Weng Juan was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Words continue to be ancient, and words are refreshing. Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang) people. The year of birth and death is unknown. Household cloth. Among the "Yongjia Four Spirits", middle age is the highest.
Liu Kezhuang criticized the "Four Spirits" and said: "Yongjia poets tried their best to meet the princes of Jia Dao and Yao He" (preface to Guapu Collection), but made another comment on Weng Juan. In Zhi Zhi, he said, "You are not only good at tang style, but also good at choosing sports workers. Sometimes a thousand years, only in a couplet. " At present, there are only a few ancient poems in our collection of poems, such as Hakka Ji, seeing Liu several ways, picking herbs in the mountains and rewarding friends. The five-character poems of Han and Wei Dynasties in Selected Works are cool, but they lack personal characteristics. More modern poetry. Some of the seven wonders are quite beautiful, such as Wild Hope: "One day, the autumn is cold and sunny, and countless peaks are far and near." I went up the mountain to see the wildfire, but suddenly I saw the green hills under the water. The song "April in the Country" is more well known: "The mountains and plains are all green, and the rain is like smoke in the sound of rules. "In April, when there were few idle people in rural areas, we planted sericulture and farmed. It's quite fresh and far away.
He is the author of Collection of Western Words 1 Volume, a book of Southern Song Dynasty. The Collection of Wei Bixuan has a volume of Congke of Yongjia Poets' Ancestral Temple. These two episodes are different from each other.
Poetry Name: April in the countryside Author: Dynasty: Song Style: Four Unique Types: Pastoral
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Country April
The mountains and plains are all green, and the sound of Zigui is raining like smoke.
In April, there were few idle people in the countryside, and sericulture was planted in the fields.
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Precautions:
This poem describes the scene of early summer in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River in a simple way. The first two sentences focus on the scenery of Qingyuan, Shirakawa, Zigui and misty rain, and a few strokes outline the unique scenery of the water town in early summer. The last two sentences are about people, and the image of farmers transplanting rice in paddy fields is mainly highlighted on the screen, thus highlighting the tension and busyness of labor in April in the countryside. Call before and answer after, interweaving into a colorful picture.
Fan Chengda (1126-1193) was called a Shi Hu layman. People from Wuxian County, Pingjiang (this county is now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Poets in Southern Song Dynasty. His parents died young and his family was poor. In the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 154), he was a scholar, first awarded Hu Cao, then served as a supervisory and agency bureau, and served as a magistrate in the government. He was sent to the Jin Dynasty and lived as a scholar in the palace of Lang and a fake senior minister. In order to change the etiquette of accepting Guo Xu's imperial edict and ask for Henan's "Mausoleum", he was generous, not afraid of rape, and was killed several times and returned without disgrace. Later, he served as CEO of Jingjiang, Xiandu and Jiankang. In Xichun, the official took part in political affairs. Because of disagreement with Xiaozong, he left his job two months later. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in his hometown of Shihu. The death of Wen Mu. He is as famous as You Mao, Yang Wanli and Lu You, and is known as the "Four Poets of ZTE". He sent people from Jiangxi, then studied poetry in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realistic spirit of poets such as Bai Juyi, Wang Jian and Zhang Ji, and finally became his own family. His poems have a wide range of themes, simple style, freshness and charm. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and the works that reflect the content of rural social life have the highest achievements. On his way to Shanxi, he wrote 72 quatrains such as Qingyuan Store, Qiao Zhou and Shuangmiao, which reflected the painful life and national feelings of the northern people. Patriotic feelings are passionate and tragic. His Rent Collection Bank, Post Rent Collection Bank, Reeling Bank and Lao She Geng exposed the cruelty of feudal exploitation and sympathized with the people's suffering. In his later years, he wrote 60 pieces of "Four Seasons Pastoral Fun", describing rural scenery, local customs and farmers' life. The style is fresh and lively, beautiful and smooth, full of charm, with the characteristics of folk songs, and it is a master of ancient pastoral poetry. This kind of poem had a great influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His prose was also famous at that time. Ci is close to Qin Guan, and his later works are close to Su Shi. Fan Chengda's works had a significant influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "the sword is in the south and the lake is in the lake". For example, one of the songs "Summer" said: "You go out during the day and perform well at night, and the children in the village take care of each other. Children and grandchildren are not prepared to farm and weave, but also learn to grow melons in mulberry shade. " Write about the hard work of a peasant family, which is kind and simple and has a strong local flavor. He also wrote some works about making friends, traveling, mourning for the old and sad, and even talking about Buddhist scriptures and meditation. Yang Wanli's Preface to the Poems of Shihu Jushi said: "(Fan Chengda's poems) are big and short; Don't brew, shrink and don't (dilemma). Fresh and charming, there is Bao Xie in the election; Run away vigorously and chase Taibai. Chen chen, seeking his words, can't win the world by singing. " For details of his life, see History of Song Dynasty (Volume 386). There are poems by Shihu laymen and Shihu Ci. This book featured his poetry anthology Qiao Zhou, Four Seasons' Pastoral Fun (anthology 4), Hengtang and the word Qin Louyue (the balcony is full of shadows).
"heavy smoker" Zhang
Zhang (about 730- about 8 10), with the same word, was originally named Guiling, and was later named He Zhi, calling himself a smoker, also known as Xuanzhenzi, a famous poet and poet in the Tang Dynasty [2]. Most of his ci poems describe seclusion, and the scenery is vivid and vivid, which is a masterpiece of early literati ci. In particular, the word "Fisherman" says: "Egrets fly in front of Mount Cisse, and peach blossoms and flowing water make mandarin fish fat. Green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, oblique wind and drizzle don't have to go back. " [1] Simple, fresh, indifferent and lofty, it combines the beauty of poetry and painting in an extremely natural way, making people feel only the pleasure brought by natural beauty after reading, but forget the existence of beauty itself, which is worthy of being handed down from generation to generation. Besides poetry, he is good at painting, calligraphy and music. When Zhu compiled the Annals of Famous Paintings in Tang Dynasty, he called his paintings and those of two others "one product". There is a saying that "one product is above the gods" in Dong Qichang's Painting Instructions in the Ming Dynasty, which shows that "one product" is higher than "the gods" and is the supreme goodness. However, Dong Qichang thought that "Zhang was the only painter in all previous dynasties" and defined Zhang as the only painter with "one product". 〔5〕
Zhang's mother had a dream during her pregnancy that a pine tree grew in her abdomen and later gave birth to Zhang [3]. At the age of sixteen, Zhang "traveled as a college student" and made a speech to Su Zong with the Book of the Ming Dynasty. He was deeply appreciated and reused, and was appointed as the Hanlin to be called. He joined the army with Sargingewe and was given the name "He Zhi". Later, he was demoted to Nanpu Wei because of the incident. However, he did not take office, but returned to his hometown under the pretext of mourning. From then on, he stopped being an official and lived in seclusion for a long time, wandering leisurely among the mountains and rivers around Taihu Lake. Because I often fish on the boat, I am isolated from the world and call myself a "smoker". Later people called it "high interest rate, which is beyond people's reach." [2] [3] [5] His "Fisherman" poem has five poems in the whole Tang Dynasty, all of which are excellent works about his seclusion. However, because the first poem (see the quotation above) is so well written, the other four poems are covered by its glory and appear less prominent. 〔 1〕
Zhang's brother was afraid that he would live in seclusion, so he built him several thatched huts outside the Dongcheng of Yuezhou, surrounded by flowers and trees, and the environment was beautiful, where he could fish along the stream. Observations at that time made Chen Shaoyou often greet him. The emperor once gave him a slave and a maid to wait on him and drive him away. But he married them and named them "Fisherman" and "Qiao Qing". Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher and poet in Tang Dynasty, was a frequent visitor to Yan family with Lu Yu, a reclusive poet, when he was writing history in Huzhou. Yan Zhenqing, who is new here, saw that his boat was dilapidated and wanted to change it for him. He declined, saying that "it is enough to accompany the floating family". 〔2〕
On one occasion, Yan Zhenqing and other public guests would talk about the fisherman and drink and sing to each other. The first song is Zhang's words: "Before the egrets fly to Mount Cisai, peach blossoms and flowing water make mandarin fish fat. Green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, oblique wind and drizzle don't have to go back. " Yan Zhenqing composed 25 songs with Lu Hung-chien, Xu, and others. They convey appreciation and praise to each other. Zhang Rang's painter painted, cut white silk and drew words. I drew five books in a short time. Flowers and trees, birds and fish, mountains and rivers, ancient and modern wonders, unparalleled. The paintings spread and appreciated between Yan Zhenqing and the guests, and everyone was amazed. [5] Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty said that he was "good at painting landscapes, drinking too much or playing drums and flutes, licking pens, and being cheerful and true" [2]. It can be seen that he is not only interested in painting after being drunk, but also "playing drums and flute" can arouse his painting skills, and he paints quickly, and the scenery he paints is full of naive and natural expressions.
After hearing these rumors, Tang Xianzong had his portrait painted on the imperial edict. He looked for him everywhere with the portrait of "Wandering in the Jianghu", but he couldn't find it. Finally, people had to collect his poems and present them to the emperor. [2] [3] His other brother, Zhang Songling, was afraid that he would get into trouble if he was "wild", so he specially wrote a poem "Answering my brother's ambition and the song of the fisherman" for his "Fisherman": "Happiness is fishing in the storm, and the rambling path of the thatched cottage won the climb. Dongting Mountain in Taihu Lake, when the wind and waves rise, will return. " 〔 1〕〔3〕
There are sporadic disclosures about his practice in Fairy Biography, saying that he is an "honest and breathless" person who can "drink three fights without getting drunk" and "lying in the snow is not cold, and entering the water is not wet. All the mountains and rivers in the world travel. " In the eyes of ordinary people, lying in the snow is not cold, jumping into the water is not wet, which is already great, but that is just some kind of kung fu that appears in Taoist practice. 〔5〕
Zhang's cultivation method is very special. He often "fishes downstream", but he "never throws bait" because he "doesn't want to fish" [2]. Then what's he doing sitting there? In the name of fishing, practice! The stream is like a mirror in front of him, from which he can see everything in the world, see the gods outside the world and communicate with them, and then he can always see the elements that make up everything in the universe and their motion modes. He "read" this mirror for a long time, and the scene in the mirror deepens layer by layer with the improvement of his cultivation level, which is endless. He recorded his own cultivation experience and compiled a book named Xuanzhenzi, taking Xuanzhenzi as his own name. Twelve volumes of the original book, with a total of 30,000 words, were incomplete in the Southern Song Dynasty, with only three volumes left, which were included in Tai Xuan Bu collected in the collection [6] [7]. Later generations called it "a work of mystery, a man among immortals." 〔5〕
Judging from the remaining three volumes, its content is also quite rich. However, because of its profound meaning, it is difficult for ordinary people and practitioners to understand it until it reaches a certain level. The Empty Song in The Whole Tang Poetry is a short section in the first volume of this book [1]. Among them, "seeing from your own eyes, thinking from your own eyes, being able to see" implies the key to fully understanding Xuanzhenzi: you must first open your own eyes! Because he is recording the phenomena and jurisprudence he saw from another time and space, if you can't see anything, you won't understand what he is saying, and the more you read, the more confused you become. People who have a certain understanding of Taoist theory, especially the Tao Te Ching, may vaguely understand some of its contents, but they will find it as elusive as the Tao Te Ching. In fact, the relationship between Tao Te Ching and Xuanzhenzi is a procedure and a detailed rule. One is abstract and the other is concrete. If Xuanzhenzi is taken as a concrete example of Tao Te Ching, we can have a deeper understanding of the two books.
Later, Yan Zhenqing swam to Pingwangyi. When Zhang got drunk, he performed water games for everyone: he spread his seat on the water and sat alone drinking and singing. That seat comes and goes on the water, fast and slow, making a sound like a boat on the water. Then a crane flew from the clouds and followed him overhead. Yan Zhenqing and other people watching on the shore were all amazed. Soon, Zhang waved on the water, thanked Yan Zhenqing, and then got up and flew away. [5] Another way of saying it is that "once the successor suddenly went by the cloud crane", saying that he flew away by the cloud crane. 〔2〕
Few people have been trained to "soar in the daytime", so it is not generally recognized. Like him, in front of many people, including Yan Zhenqing, a generation of famous ministers and great calligraphers of past dynasties, he soared to the sky, which is really a rare spectacle in history!
refer to
[1] Full Tang Poetry Volume 308;
[2] Biography of the Talented in the Tang Dynasty, by Xin (Yuan), Volume III;
(3) Chronicle of Tang Poetry (Volume 46);
[4] "Tang Poetry" Volume XIV;
(5) Biography of Immortals, and twenty-seven volumes of Taiping Guangji, with twenty-seven immortals;
[6] "Solving the Problem of Supporting Houses", written by Chen in Southern Song Dynasty;
[7] Biography of Xuanzhenzi (Three Volumes), see Collected Taoist Scriptures? "Taoist Taoist Collection", Volume 242, Taixuan Department, published by Literature and Art Publishing House; In addition, it is also included in the summary of Sikuquanshu.
Zhang (about 730 ~ about 8 10) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Zi Zitong, formerly known as Gui Ling, is from Lanxi. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he traveled to the university to learn from the scriptures and made suggestions for Su Zong, which was greatly appreciated. Ren Hanlin was awarded the title of "He Zhi" by a letter to the health worker Sargingo and joined the army. Later, he was demoted to Nanpu Wei because of the incident. Before he arrived, he returned to his hometown and lost his position. Boats hang dragon bows, offering sacrifices to Sanjiang and Pan-Five Lakes. He claimed to be a "wave soldier" and wrote 12 volume of Xuanzhenzi with 30,000 words, because he thought it was a number. Brother He is old and afraid of ambition and seclusion, so he built a hut in the east of Yuezhou (now Shaoxing). If you live in harmony, you will feel that officials will help Taohe, that is, they will do it themselves without resentment. Chen Shaoyou was amazed by the observation. He would sit all day and ask Guan Zhenfang where he lived. . Because of the thatched cottage rafters, the skin festival still exists. There is no trace of an axe, and the door lane is narrower. The door is separated by running water, and there is no bridge for ten years. A little expansion of its residence is a contribution. "And build a bridge, called HuiXuan lane and Dr Bridge. Su Zong gave each handmaiden a gift, and He Zhi married him and named him "Fisherman" and "Qiaoqing". So, the man replied, "The fisherman asked you to hold the gentleman to collect nylon, and the reed let you vent. Green firewood makes Su Lan earn laurel and bamboo makes tea. "Lu Yu, pei xiu asked who contacts? A: "The room in space and the home of * * *, the light and photos of jathyapple. I have never left the prince of the four seas. What is the connection? ! Yan Zhenqing was the secretariat of Yuzhou, and Zhang came to see him by boat. Yan wants to build a new boat for him. Zhang said: "I think, if I stir up a fishing boat, I will sue the floating family and go back and forth between rivers and lakes. That would be lucky!" "It is witty and eloquent, and it is the same for all classes.
Zhang is well-read and versatile, with excellent songs, words, poems and paintings. Drunk and hot, or drum and flute, or instant poetry and painting. After tasting the fisherman's words with all the guests at a dinner party in Yan Zhenqing, Zhang sang the first song: "White ducks fly in front of the Mount Cisse, peach blossoms are full of fish. Green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, oblique wind and drizzle don't have to go back. " Twenty-five songs by Yan Zhenqing, Lu Yu, Xu and Li. He Zhifu writes about landscapes, and there are five books in a flash. The images, characters, ships, birds and beasts, smoke waves and phoenix moon are all based on the article, and the music is very beautiful. It's amazing that Zhenqing invited guests to play. In the famous paintings of Tang Dynasty written by Zhu in the Tang Dynasty, Yipin was listed as three people, and Zhang was one of them. Ming Dong Qichang's "Painting Purpose" said: "In the past, Yipin was the supreme god, and Zhang was the only one."
Zhang is a recluse figure in mountains and rivers, and his works are mysterious, so later generations spread it as a fairy middleman. As the legend of the immortal said, Xuanzhenzi "keeps the truth and nourishes the spirit, lying in the snow is not cold, and does not enter the water." Tang Li Deyu commented on Zhang: "Concealed in name, obvious without it, not poor but not up to it, the ratio is also." It can be said that it is just right.