Around the age of forty, Wang Wei began to live a semi-official and semi-secluded life. He first lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan, then came to Lantian, Wangchuan Villa, and "played the piano and wrote poems" with his Taoist friend Pei Di, and became a vegetarian. During this period, many pastoral poems with high artistic achievements were created.
In the Anshi Rebellion, Wang Wei failed to follow Xuanzong and was captured by the rebels. Forced to do something wrong. Later, when Tang Suzong returned to Beijing, Wang Wei was demoted to Prince Zhongyun for his false post. Soon, he was promoted to the position of Sheren in Zhongshu, and later transferred to Shangshu Youcheng, who died in an official position. During this period, Wang Wei experienced hardships, ups and downs, felt that life was impermanent, and fled to Buddhism wholeheartedly. "Old age is quiet, and everything is not annoying" (Deputy Ambassador Zhang replied). "How many sad things in your life, don't sell an empty door" ("Sighing White Hair"). These poems express the poet's mood at that time.
There are more than 400 poems by Wang Wei, which can be roughly divided into frontier fortress ranger poems and landscape pastoral poems. The former is mostly in the early stage, while the latter is in the middle and late stage.
Wang Wei's frontier poems are heroic and desolate, often written in combination with the spirit of ranger. The hero is either a handsome boy who knows that he can't suffer from the frontier court, but he still smells like chivalry when he dies (Chapter 4 bis of Biography of Boys), or a hero who has been through many battles and exhausted the enthusiasm of the West Coast (Leading Silver). For example:
The troops of the emergency unit galloped away on horseback. A horse is ten miles, a whip is five miles, and you travel with lightning. Protect the army,
The Huns surrounded Jiuquan. It snowed in Guanshan, and there was no smoke in the lookout.
Western Gansu
The situation is critical and the atmosphere is tense, but the soldier's mood is warm, calm and full of confidence.
In March of the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Cui, our envoy from Hexi, defeated Tubo in Qinghai. When Wang Wei went to the fortress as a supervisor, he wrote a famous book "Stuffing":
The conference semifinals outside Juyan are hunting, and the white grass grievances are burning all over the sky.
The desert schooner gallops in the dusk, and the vast plains in autumn shoot at vultures.
With the support of Qiang Health School, Fort Deng and General Lu, who were guarding the positions, stormed across Liao overnight.
Jade sword, the bow of horn, the war horse on his war horse, the court gave the victorious general, as brave as Holt of Han Dynasty.
This poem first describes the tenacity and aggressiveness of Tubo, and then describes Tang Jun's grace, composure, contingency, attack and defense, so as to highlight the overwhelming momentum.
Wang Wei is also good at sketching the vast scenery of the frontier fortress with bold brushstrokes, such as the first four sentences of "Send Liu Si straight to Anxi": "I didn't pass by the sun, and the smoke was filled. There are geese in the third spring, and there are few people traveling thousands of miles. " The pen and ink are simple and vigorous, and the picture is muddy and open. "Make it a fortress" and "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen", two sentences are especially read.
In Wang Wei's life, he wrote a lot of pastoral poems, especially after middle age, the poet seems to like Baishiquan by the water in the mountains too much to care about the world. However, most of these pastoral poems are full of healthy and clear atmosphere, showing high aesthetic interest. For example:
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. Moonlight in the pine forest.
Crystal gems in the stream. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
An autumn night in the mountains.
There are all kinds of sounds and lights in the poem, including the sound of spring and pen, the light of moonlight and water, pine and cypress and bamboo, red lotus, white stone, moonlight, spring flow, and people returning to the boat. All this is arranged in the mountain village after autumn dusk, with vivid image and quiet realm, which shows the poet's noble feelings and pursuit of the ideal world. Another example is:
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
Birdsong stream
The scenery in the poem is quiet but not dead, vivid but not noisy.
Among Wang Wei's later poems, the most famous is the twenty quatrains in Wang Chuan Bie Ji. The artistic quality of these poems is very high, but their emotions are cold and lonely.
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant. (Chai Lu)
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song. It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue. (Bamboo House)
In addition to the above analysis of the two themes, the poet also has many lyric structures that provide farewell returns and praise love.
The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf
Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their relatives when they go out to the sun.
Weicheng district
Red bean shrubs grow in the south. In spring, they sprout many branches. People who miss them hope to collect more. Mix red bean has attracted people's attention.
gum arabic
The ferries of the Willow River are scattered, and the boatman shakes his oars and sails in.
Only lovesickness is like spring scenery, and Jiangnan Jiangbei will send you home.
Send Shen Zifu to Jiangdong
The artistic achievements of Wang Wei's poems are very high. Here, taking his pastoral poems as an example, this paper makes a brief discussion.
First of all, Wang Wei's poems can not only describe the form, dynamics and expressions of natural things in detail, but also pay attention to the harmony of the overall atmosphere. For example, the first sentence in "Wei Shui Peasant" is sunset, the second sentence is the return of cattle and sheep, three or four sentences are the return of the old man and the shepherd boy, and seven or eight sentences are the return of the farmer, ending with homesickness. Generally speaking, poetry creates a charm of the return of all things.
Secondly, Wang Wei is not only a poet, but also a famous painter. He pioneered the painting method of ink and wash landscapes, and was praised by Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty as the ancestor of Nanzong painting. His poems combine the principles, methods and styles of painting, forming the characteristics of "painting in poetry" (Su Shi's Painting in the Sky). For example, he wrote a famous sentence about scenery: "The desert is lonely and the smoke is straight, and the long river sets the yen", "The green hills are separated by forests, and the sun is flat and the ground is flat". The author does not describe the process of sunset, but focuses on the spatial position and form of "sunset" and "red sun group", so that people can experience the eternity and vastness of time and space through this still picture. This is a painted poem. "The mountain is an isolated village, and the horizon is a plateau. You can't get this unless you are a painter. " ("Essays on Painting Zen Rooms", Volume II) for painting into poetry. Therefore, in his pen, what flows out is poetry, and after solidification is painting. Some of Wang Wei's poems omit verbs and are purely arranged in static space scenery, which makes the picture effect more obvious and achieves a high degree of unity of poetry and painting spirit.
Thirdly, the language of Wang Wei's poems is simple and expressive, and there is no need for flowery rhetoric. Just a few strokes can make writing difficult. At present, its style ranges from gorgeous to plain. For example, the first two sentences of "Spring Farming and Pastoral" are "spring pigeons on the house, apricot flowers on the edge of the village." The two commonly used words "Ming" and "Bai" write a vivid picture of spring germination and also show the poet's calm heart.
Other pastoral poets have not achieved as much as Wang Meng, leaving few works. The more prominent poems are: Chu Guangxi's "Fishing Bay": "Fishing in a blue bay in spring can be chaotic. The pool is clear and shallow, and the lotus knows the fish are scattered. Sunset and other lovers, Victoria boat green Yang 'an. Chang Jian's "Zen State after Broken Mountain Temple": "On a pure morning, near the ancient temple, the morning light there points to the treetops." . A winding path leads to a hidden place, and the Buddhist temple is surrounded by branches and flowers. Here, birds live in the mountain light, and people's hearts feel quiet in the pond. All is silent here, only the bell is ringing. Zhong Nanshan Snow by Zuyong: Look at the Mount Zhongnan soaring above the white clouds. And the warm sky is open on the snow line, while the town in the valley is getting colder and colder. "