Contact information of Fengxian Viewpoint: Jingliang North Street, Jiyuan City, Henan Province
Introduction to Fengxian Viewpoint:
Located at the southern end of the Grottoes, it is the medium-sized Longmen Grottoes The largest open-air Buddhist niche and a representative work of Tang Dynasty sculpture art. Fengxian Temple is about 40 meters deep from east to west and 36 meters wide from north to south. The "Dalu Shena Statue" on the left side of Lushena Buddha (clothed Buddha) records: It was built by Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. The light is 85 feet high, the two Bodhisattvas are 70 feet high, and Kasyapa and Ananda Vajra are each 50 feet high. The main statue is Lushena Buddha sitting in the lotus position in the center. The whole statue is 17.14 meters high, of which the head is 4 meters high and the two ears are 1.9 meters high. It is the largest Buddhist sculpture in Longmen Grottoes.
The face is plump and elegant, and the eyes are affectionate. He looks down slightly, and his eyes coincide with the upward eyes of the worshipers, which can arouse people's emotional tremors. This shows the designer's ingenuity and artistic charm. The disciples on both sides of the main Buddha, Kasyapa is rigorous and solemn, Ananda is docile and pious, Bodhisattva is dignified and reserved, the king of heaven frowns and glares, and the warrior is powerful and strong. It can be said that they are superb and skillful. According to the inscription on the statue, Wu Zetian contributed 20,000 yuan to build this temple, and personally led the courtiers to participate in the consecration ceremony of the Lushena Buddha. There is a huge stone on the east bank of Yishui River, commonly known as Drum Rock. According to legend, it was the place where Wu Zetian played drums and played music when worshiping Buddha.
From an artistic point of view, the layout of the statues in Fengxian Temple is harmonious and well-proportioned. The facial features of the large Buddha statue are proportioned. This brilliant achievement of ingenuity has an everlasting artistic charm. It is a summary of the religious art of the Tang Dynasty and one of the great examples in the history of Chinese sculpture.
Fengxian Temple is located in Sanzhuang Village, Beihai Office, Jiyuan City. It was founded in the first year of Chuigong in the Tang Dynasty (AD 685). It has been more than 1,300 years ago. Because there is a Jingmu beam in the temple, it is commonly known as Jingliang Temple. . Originally there were many buildings, covering an area of ??more than 60 acres. Due to various reasons, now only the mountain gate, Jade Emperor Hall, Sanqing Hall, Stele Pavilion, and four auxiliary halls in the east and west are left, forming a two-entry courtyard, running in the north and south directions. Although the courtyard is not large, it has a reasonable layout and compact structure. It is high in the north and low in the south. It is well-proportioned and the cultural relics are of high value. In 2001, it was announced as a national cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.
There are three mountain gates, relics of the Qing Dynasty, a corridor in the middle, and a hanging flower gate on each side.
The three-room Jade Emperor Hall was built in the Ming Dynasty and is dedicated to the Jade Emperor.
The stone stele of Taishang Laojun has a stele pavilion. The body and forehead of the stele are connected. It is 3 meters high, 1.1 meters wide and 0.33 meters thick. There are 6 dragons carved on the forehead and the top is like a semicircle. There are three Taoist statues, with Lao Tzu sitting on a lotus disk in the middle and a servant boy on each side. The inscriptions on the inscriptions are numerous, and the general idea is: talk about the ancient ways and the present, praise the prosperous Tang Dynasty, peace in all directions, and respect Laozi. It was written by Li Shen, written by Juqu Zhilie, and engraved by Zhao Wensu. More than 200 people surnamed Li living in Luoyang funded and built it to congratulate the completion of Fengxian Temple. Ye Changchi, an epigrapher of the Qing Dynasty, commented on the stele in "Yu Shi": the grand scope of the article, the beauty of the calligraphy, and the symmetry of the stele make it the crown of Taoist stele in the Tang Dynasty. His rubbings were exhibited in Japan in 1973 and were well received.
The Sanqing Hall was rebuilt in the 24th year of Dading of the Jin Dynasty (AD 1184). It is five rooms wide and seven rafters deep. There are huge brackets on the big stone pillars and a single eaves hanging from the mountain. It is the oldest in Henan. One of the three wooden structures with the highest purity, it was built by Taoist Helan Qizhen. There are four unique materials selected for the main hall:
1. Jingmu and persimmon beams, jujube and mulberry columns, all of which are unusual and huge. Jingmu beam, 9.1 meters long, 0.83 meters in diameter, comes from Jingwang Village, Sili Township, 8 miles to the north; Zaomu pillar, 7.1 meters high, 0.76 centimeters in diameter, comes from Zaolin Village, Chengliu Town, 18 miles to the west; Mulberry wood The column, 7.1 meters high and 0.7 meters in diameter, was mined from Sangyuhe Village, Zhecheng City, 20 miles away from the south; the persimmon wood beam, 9.1 meters long, 0.76 meters in diameter, was mined from Shibin Village, Kejing Township, 8 miles away from the north. All four physical objects are now available, and are recorded in county annals and inscriptions. The origin of the wood was changed to its current place name because of the strange size of the tree.
2. The design is scientific and column reduction is adopted. The main hall should be supported by 8 columns. It can adopt a cross-beam structure minus 6 columns and only use 2 columns. It can be described as a wonderful idea and bold innovation.
3. The selectors should have emancipated minds. The homophonic pronunciation of these four pieces of wood is unlucky, meaning today, death, morning, and mourning. Folk customs taboo their use, but He Lanqi really doesn't care about these. As long as it is a pillar, he will harvest it and reuse it.
This kind of eclectic idea of ??using wood is commendable in feudal society!
4. The workmanship is simple, the wood is not processed and modified, and can be used immediately after peeling, leaving the original wood as it is, saving time and effort, and reflecting the characteristics of that time The heroic spirit of the Mongolian nation.
Liang Sicheng, an expert on ancient Chinese architecture, commented after seeing it: The technique is bold and the operation is unique.
A stele is mounted on the wall in front of Sanqing Hall. On it is a portrait of Helan Qizhen riding a donkey to Tokyo, and the inscription "Song Zhenzong's poem to Helan Qizhen". The poem says : Xuanyuan taught five thousand words, and there were images that were difficult to understand and he was in a trance. As you progress through the chapters several times, you will arrive at the ultimate truth, and you will be able to chant and chant the Tao in a leisurely manner. According to folk legend, after the collapse of the Xihu Temple in Xiguan, Jiyuan, Helan Qizhen had a very high level of Taoism, which was deeper than Lao and Zhuang's theories. He was good at the techniques of bigu and breathing, could enlighten gold, and built a temple to worship immortals. When transporting building materials, no horses were seen, but the horses were panting and sweating. People spread rumors that after hearing the news, Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty summoned Helan Qizhen to the capital and asked him to perform in public. Helan Qizhen told the truth: Yes The false magic of alchemists is not enough for Your Majesty. Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty was impressed by He Lanqi's sincerity and praised his words. He paid more tribute to him and named him Master Zongzhen. He was exempted from observing Tian Fu and gave him a poem.
On both sides of the courtyard are stored the stele "Princess Yuzhen's Reception of the Holy Altar Xiangying Ji" written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and inscribed on it; there are Li Zongde's sarcophagus and the twenty-four filial piety pictures of the Ming Dynasty; there are three great calligraphers of the Qing Dynasty The emperor's teacher Li Tangji wrote an epitaph for Zhang Guanglu, a master of Northeast Taidao who was born in Jiyuan, which is called a masterpiece of calligraphy art; there is a stone inscription on the tomb of Ma Jisheng, who was conquered by Emperor Kangxi and returned to the mainland as General Zhenwei; There are stone lions in front of the tomb; there are stone sheep in the tomb of the father of the late Jin'er Emperor Shi Jingtang.
These physical objects add cultural connotation to Fengxian Temple.