Western Han Dynasty (26 BC-AD 25)
The Western Han Dynasty was one of the more powerful empires in China's history. The rulers devoted their main energy to agricultural development. Throughout the ages, the policy of "rest with the people" has been implemented, and the people have ample food and clothing and live and work in peace and contentment, so the politics of the Han Dynasty has been relatively stable. During the reign of Emperor Wudi, Minister Dong Zhongshu put forward the proposal of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", which was adopted by Emperor Wudi. Since then, Confucianism and Confucianism have formed the general plan of governing the country that has been followed by Chinese dynasties since the Han Dynasty. Due to the political and economic stability, handicrafts, commerce, humanities and arts and natural sciences have all developed by leaps and bounds. With the improvement of science and technology, the production efficiency of handicraft industry in the Western Han Dynasty, which is mainly based on metallurgy and textile, has been greatly improved. Taking textile as an example, there are embroidery machines close to molding in the Western Han Dynasty, which is enough to show that some of the production at that time was separated from pure manual labor, which improved the productivity. The development of handicraft industry has promoted the prosperity of commerce, and many commercial cities have been formed with Chang 'an as the center, and diplomatic and commercial exchanges with West Asian countries have been opened up through the Silk Road. In the field of humanities and arts in the Han Dynasty, an outstanding great historian-Sima Qian appeared. He completed the first general history "Historical Records" in China, which was praised by later generations as "the swan song of historians, leaving Sao without rhyme". In addition, the artistic level of the Han Dynasty has reached a fairly high level. Judging from some cultural relics unearthed from the Han tombs in recent years, their fine workmanship and exquisite craftsmanship are no less than today. For example, the pottery figurines with hoes unearthed in Guanghan, Sichuan, and the wooden boat model of Han Dynasty unearthed in Guangzhou are all rare art treasures with fine workmanship.
since the founding of emperor Liu bang in the western Han dynasty, China was once a powerful and rich empire. Therefore, the Western Han Dynasty was regarded as the first revival in China's history.
Emperor Gaozu (Liu Bang) was born in 256 BC-died in 195 BC (reigned for 11 years)
Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, born in a peasant family, was opposed to the Qin uprising in Chen Sheng, and Liu Bang responded by calling himself "Pei Gong". In the first 26 years, Liu Bang invaded Xianyang, and then competed with Xiang Yu for the world. After four years, Liu Bang claimed to be "Pei Gong". The Han Dynasty was established in the first 22 years, which was called "Western Han Dynasty" in history. Liu Bang reigned for 12 years and died in the first 195 years at the age of 62.
Hui Di (Liu Ying) was born in 211 BC-died in 188 BC (reigned for 7 years)
Liu Ying, son of Liu Bang, mother of Lv Hou (pheasant). Liu Ying is weak and Lv Hou is authoritarian. He was in office for 8 years and died in the first 188 years at the age of 24.
Lv Hou (Lv Zhi) was born in 241 BC-died in 18 BC (reigned for 8 years)
Lv Hou, surnamed Lu Mingluo, was the wife of Liu Bang. She is Liu Bangding's right-hand man in the world. After Liu Bang's death, Hui Dili and Lv Hou came to power. She was cruel and ambitious. After Hui Di's death, she successively elected Liu Gong and ricas as emperors, and held real power by herself, thus sealing the Lushi family. She died 18 years ago at the age of 62. After his death, the Lushi family was wiped out by Chen Ping and zhou bo.
Wendi (Liu Heng) was born in 22 BC-died in 157 BC (reigned for 23 years).
Wendi Liu Heng was the fourth son of Liu Bang. 22 years ago, Lv Hou died and Liu Heng acceded to the throne. After he ascended the throne, he weakened the power of the vassals, reduced farmers' taxes, emphasized production, and promoted the recovery and development of social economy. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was also a very thrifty emperor. He wore coarse silk himself, but his concubine clothes could not mop the floor, and the only funerary objects he built were pottery. He died 157 years ago at the age of 46.
Emperor Jing (Liu Qi) was born in 188 BC-died in 141 BC (reigned for 16 years)
Emperor Jing was the son of Emperor Wen. After the accession to the throne, the rebellion of the seven countries of Wu and Chu was put down, and the unified centralized rule of the Han Dynasty was greatly strengthened. Jingdi continued to carry out the policy of reducing taxes and corvee and resting with the people. Formed the "rule of cultural scene" in history. Jingdi died 141 years ago at the age of 48.
Emperor Wu (Liu Che) was born in 157 BC-died in 87 BC (reigned for 54 years)
Emperor Wu was the ninth son of Emperor Jing. Emperor Wu continued to strengthen centralization in politics, and successively took away a large number of kings and marquises. He waged a long-term war with Xiongnu, taking Wei Qing and Huo Qubing as generals successively, and defeated Xiongnu repeatedly. Emperor Wu was the most powerful period of the Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu died in the first 87 years at the age of 71.
Emperor Zhao (Liu Fuling) was born in 95 BC-died in 74 BC (reigned for 13 years)
Emperor Zhao Liu Fuling, the youngest son of Emperor Wu. Emperor Zhao ordered many times to lighten the people's burden, and handled the relationship with Xiongnu properly. Emperor Zhao died 74 years ago at the age of 21.
Xuan Di (Liu Bingyi) was born in 91 BC-died in 49 BC (reigned for 25 years)
Liu Bingyi, Xuan Di, an inquiry, was the great-grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his grandfather Liu Zhi and his father Liu Jin. Emperor Zhao had no children, but Liu Bingyi made it. When Emperor Xuandi was proclaimed, the dominant position of Confucianism was further established. He ordered many times to lighten the burden on the people. History says that "the rule of filial piety, reward and punishment, can be described as ZTE." He died 49 years ago at the age of 43.
Yuan Di (Liu Shi) was born in 75 BC-died in 33 BC (reigned for 16 years)
Liu Shi, Yuan Di, was the son of Xuandi. After the accession to the throne, the Queen was granted a family of five Sima and more than ten Hou, which laid the curse of the exclusive rights of consorts. In Yuan Di, Wang Zhaojun was sent to the Huns, but in Yuan Di, the national strength of the Han Dynasty began to weaken. Yuan Di died 33 years ago at the age of 43.
Emperor Liu Ao was born in 52 BC-died in 7 BC (reigned for 26 years)
Emperor Liu Ao, son of Yuan Di. When he became emperor, the Han dynasty declined, and his consorts were authoritarian. Yuan Di drank and had fun with Zhao Feiyan all day long. He died seven years ago at the age of 46.
Aidi (Liu Xin) Born: 26 years before Yuan Dynasty-Died: 1 year before Yuan Dynasty (reigned for 6 years)
Aidi Liu Xin, the grandchild of Yuan Di, was the nephew of Emperor Cheng. When mourning for the emperor, the social contradictions sharpened, but mourning for the emperor only believed in the heaven and earth of ghosts and gods, and favored Toy Boy and Dong Xian, resulting in follwed autocracy. Aidi died a year ago at the age of 26.
pingdi (Liu Kan) was born in 9 years before Yuan Dynasty-died in 5 years (reigned for 5 years)
pingdi Liu Kan, grandchild of Yuan Di, filial piety of Zhongshan and Liu Xingzi. He was 9 years old when he acceded to the throne. Wang Mang is in power. In 5 AD, he was poisoned by Wang Mang. At the age of 14.
Ruzi (Liu Ying) was born in the 5th year-died in the 25th year (reigned for 2 years)
Ruziying, the great-grandson of Xuan Di and the son of Liu Xian. I was only 2 years old when I acceded to the throne. In 8 AD, Wang Mang stood on his own feet, and in 25 AD, the boy was killed at the age of 21.
New Dynasty (9 AD-23 AD)
Emperor Wang Mang, nephew of Emperor Wang and Empress of the Western Han Dynasty. Born in 45 BC. When Han became emperor, Wang's family were all Hou, and Wang Mang was good at gaining profits and gradually took control of the state affairs. In 9 AD, Wang Mang became emperor on his own, and his title was "new", which was called "new dynasty" in history. The year number is "the founding of the People's Republic of China". In 14 AD, it was renamed Tianfeng, and in 2 AD, it was renamed Dihuang.
after Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor, he implemented "restructuring". However, Wang Mang's "Tuogu restructuring" was a complete failure, which not only failed to ease social contradictions, but also caused social and economic chaos. Finally aroused the great uprising of the peasants in the green forest and red eyebrows. In 23 AD, in Kunyang, Wang Mang's army was defeated by the army of Emperor Gengshi. In the same year, greenwood hero with red eyebrows invaded Chang 'an, and Wang Mang was killed. He was in office for 15 years and died at the age of 68.
Eastern Han Dynasty (25-22)
Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu destroyed Wang Mang. Move the capital to Luoyang. Finally, Liu Xie, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was given ***12. In the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, it was completely controlled by eunuchs and consorts alternately. Cause social unrest and political instability. Eventually split the country and die.
in the 25th year, with the help of greenwood hero, Liu Xiu defeated the usurper Wang Mang by force and won the throne. Liu Xiujian's capital is Luoyang, and the year number is Jianwu, which is for Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. In the second year of Jianwu, Emperor Guangwu ordered the rectification of official management, and set up six ministers to take charge of state affairs, in order to further weaken the authority of the three fairs (Qiu, Situ and Sikong); Check the land and gradually stabilize people's lives. By the middle of the 1st century A.D., the Eastern Han Dynasty had gradually recovered its former Han Dynasty's strength after three generations of governance by Emperor Guangwu, Ming Di (reigned in 58-76) and Emperor Zhang (reigned in 76-89), and this period was called "Rejuvenation of Guangwu" by later generations. However, due to the young age of the emperor, the pattern of eunuch and consorts in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was formed.
In 22 AD, Cao Pi, the second son of Cao Cao, forced Xian Di to abdicate, and the Eastern Han Dynasty declared its demise, which was followed by another long-term division period in China history-the Three Kingdoms Period. .
in the early eastern Han dynasty, the regime further strengthened its integration with local forces, which made the country tend to be stable and surpassed the level of the western Han dynasty in economy, culture, science and technology. In 15 AD, Cai Lun reformed the manufacturing technology of paper on the basis of predecessors, which made the way of writing record in China break away from the era of using bamboo slips. Another contribution of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the later generations was the development of pottery industry, which brought some articles that used to be exclusive to the rich and noble into the homes of ordinary people.
In natural science, Zhang Heng has made scientific instruments such as "armillary sphere" and "seismograph" with superb technology, and the principles of making these instruments are still widely used. In addition, Hua Tuo, a famous doctor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the first surgeon who used anesthesia technology to perform surgical treatment on patients. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, calligraphy and painting had not only been used as characters and graphic symbols, but their artistic status was gradually revealed. Although the number of works of art handed down from the Eastern Han Dynasty today is small, we can still get a glimpse of Chinese culture from them.
Emperor Guangwu (Liu Xiu) was born: 6 years before Yuan Dynasty-died: 57 AD (reigned for 32 years)
Emperor Guangwu, surnamed Liu Mingxiu, was named Uncle Wen. The ninth grandson of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. After joining the Greenwood Rebel Army, he defeated Wang Mang's army in Kunyang. In 25 years, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor. He died in 57 AD at the age of 64.
Ming Di (Liu Zhuang) was born in 28 AD-died in 75 AD (reigned for 18 years)
Ming Di, the fourth son of Liu Xiu. When Ming Di was in office, the bureaucracy was strict, taxes were less, and people's lives were stable. He died in 75 at the age of 48. Ming Di built the White Horse Temple in Luoyang, which is the first Buddhist temple established when Buddhism was introduced into China, and it still exists today.
Emperor Zhang (Liu Wei) was born in 58 AD-died in 88 AD (reigned for 13 years)
Emperor Zhang, the fifth son of Ming Di. Emperor Zhang was "good at Confucianism" and practiced the policy of self-cultivation with the people, resulting in an increase in population. During his reign, Ban Chao was a teacher in the Western Regions. Emperor Zhang was also a calligrapher, especially good at cursive script, which was later called "Zhangcao". He died in 1988 at the age of 31.
He Di (Liu Zhao) was born in 79 AD-died in 15 AD (reigned for 17 years)
He Di Liu Zhao, the fourth son of Zhang Di, was only 1 years old when he acceded to the throne, and was ruled by Dou Taihou, and his consort Dou Xian held the real power. After killing Dou Xian came to power. He reigned for 18 years and died in 15. At the age of 27.
Shang Di (Liu Long) was born in a.d. 15-died in a.d. 16 (reigned for one year)
Shang Di, the youngest son of He Di, was just a month old when he ascended the throne, and died in the throne for eight months.
Andy (Liu Hu) was born in 94 AD-died in 125 AD (reigned for 19 years)
Andy Liu Hu, grandson of Zhang Di, was only 13 years old when he ascended the throne, and Empress Dowager Deng came to power. The queen mother came to power after her death. During the Andi period, politics was dark and social contradictions were sharp. He died in 125 at the age of 32.
Shundi (Liu Bao) was born in 114 AD-died in 144 AD (reigned for 19 years)
Shundi Liu Bao, son of Andi. Shundi came to power with the support of eunuchs, and the state affairs were dominated by eunuchs. Politics is becoming increasingly corrupt. He ordered eunuchs to adopt sons and be knighted hereditary. Later, eunuchs colluded with their consorts, making politics more corrupt. Shundi died in 144 at the age of 3.
Emperor Chong (Liu Bing) was born in 143 A.D.-died in 145 A.D. (reigned for one year)
Emperor Chong Liu Bing, son of Shundi, died at the age of three after half a year in office.
Emperor Zhi (Liu Zuan) was born in 138 AD-died in 146 AD (reigned for one year)
Emperor Zhi Liu Zuan, the great-grandson of Emperor Zhang, was the son of Bohai Xiaowang Liu Hong. He was 8 years old when he acceded to the throne, but he was quite clever. Said that general Liang Yi was a "domineering general" and was poisoned by Liang Yi. He was nine years old.
Emperor Huan (Liu Zhi) was born in 132 AD-died in 167 AD (reigned for 21 years)
Emperor Huan Liu Zhi was the great grandson of Emperor Zhang. Li Wu, son of Hou Liuyi. Emperor Huan was 15 when he ascended the throne, and his consorts took power. Later, he relied on eunuchs to kill Liang Yi, his consort, and then he was ruled by eunuchs. Emperor Huan died in 167 at the age of 36.
Emperor Ling (Liu Hong) was born in 156 AD-died in 189 AD (reigned for 21 years)
Emperor Ling Liu Hong, great-grandson of Emperor Zhang, died childless, and Liu Hong ascended the throne. The spirit emperor was in a foul atmosphere, and the eunuchs dominated the state affairs, calling them "ten constant attendants." Emperor Ling often said, "Zhang Changshi is my father and Zhao Changshi is my mother. During the reign of Emperor Ling, people were in poverty, officials were bought and sold, and social contradictions intensified. Finally, in 184, the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising broke out. Lingdi died in 189 at the age of 33.
Xian Di (Liu Xie) was born in a.d. 181-died in a.d. 234 (reigned for 31 years)
Liu Xie, Xian Di, the son of Emperor Ling, was 9 years old when he ascended the throne, and Dong Zhuo was in power. Later, Cao Cao welcomed Xian Di to Xuchang. In 22, Cao Cao died, Cao Pi became emperor on his own, and the State of Wei was established. Han died, and Liu Xie was demoted to Shanyanggong and died in 234, at the age of 54. Xian Di has never been in charge of state affairs.