiful New Year, or the association of the relationship between monarch and minister. Beauty is young, simple and carefree. She has neither the feeling of hurting spring nor the worry about her life experience. It can really be said that she is "heartless".
Wang Dingguo, an official involved in Su Shi's Wutai poetry case, was demoted to "Hai" (now Guangxi) for five years, accompanied by his concubine Rounu. After coming back, Wang Dingguo was calm and gentle, while Rounu was more delicate and beautiful. "Wang Ding's national anthem Confucius said soft slave, surnamed Yu Wenshi, make, good response, who lives in the capital. When Dingguo moved south, Yu asked Rou, "Isn't it bad to spread the customs of South Guangdong?" Rou told him that this place of peace of mind is my hometown. "To this end, he wrote a sentence:" The fewer years Wan Li returned, the more he smiled, the more fragrant he smiled. I am thinking that Lingnan should be bad. It is said that this peace of mind is my hometown. "
After a bumpy life, Su Shi said, "I don't regret dying in the south", which is the inheritance of Qu Yuan's ambition. "I am also kind. Although I died in the south, I still have no regrets. " "There are plenty of fragrant grass in the end of the world" is also the meaning of "why there is no fragrant grass alone, why not hesitate to forget the past" in Li Sao. As long as you are happy, where can't you settle down?
"Ten years of life and death" is the "separation" between heaven and man, and people are on the other side. "I don't know heaven palace" is "separation" from the emperor. "The old monk became a new tower after his death, and there is no reason to see the old topic when the wall is broken", which means "separation" from his old friend's old topic.
There is a wall between pedestrians and beautiful women, which can be said to be close at hand. "The painting hall is as deep as the sea." The common meeting separated by a wall is also the meeting of "love" and "affection", which is the normal state of life. The "sentimentality" of pedestrians is met with the "ruthlessness" of beautiful women, and the flowers are intentional and the water is ruthless. When there is nothing in my heart, pedestrians are "bored".
"Swing in the wall, the road outside the wall" is not only a wall surrounded by green water, but also a "heart wall" that blocks the communication between "sentient beings" and "heartless people".
Within the green water, surrounded by high walls, it blocks the sight of pedestrians, but it can't stop the youth of girls and the yearning of pedestrians for youth.