Portrait of Yan Zhenqing Yan Zhenqing was an outstanding calligrapher and great patriot in the mid-Tang Dynasty. The "Yan style" regular script he founded is known as the "Four Masters of Regular Script" together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ouyang Xun. Together with Liu Gongquan, he is also known as "Yan Jin Liu Gu".
Yan Zhenqing (709-784, one version says 709-785), whose courtesy name is Qingchen, was born in Jingzhaowenian, Tang Dynasty (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), and his ancestral home is Langya Linyi, Tang Dynasty (now Linyi, Shandong Province). Chinese calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (AD 734), he became a Jinshi and ascended the rank of Jia Ke. He was appointed as the supervisory censor four times and moved to the palace to serve as the censor. Because he was rejected by Yang Guozhong, a powerful official at the time, he was demoted to Pingyuan (now Shandong) as the prefect. It is called Yan Pingyuan. During the reign of Emperor Suzong, he went to Fengxiang to be granted the title of Shangshu of the Ministry of Constitution and was promoted to the imperial censor. During the reign of Emperor Daizong, he became the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, the Prince and Grand Master, and was granted the title of Duke of Lu County, and was known as "Gong Yan Lu". In the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), he was framed by Prime Minister Lu Qi and sent to the rebel general Li Xilie to inform him, and was later killed by Li Hang. In the first year of Dali (765), Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing was demoted because he blocked the way of speech to Prime Minister Yuan Zai. In April of the third year (768), he was changed from Jizhou Sima to Fuzhou governor. During his five years in Fuzhou, he cared about the sufferings of the people, focused on agricultural production, and was enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings. In response to the current situation that the main channel of the Fuhe River was silted up, the branch ports were overflowing, and the farmland was submerged, he led the people to build a long stone dam south of Biandanzhou, a small island in the center of the Fuhe River, thus relieving the flood problem and diverting water to irrigate the fields during the dry season. In order to commemorate him, the people of Fuzhou named the stone dam Qianjinpi and built an ancestral temple to offer sacrifices at four seasons. He is an honest official and tries his best to maintain normal social order. Yang Zhijian, a student from Fuzhou, came from a poor family but loved studying as much as his life. His wife couldn't stand the poverty life and filed for divorce. Yang wrote a "Poetry for Wife", expressing his determination to study but reluctantly agreeing to divorce. Yang's wife presented this poem to Yan Zhenqing as evidence of divorce. After reading Yang's poems, Yan sympathized with Yang's plight and admired his spirit of studying hard. He punished Yang's wife for disliking poverty and loving wealth, and gave Yang Zhijian cloth and grain as gifts, leaving Yang to serve in the department. To this end, Yan also made public the "Judgment Based on the Separation of Yang Zhijian's Wife". This judgment played a good guiding role in the formation of good academic style and simple marriage customs in Linchuan. Yan Zhenqing is a descendant of the Langya family and has a profound family knowledge. Yan Zhitui, the sixth generation ancestor, is a famous scholar in the Northern Qi Dynasty and the author of "Yan Family Instructions". When Yan Zhenqing was young, his family was poor and lacked paper and pen, so he practiced calligraphy on the wall with a pen dipped in loess and water. He first learned Chu Suiliang's style of writing, and then learned his writing skills from Zhang Xu. He also absorbed the characteristics of the four schools of thought in the early Tang Dynasty, as well as the styles of seal script and Northern Wei Dynasty. He completed the creation of vigorous and broad Yan style regular script and established a model of regular script in the Tang Dynasty. His regular script was contrary to the calligraphy style of the early Tang Dynasty. He used seal script to transform the thin and hard shape into plump and powerful. The structure was broad and majestic, and the bones were strong and majestic. This style also reflected the prosperous style of the Tang Empire, and In line with his noble personality, it is an example of the perfect combination of the beauty of calligraphy and the beauty of personality. His calligraphy style is called "Yan style", and together with Liu Gongquan, he is called "Yan Liu", and he is known as "Yan Jin Liu Gu". Ouyang Xiu once said: "Yan Gongshu is like a loyal minister, martyr, moral gentleman, he is strict and respectful, and people are afraid of him at first sight, but as time goes by, he becomes more and more lovable. There must be many people who see his treasures in the world, but even if there are many, he will never tire of him. "Zhu Changwen praised his book: "The points are like falling stones, the paintings are like Xia Yun, the hooks are like bending gold, and the weapons are like crossbows. They are vertical and horizontal, and they are low and ambitious. Since Xi and Xian, there has never been anyone like Gong." It had a profound impact on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. Many famous writers after the Tang Dynasty drew experience from Yan Zhenqing's successful reform. Especially for cursive painting, some famous masters after the Tang Dynasty established their own style by learning from Yan Zhenqing on the basis of learning from the two kings. Su Shi once said: "Poetry is as good as Du Zimei, writing is as good as Han Tuizhi, painting is as good as Wu Daozi, and writing is as good as Yan Lugong. The changes in ancient and modern times have made the world full of things." ("Dongpo Inscription and Postscript") In the Tang Dynasty, Especially after the "Anshi Rebellion", Buddhism and Taoism became popular. Yan Zhenqing was originally familiar with Buddhist and Taoist culture. Since the Qianyuan Dynasty, his contacts with monks and Taoist priests have increased significantly, and he has been enthusiastic about religious activities. Many of his poems, essays, and calligraphy creations are also related to this. During his four years in Fuzhou, he was also enthusiastic about Taoist activities. When he first arrived in Linchuan, he wrote "Ma Fubo Yu" for Taoist Tan Xianyan.
In the first month of the fourth year of the Dali calendar (769), he admired the Taoist king of the Jin Dynasty and Guo Erzhenjun for his unusual practices in Taoism. He sent people to Huagai Mountain in Chongren County to search for his remains. He also rebuilt the altar of Erzhenjun and personally wrote a book "Guo Erzhenjun, King of Huagai Mountain". Altar Inscription". In March, he visited the remains of the Jin Dynasty female Taoist Wei Huacun's Immortal Altar in Jingshan, Linchuan, and wrote the "Inscription of Mrs. Wei's Immortal Altar", praising the contemporaries for their efforts to build more temples. In the same month, he visited the Huagu Immortal Altar in Jingshan and wrote the "Huagu Immortal Altar Stele", which described in detail the Taoist nun Huang Lingwei's cultivation and ascension to immortality in this dynasty. In April, monks Zhiqing and Shiyu, together with Taoist Tan Xianyan, completed the restoration of the Fuzhou Xie Lingyun Sutra Translation Platform. Yan Zhenqing attended the ceremony in person and wrote the book "Baoying Temple Sutra Translation Platform". In March of the sixth year of the Dali calendar (771), Baoying Temple in Linchuan County, Fuzhou established the Luzangyuan and set up a precept altar. Yan Zhenqing wrote an inscription for him personally, praising the origin of the Vinaya transmission. In April, he visited the Immortal Capital Temple in Magu Mountain, Nancheng County, and wrote the book "The Immortal Altar of Magu Mountain, Nancheng County, Fuzhou". He highly praised the magical Taoism of the immortals Wang Fangping and Magu. While he was in Fuzhou, he used his spare time from political affairs to create. In the sixth year of the Dali calendar (771), he compiled the poems and essays he composed into 10 volumes of "Linchuan Collection". Unfortunately, the original collection has been lost, and only one poem related to Linchuan has survived. , 1 judgment and 5 inscriptions, especially "The Story of the Immortal Altar in Magu Mountain, Nancheng County, Fuzhou" is the most famous. The "Ji" is divided into large, medium and small characters. It was originally written in small regular script and carved into a stone tablet and erected in the Magu Mountain Fairy Capital Temple. Later generations also engraved the regular scripts of Mrs. Wei, Zhu Suiliang, Yu Shinan, Ouyang Xun, Xue Ji, Liu Gongquan, Li Yong and others on the back of the stele. This calligraphy stele has been hailed as "the best regular script in the world" by calligraphers of past dynasties and has become a model for copying and studying. Later, it was destroyed several times, and its rubbings were reproduced and handed down to the world. In 1992, Mr. Xu Yinong, a famous seal engraver in Jiangxi and vice chairman of the Provincial Calligraphy Association, engraved it in regular script with large characters and re-erected the monument on Magu Mountain in Nancheng. He is the author of "Wuxing Collection", "Luzhou Collection" and "Linchuan Collection". Yan Zhenqing wrote many steles in his life, and the ones that have been handed down to this day include: "Duobao Pagoda Stele", which has a dignified and compact structure, and is beautiful and colorful; "Dongfang Shuo Painting Praise Stele", which has a clear and powerful style; "Inscription to the Shrine of the Golden Heavenly King", which is dignified and powerful; "Zang Huaike Stele" is majestic and vigorous; "Guo Family Temple Stele" is graceful and smooth; "Magu Immortal Altar Story" is rich and solemn, with a concise structure and full of charm; Yan Zhenqing's largest regular script, the calligraphy is square and steady, without showing the muscles and bones. "Song Jing Stele", also known as "Song Guangping Stele", has broad and vigorous calligraphy; "Baguanzhai Bao De Ji" has a solemn atmosphere; "Yuan Jie Stele" has strong and profound "Qian Lu Zi Shu" is solemn and calm; "Li Xuanjing Stele" has strong calligraphy, but the strokes are thin and different from other inscriptions. "Yan's Family Temple Stele", with rich calligraphy skills, was also his proud work in his later years. Among the handed down ink writings are "Posts for Fighting for Seats", "Manuscripts for Memorials to Nephews", "Posts for Liu Zhong's Envoy", "Posts for Self-address", etc.
[Edit this paragraph] Political career
During the Kaiyuan period (713-741), he was elected as a Jinshi and was promoted to the Imperial Academy. He was appointed as the supervisory censor four times and moved to the palace to serve as the censor. history. Because he was rejected by Yang Guozhong, a powerful official at the time, he was demoted to Pingyuan (now Shandong) as the prefect. It is called Yan Pingyuan. During the reign of Suzong, he went to Fengxiang to be granted the title of Shangshu of the Ministry of Constitution and was promoted to the imperial censor. During the reign of Emperor Daizong, he became the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, the Prince and Grand Master, and was granted the title of Duke of Lu County, and was known as "Gong Yan Lu". In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan, the governor of Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong towns, launched a rebellion. He contacted his brother Yan Gaoqing and raised troops to resist. Seventeen nearby counties responded and was elected as the leader of the alliance. One hundred thousand made Anlushan dare not attack Tongguan in a hurry. In the first year of Xingyuan of Dezong (784), Huaixi Jiedushi Li Xilie rebelled. The traitor Lu Qi took the opportunity to kill him by Li Xilie's hand and sent him to persuade him, but he was hanged by Li Xilie. Upon hearing that Yan Zhenqing had been killed, the officers and soldiers of the three armies burst into tears. Half a year later, the rebel general Li Xilie was killed by his own men, and the rebellion was put down. Only then could Yan Zhenqing's coffin be escorted back to Beijing and buried in the tomb of the Yan family's ancestral home. Emperor Dezong painfully ordered the abolition of the imperial court for eight days, and the whole country mourned. De Zong personally issued an edict in memory of Yan Zhenqing's life as "talented Kuang Guo, loyal to death, physical talent, outstanding public loyalty, traveled to four dynasties, steadfast and determined, endured threats for many years, refused to give up until death, and judged his prosperity." Festival, in fact, is still alive." He has an upright nature, is sincere and honest, has a sense of justice, never succumbs to the powerful, is willing to flatter others, and is famous for his righteousness and righteousness.
" Then he told Yan Zhenqing the story of how Wang Xizhi, the calligraphy sage of the Jin Dynasty, taught his son Wang Xianzhi to practice calligraphy. Finally, he said solemnly: "If there is any 'secret' for learning calligraphy, it is to study hard and practice hard. Remember, those who do not work hard will not achieve anything. " Yan Zhenqing was greatly inspired by the teacher's teachings, and he truly understood the way to learn. From then on, he studied hard, studied with concentration, and learned the charm of brushstrokes from life. He made rapid progress and eventually became a great calligrapher. He is the first of the four great calligraphers
[Edit this paragraph]Main works
1. Praise for the Portrait of Dongfang Shuo
The regular script of "Praise for the Portrait of Dongfang Shuo". There are two works, one is written in small regular script written by Wang Xizhi, and the other is written in large regular script by Yan Zhenqing. The seal on the front of this monument is "Praise and preface by Mr. Dongfang, Taizhong doctor of the Han Dynasty." It was erected in Dezhou in December of the 13th year of Tang Tianbao's reign. Forty-six years old. Su Dongpo once studied this stele and wrote: "Yan Luping wrote stele all his life, but this stele is the only one of Qingxiong's. The clearness and distance between the words are not lost. Later, when I saw Wang Youjun's copy, I realized that the words in this book are similar in size and shape, but they have a good charm. "Ming Dynasty people have said: "The calligraphy is steep and bold, and it is certainly Lu Gong's favorite pen. " 2. Manuscript of memorial to nephew
Cursive script. During the Anshi Rebellion, Yan Gaoqing, the cousin of Duke of Lu, was appointed as the prefect of Changshan County. The rebels advanced and Taiyuan Jiedushi failed to save the troops. As a result, the city was destroyed. Yan Gaoqing and Zi Yan Jiming died. Therefore, the article says: "The thieves and ministers did not save him, and the isolated city surrounded him. The father was trapped and the son died, and the nest collapsed. "After the incident, Lu Gong sent his eldest nephew Quanming to deal with the aftermath, and only got Gao Qing's foot and Ji Ming's skull, which is why he created this work. Lu Gong was fifty years old at the time. His calligraphy writing is always as the person said. Lu Gong is a loyal man. , his life was awe-inspiring, and his spiritual integrity was reflected in his calligraphy. This manuscript is the most popular among book reviewers. Therefore, the writing is full of energy, majestic and vigorous, and the natural beauty is clearly visible. A slightly bald pen is used throughout the text, and the brushwork is smooth and flowing. From the beginning to the end, the seal script has many changes due to the dryness of the ink and the thickening of the ink due to the pause, but it is completed in one go. Zhang Jingyan's postscript in the Yuan Dynasty said: "A letter is not as good as a letter, and a letter is not as good as drafting." The cover is an official work, although the regular script ends in a rope; the letter was written out of a temporary whim, so it was quite indulgent; and the drafting was done unintentionally, because the hand and the palm of the hand were forgetful, which is really wonderful. Yuan Xian Yushu commented on this post as "the second running script in the world".
3. Duobao Pagoda Stele
The full name is "Duobao Pagoda Induction Stele of Qianfu Temple, Xijing, Tang Dynasty", which was created in the 11th year of Tianbao ( 752) It was built on April 20th, with an inscription written by Cen Xun, calligraphy by Yan Zhenqing, inscription on the forehead by Xu Hao, and inscription by Shi Hua. It is now in the Forest of Steles in Xi'an. The inscription is about monk Chu Jin of Longxing Temple in Xijing reciting the Lotus Sutra quietly at night. The Duobao Pagoda appeared in front of him from time to time, and he was determined to turn the Duobao Pagoda in his imagination into reality. In the first year of Tianbao, he selected Qianfu Temple to start construction, and it was completed in Qianfu Temple every year. He wrote the "Lotus Sutra" and "Lotus Sutra" for the emperor and the people every year. The "Bodhisattva Precepts Sutra" has special significance in the history of Buddhism. This stele is Yan Zhenqing's early famous work. The similarities show that while Yan Zhenqing was learning from the calligraphers of his predecessors, he also paid great attention to absorbing nutrients from the folk calligraphy art. The whole text has a strict structure, with black silk columns between the lines, rounded dots, dignified and beautiful strokes. It seems that there is movement in the stillness, and it is a work that inherits the tradition. "Postscript of Calligraphy and Painting": "This is the most stable calligraphy of Lu Gong, and it is also full of beauty and beauty. It is slightly vulgar. It is a modern historian." originator. "
4. The Story of the Immortal Altar of Magu
The full name is "The Story of the Immortal Altar of Magu Mountain in Nancheng County, Fuzhou, Tang Dynasty", regular script. Yan Zhenqing wrote the article and book. In addition to his calligraphy achievements, Yan Zhenqing , and also studied paleontological fossils. In the sixth year of Emperor Dali of the Tang Dynasty (AD 771), Yan Zhenqing was appointed governor of Fuzhou in what is now Jiangxi Province. At a time when his official career was frustrated, he had the intention of asking for Zen. It was April of that year. Yan Zhenqing visited Magu Mountain in Nancheng County and saw some snail and clam shell fossils sandwiched in the stratum near an ancient altar. He carefully studied this phenomenon and put forward his argument: this was once an ocean and later became land. Those fossils are proof.
For this purpose, he wrote a paper "The Immortal Altar of Magu Mountain in Fuzhou Nancheng", describing the events of Magu's attainment of Taoism and becoming an immortal, and carved a stone record of it. It is not only a record of events, but also a reflection of the mood at this time. This stele is majestic and majestic and has always been valued by people. It is one of the representative works of Yan Zhenqing and was created when Yan Zhenqing was in his sixties. At this time, Yan Zhenqing's regular script style has been perfected. Ouyang Xiu said in "Collected Ancient Records": "This stele is strong and tight, especially powerful, and the strokes are all large and small." Later generations often admire only the calligraphy of Yan Gong's stele. , known as "the second book in the world".
5. Yan Qinli Stele
The Tang Dynasty Stone Carving, the full name of which is "The Shinto Stele of Yan Jun, the Governor of Langkui Prefecture, written by the Secretary of the Tang Dynasty", was created by Yan Zhenqing for his great-grandfather Yan Qinli when he was 71 years old. A Shinto monument composed of articles and books. The ancients called the path in front of the tomb and built a stone pillar as a mark, which was called the Shinto, that is, the tombstone. The content of the inscription traces the merits of the ancestors of the Yan family and describes the achievements of later generations in the Tang Dynasty. Except for the descriptions in "Jigulu" and "Jinshilu", there is no mention of it in other books. "Yan Qin Li Stele" is inscribed on all sides, with 19 lines on the top of the stele and 20 lines on the bottom of the stele, with 38 characters in each line. There are 5 lines on the side of the stele with 37 characters in each line, totaling 1,667 characters. The inscription on the left side was erased during the Northern Song Dynasty, and there is no date or year when the monument was erected. The seventh volume of Ouyang Xiu's "Sixty-one Inscriptions and Postscripts" of the Northern Song Dynasty was dated to the 14th year of the Dali calendar (779) by Emperor Li Yu of the Tang Dynasty. Shi Jiu was in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. He was lost during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and his whereabouts are unknown. Unearthed in October 1992 behind the old fankutang in Xi'an (today's Society Road, Xi'an City), this representative work of "Yan Ti" can be seen again after sleeping underground for more than a thousand years. It is now stored in the Forest of Steles of the Shaanxi Provincial Museum and has been designated as a national key protected cultural relic. 6. Ode to Zhongxing. The full name is "Ode to Zhongxing in the Tang Dynasty". It was written in regular script in 771 AD. Yuan Jie wrote the article and Yan Zhenqing wrote it on the cliff when he was sixty-three years old. Carved on a cliff in Wuxi, Qiyang County, Hunan Province, the characters are nearly 14 centimeters in diameter and are rare large characters carved on cliffs in Yan books. Yuan Jie was a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty. After he was dismissed from office, he lived in Wuxi. There are mountains, peaks, and rugged cliffs beside the stream. "Ode to Zhongxing" is engraved on the largest stone wall. This article records the Ping'an Lushan Rebellion and praises the resurgence of the Tang Dynasty. At this moment, the stone calligraphy is majestic and majestic. The stone is hard and has been preserved intact after thousands of years. "Collection of Ancient Records" praised this cliff-carved stone as "the calligraphy is particularly majestic and the diction is elegant." "Guangchuan Book Postscript" commented: "The Taishi used the title of the book to praise You Guiwei, which is highly valued in the past."
7. The Yanjia Temple Monument
The full name is "The Tang Dynasty Tongyi Dafu Xing Xue King Youzhu State presented the Secretary Shaojian Guozi to offer wine to the Prince Shaobao Yanjun Temple Monument and Preface", written by Yan Zhenqing and Book. It was erected in July of the first year of Jianzhong of Tang Dynasty (780). The stele is located in Xi'an, Shaanxi. Zhao Han of the Ming Dynasty's "Graphite Engraving Hua" said: "The knotting method of this book is exactly the same as that of "Praise to the East", with strong integrity and directness, and the faintness of the strokes." Wang Shizhen said: "I have commented on Yan Lugong's "Family Temple Stele" and think it is the best today. Among the officials, there is a person with a jade body and elegant bones, which is the treasure of a real calligrapher."
8. The "Setting Post" is also known as "On the Seat Post". "Book with Guo Pushe", cursive script. It is a manuscript of the letter between Yan Zhenqing and Guo Ying in the second year of Guangde of Tang Dynasty (764). In the Song Dynasty, An Shiwen returned to Chang'an, and he used this stone to create a stone. The stone is now in the Forest of Steles in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, but the ink mark has not been passed down. Su Shi once saw the original work at An's place and praised it: "This calligraphy is even more unique than other calligraphy. It is written with ease and has a gesture of movement." This post is a masterpiece of Yan Zhenqing's cursive calligraphy. Looking at the whole calligraphy, it is consistent, every word belongs to each other, and the tiger and tiger are full of vitality. This manuscript was written by Yan Zhenqing because he was dissatisfied with the arrogance and domineering power of the traitors. Therefore, the whole article is full of momentum, open-minded and open-minded. The words are full of loyalty and loyalty, which shows Yan Zhenqing's strong, upright, simple and honest character. It has been more than a thousand years since it was written, and it is awe-inspiring to read it. This post was originally a draft. The author meditated on the words and sentences. He did not pay attention to the pen and ink, but he wrote it full of vitality and became a masterpiece in the history of calligraphy. In later generations, this post and the "Lanting Preface" were collectively called "Double Bi".
9. Self-script to sue the body
It was written in regular script in 780 (the first year of Jianzhong). In that year, Yan Zhenqing was appointed as the prince's young master, and he wrote "Zi Shu to sue the body". Posts". The calligraphy is vigorous and rigorous, and the small characters are also meticulous and elegant. Zhan Jingfeng said of this book: "The calligraphy is ancient and vigorous, one stroke has the power of a thousand junctures, and the body is made of nature. It makes the transfer as true as the northerners use horses and the southerners use boats. Even in one stroke, it can be rich in three turns."
Dong Qichang said: "There are very few extraordinary and bold works in this volume." "You can feel the charm of Yan calligraphy and the subtle changes in structure between the lines of this post. It is a rare good example for future generations to learn regular script.
10. Qi Mi Post
" "Begging for rice" was written in 765 AD, during a severe drought in Guanzhong, floods in the south of the Yangtze River, and agricultural harvest failure. As a result, Yan Zhenqing had to ask his colleague Li Taibao for help. "It benefits Shaomi and helps people work hard." When talking about the reason for his embarrassment, he also bluntly said that it was because he was "bad at making money." That is to say, apart from his salary, he did not know how to generate income or profit, and there was no other way to make money. . The famous artist Huang Shang said: "Looking at Lu Gong's "Begging for Rice", I know that he is not ashamed of his poverty and humbleness, so he can keep the Tao and never give in despite difficulties. The upright spirit comes from sincerity, which is no different from its font. "("Xishan Collection") Mi Fu also commented on it as "the most brilliant one. Thinking about his loyalty and righteousness makes him angry, frustrated and frustrated. His meaning is not in words, his innocence is revealed, it lies in this book." Indeed, "Qi Mi Tie" is not only The priceless treasure in the art of calligraphy is also the spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. Studying "Qi Mi Tie" can give us a double enjoyment, not only appreciating the true meaning of Yan Lugong's calligraphy art, but also being influenced by his high integrity.
11. General Pei's stele
It is 64 centimeters long, 33 centimeters wide and 12 centimeters thick. It is neither official nor official, neither seal nor official. The first line is engraved with "General Pei". "Three words, with Yan Zhenqing's name engraved at the end; in the middle is engraved the powerful and dangerous five-character "Poetry of General Pei". The whole poem is eighteen lines and nine crosses. The full text of the poem is: "The great monarch controls Liuhe, The fierce general Qing Jiugai. War horses are like dragons and tigers, how majestic is Teng Ling! The general is approaching the northern wilderness, showing off his talents. The sword dances like lightning, lingering and returning with the wind. Climb high and look at Tianshan Mountain, where the white snow is shining on Cui Wei. Enter the battle to defeat the arrogant prisoners, and your majesty is thunderous. A hundred horses will be knocked down with one shot, and ten thousand men will be driven away by another shot. The Huns did not dare to fight and called each other to return. "Success is rewarded to the emperor, and you can paint Lintai." The poem's words are full of energy and every word is compelling. After reading it, people can't help but respect Yan Zhenqing's singing of Pei Min's thunder and lightning, and the leaping momentum of Qijie. Look at it. This combination of regular script and seal script is majestic and majestic, making people feel fierce and heroic. Furthermore, the composition is rigorous and the font structure is unique. Diverse; "Sword Dance", "One Shot", "Dare not", "Go Back" and other words. The writing style is coherent and integrated, which makes people marvel. No wonder Su Shi of the Song Dynasty praised Yan Zi: "Poetry." Stop at Du Zimei. The book ends with Yan Lugong." This is indeed a very accurate evaluation. To this day, its artistic life still shines brightly in the garden of calligraphy art.
12. Poems to encourage learning
"Encouragement to Study" (Tang Dynasty) Yan Zhenqing lights up at the third watch and the chicken at the fifth watch. It is the time for men to study. Black hair does not know how to study early, but white heads regret that they study late. Note: It is about dawn. , the cock crows. Black hair: youth, refers to young people. White head: old people, refers to old people. Translation: It refers to hard-working people and diligent students who are still working and studying in the middle of the night. The lights were still on. Not long after I turned off the lights and lay down to rest for a while, the rooster crowed at five o'clock, and these hard-working people had to get up and get busy again. This poem warns us: When you are young, you don't know how to study hard, but when you are old, you just study. It’s late. Explanation: The best time for boys to study is between midnight and the time when they are young. We must study diligently. There are also "Suo Jing Stele" and other works handed down from generation to generation.
[Edit this paragraph] Yan Zhenqing: The Military Career of a Master of Calligraphy
Civil and military achievements swept across the Yan and Zhao Dynasties. Yan Zhenqing, a man of integrity, has been praised for his calligraphy from generation to generation. In fact, his efforts in the ups and downs of his political career are also praised by others. However, becoming an official in the government will inevitably make him the target of public criticism, and Yan Zhenqing cannot escape this disaster after all. Lu Qi used the hands of the rebel Li Xilie to kill him. He stayed in the plains and led his army to defeat Anlu Mountain. Yan Zhenqing, named Qingchen, was originally from Linyi, Shandong. He lost his father when he was three years old and was raised by his mother.
Throughout his life, he served in four dynasties: Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong. At the age of twenty-six, he won the Jinshi Scholarship, and was promoted to Zhike (an examination subject temporarily set up by the imperial court to seek talents with expertise in leisure), and successfully embarked on an official career. In 750 AD, Yan Zhenqing was transferred from the supervisory censor to the imperial censor, and served in the Chaoyuan, one of the three courts under the Yushitai. During this period, Yushi Jiwen framed Yushi Zhongcheng Song Hun (son of Prime Minister Song Jing) out of personal grudges. Yan Zhenqing then said: "Why do you want to endanger Song Jing's queen in a moment of anger?" Prime Minister Yang Guozhong and his party members sent him to him. He was ostracized as a dissident, and in 753 AD (the twelfth year of Tianbao) he was transferred out of the capital and demoted to the post of governor of Pingyuan. Pingyuan County is under the jurisdiction of Anlu Mountain. When the Anlu Mountain rebellion first emerged, Yan Zhenqing secretly built a high city wall, dug deep trenches beside the wall, recruited strong men, and stored grain and grass to prevent it. On the surface, he made daily arrangements with The guests go boating and drink, giving the impression of not caring about worldly affairs. In 755 AD (the fourteenth year of Tianbao), Anlushan rebelled. Except for Pingyuan City, which was well defended, all the 24 counties in Hebei Province fell. During the fight against Anlushan, Yan Zhenqing expanded the original 3,000 troops to 10,000, selected commanders and good generals, and made an appointment with his cousin Yan Gaoqing, the prefect of Changshan (now Zhengding, Hebei), to fight against Anlushan. , Yan Gaoqing crusaded against the rebels behind Anlu Mountain. Yan Zhenqing was promoted as the leader of the alliance and commanded 200,000 troops to sweep across Yan and Zhao. In 756 AD (the fifteenth year of Tianbao), he assisted Li Guangbi, the governor of Hedong Province, in attacking the rebels. In 756 AD, after Li Heng, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, ascended the throne, he became Suzong. Yan Zhenqing became Hebei's envoy again. An Lushan took advantage of Suzong's opportunity to divert troops from Hebei, took advantage of the opportunity to attack Hebei, and surrounded Tan. In October, Yan Zhenqing was forced to abandon the county. He met the emperor in 757 AD and was appointed Minister of Xianbu (Ministry of Punishments), and was later promoted to Yushi Dafu. Killing with a borrowed knife, Prime Minister Lu Qi used a poisonous plan. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned to decline, and the situation of separatist vassal towns emerged. After Daizong's death, his son Li Shi ascended the throne as Dezong, but the real power was controlled by Prime Minister Lu Qi. Lu Qi has always been jealous of Yan Zhenqing's talent and integrity. In 782 AD, Tang Dezong wanted to change the autocratic situation of the feudal towns, but triggered a rebellion in the feudal towns. Among them, Li Xilie, the governor of Huaixi Province, had the strongest military force. He claimed to be the marshal of the world and attacked the court, which shocked the government and the public. Tang Dezong consulted Prime Minister Lu Qi. Lu Qi wanted to take the opportunity to eliminate Yan Zhenqing, so he said: "It doesn't matter. As long as you send a highly respected minister to persuade them, the rebellion can be quelled without using a knife or a shot." Lu Qi recommended it. The old prince and grand master Yan Zhenqing. At this time, Yan Zhenqing was already an old man in his seventies. Civil and military officials were worried about his safety when they heard that the imperial court sent him to the rebel town to persuade. However, Yan Zhenqing didn't care and rushed to Huaixi with a few followers. When Li Mian, a clan member of the Tang Dynasty, heard about this incident, he felt that the court would lose a senator, so he secretly submitted a petition to keep him, and sent someone to pick him up on the road, but he failed to catch up. Mighty and unyielding, dying to prove his ambition and eternal hatred. When Li Xilie heard that Yan Zhenqing was coming, he wanted to give him a blow. During the meeting, more than a thousand of his generals and adopted sons gathered inside and outside the hall. As soon as Yan Zhenqing started to persuade Li Xilie to stop the rebellion, the generals and adopted sons rushed up, all holding bright sharp knives in their hands. They surrounded Yan Zhenqing and cursed and threatened him. But Yan Zhenqing remained calm and sneered at them. Li Xilie then ordered people to retreat. Then, he sent Yan Zhenqing to the post house in an attempt to slowly soften him. The leaders of the rebel town sent envoys to contact Li Xilie and persuade him to ascend the throne and proclaim himself emperor. Li Xilie hosted a banquet for them and invited Yan Zhenqing to attend. When the envoys sent by the rebel town saw Yan Zhenqing coming, they all congratulated Li Xilie and said, "I have long heard that Grand Master Yan is highly virtuous and highly respected. Now the Marshal is about to ascend the throne and proclaim himself emperor. Just when the Grand Master comes here, doesn't he have a ready-made prime minister? Yan Zhenqing raised his eyebrows and cursed at the rebel envoy: "What kind of prime minister is not a prime minister! I am almost eighty years old and I am not afraid of being killed or chopped into pieces. Am I going to be tempted by you or afraid of your threats?" He had no choice but to lock Yan Zhenqing up and send soldiers to monitor him. The soldiers dug a pit measuring one foot square in the yard and threatened to bury Yan Zhenqing alive in the pit.
The next day, Li Xilie came to see him. Yan Zhenqing said to Li Xilie: "My life and death have been decided, so why bother playing these tricks. Wouldn't it be nice if you cut me with a knife?" A year later, Li Xilie claimed to be the Emperor of Chu, and again The generals were sent to force Yan Zhenqing to surrender. The soldiers piled firewood in the yard where Yan Zhenqing was imprisoned, poured enough oil on it, and threatened Yan Zhenqing: "If you don't surrender, I will burn you in the fire!" Yan Zhenqing jumped into the fire without saying a word. The rebel generals stopped him and reported to Li Xilie. On August 23, 785, Li Xilie tried his best to make Yan Zhenqing surrender, so he sent someone to hang him. He died at the age of 77.