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how should calligraphy and painting be kept?
Because calligraphy and painting are based on rice paper, silk, silk, etc., it is easy to be damaged by insects after a long time, and it is even more afraid of humidity and dryness. Compared with other cultural relics, it is more delicate. In order to prolong its life to the maximum, it is very important to protect painting and calligraphy.
Here are some basic knowledge:
First, paintings and calligraphy should not be hung on damp and greasy walls.
second, pay attention to the firmness of the hanging nail first. The method of hanging pictures is very particular. Hold the picture fork with your right hand, hook the center of the tapestry belt of calligraphy and painting, and hold the middle part of the picture with your left hand, with the big finger and the little finger inside and the middle finger outside. As the picture fork is raised, hold the left finger loose, unfold it slowly, and then leave your hand after hanging it. When picking a picture, the left hand and the right hand are in the same posture as the hanging picture. After taking it off, put it flat on the case, and pay attention to the neat and tight roll when rolling the painting. If it's two people, one of them holds the pole, and the other holds the shaft heads on both sides and slowly rolls up. If the picture is too wide for both hands to hold, you can hold the middle part of the picture with one hand and half, and roll the picture with the other hand. Attention should be paid to the person holding the pole to hold the painting high, and the painter should hold it low to avoid breaking the core of the painting.
Third, the exhibition scroll must be on the console table, and the surface of the desk should be clean, and dust should be bounced off to wipe off filth, and ink bottles and the like should be kept away from the console table. When reading, you should put the sash and pin on the head of the bag smoothly, and then put your thumbs inside and four fingers outside, and roll with the exhibition. Don't touch the picture with two fingers to prevent the unexpanded part of the tail from falling to the ground. When winding, adjust the inclination with both hands at any time. When winding is finished, hold the outer pole with one hand, put the hand roll vertically on the case, and press the side with the palm of one hand to roll the picture tightly.
fourth, album, open your face, insert your four fingers in the fold on the back of the two pages, and slowly lift them up and read them. Avoid touching the front of the drawing page. If it is a loose page, you should open it one by one and read it in sequence, and don't take it out casually. In addition to the above basic methods and knowledge,
you should pay attention to:
1. Wear thin cotton gloves.
2. When working (touching calligraphy and painting), remember to avoid the picture when talking and coughing.
3. Look at pictures and take pictures. Smoking is the most taboo. And fireworks are strictly prohibited throughout the room.
4. You can't look at the painting at the air outlet. You can close the window in time in the outdoor wind.
5. When lead returns to the ground and colored parts of calligraphy and painting, especially in figure painting, the face is grayish black after lead return, which can be wiped with a small brush (new oil painting pen or writing brush) dipped in hydrogen peroxide. If the lead return is too heavy, wipe it for the second time after the first drying, and repeat it several times to eliminate it.
6. The calligraphy and painting should be packed outside, and the length should be classified, with 1 pieces in each package as the best. Paper, cotton and foam should be used for padding between the shaft heads, and rope or hemp rope should be used at both ends and in the middle, and tied firmly in a cross shape. The outer packing is wrapped in kraft paper, oil paper or drain paper, plastic paper, etc. to protect against rain and humidity.
7, calligraphy and painting must be stored at a certain temperature and humidity, and keep the air circulating. The easel bookcase shall be kept half a foot above the ground. Take it out and air it once a year in autumn and late season.
8. Calligraphy and painting are easy to be eaten by insects and rats. In places where calligraphy and painting are preserved, food must not be left behind to avoid attracting insects and rats.
9, calligraphy and painting storage, generally divided into categories by year, with flowers and birds, figures, landscapes, and strokes numbered according to the author's surname. The name of the painting, the author, the texture and the size are included in the business card, which is recorded scientifically and in detail. This is not only applicable to national collection units, but also personal collections can be kept and filed in this way in a more formal way to facilitate the search.
1. The fragments in the broken paintings and calligraphy can't be lost, so they should be uncovered and repaired in time. The longer you put it, the worse it will be for calligraphy and painting. Fu Zi, which is specially used for packing hand-rolls, is more fashionable when it is dry, and it is often used in the collection of the imperial palace, and it is affixed with the inscription of the imperial palace, which is very interesting. Today's people can follow suit.
11. If a calligraphy and painting is found to be damp and moldy, it should be hung in a well-ventilated place as soon as possible, but it can't be exposed to direct sunlight and slightly moldy. You can flick it off with a duster. If the moldy phenomenon is serious, it should be re-mounted and repaired.
12. Calligraphy and painting can't be hung for a long time, otherwise it will be deformed. Collectors should hang their works in rotation, which will be fresh from the perspective of appreciation and at the same time protect calligraphy and painting.
13. The warehouse dedicated to painting and calligraphy should be kept at a certain temperature and humidity, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pests and molds. Scientific experiments have proved that the growth and reproduction of pests and molds are directly related to the humidity and temperature in the air. When the temperature is below 1℃, most pests will stop developing and reproducing, and when the relative humidity is below 65%, molds will lose the possibility of normal growth and development. Therefore, the temperature in the painting and calligraphy library should be controlled between 1-18℃, and the relative humidity should be controlled between 5% and 6%. Why is the relative humidity required to be at the lower safety limit of 5%? Because calligraphy and painting are hygroscopic substances, they are very allergic to excessive drying and are easy to dry. Paintings and calligraphy are mounted with adhesives such as flour paste. When dried to a certain extent, the adhesives become brittle due to drying, which will cause physical deterioration of paintings and calligraphy. If the relative humidity drops below 45% for a long time, paintings and calligraphy will be damaged, so the safe lower limit of relative humidity of 5% is a strict humidity limit.
14. The painting and calligraphy library should first choose a well-ventilated and dry building, and should not choose the bottom and top floors. Don't roll up the paintings and calligraphy after being damp, so as to avoid mildew.
15. To prevent moisture, desiccant can be used to absorb moisture, that is, general solid silica gel, which can absorb .4-.5 kg of water per kilogram. After moisture absorption, it is still solid, with no moisture, no melting, no pollution, no corrosion, no side effects on calligraphy and painting, stable properties and long-term use. Multi-purpose repellent for painting and calligraphy, which is volatile and has special odor and toxicity, is put into a sealed painting cabinet (box) to keep the gas emitted by the medicine at a certain concentration around the painting and calligraphy, so as to kill pests or make them afraid to approach. Naphthalene (C1H8) is commonly used. Pure naphthalene is white crystalline powder or flake, with stable chemical properties, volatility and high concentration, which can kill insects. There are also naphthalene pills (that is, health balls), which are wrapped in paper to prevent contact with paintings and calligraphy. Camphor essence (C1H16) is also used, and its pure product is colorless and volatile. In addition, benzene dichloride (C6H4CI2) is used, which is five times as effective as naphthalene and has great insecticidal ability. When it is used, it is put into a bottle, and the mouth of the bottle is sealed with gauze to reduce the volatilization speed. Never directly touch calligraphy and painting works. Remember! !