1. Boyi and Shu Qi "don't eat Zhou Su"
In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, in his later years, Gu Zhujun, an aristocrat in the late Shang Dynasty, favored his younger son Shu Qi, and deliberately overthrew the system of the eldest son and ordered his second son to inherit the family business. After the death of Gu Zhujun, Shu Qi insisted on inheriting his family business from his elder brother Boyi, but Boyi didn't want to inherit it. In order to avoid Shu Qi's embarrassment, he left home at night, but Shu Qi was also a person who abided by the etiquette. When he saw his elder brother without saying goodbye, he went to find him without saying anything.
Everything comes to him who waits. Shu Qi finally found his brother, and they decided not to return to their hometown, so they went to Zhou State and lived a life of ordinary people. However, Zhou dispatch troops soon crusaded against Shang Zhouwang. Boyi and Shu Qi thought that Zhou belonged to a subsidiary country of Shang Dynasty. The following offenses were regarded as heartless, so they went to court to remonstrate. Their benevolence did not stop this crusade, but angered Zhou Wuwang, causing fatal disaster, and were ordered to be detained.
After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Boyi and Shu Qi were still reluctant to go out. They thought that the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty violated the etiquette system, vowed not to associate with Zhou people and not to eat food on the land of the Zhou Dynasty, and finally stuck to their obsession and starved to death in shouyangshan. The allusions of Boyi and Shuqi were listed as the first biographies by Sima Qian, the writer of historical records, and the two brothers have been passed down to this day as models of abiding by benevolence and righteousness in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
second, qu yuan: one leap, a sigh for a thousand years!
During the Warring States period, many heroes rose together, especially Qin, and became a superpower at that time. Under the policy of vertical competition, the strength of all countries was reduced to varying degrees, and only Chu was able to compete with Qin, so there was a saying that "whoever wins the world, it is not Qin Bi Chu, nor Chu Bi Qin".
at the beginning of Chu Huaiwang's accession to the throne, he appointed Qu Yuan and ordered the reform, which shows that he is also ambitious. With his support, Qu Yuan advocated clarifying statutes, promoting talents and appointing people, reforming politics, and uniting with Qin.
However, the reform will inevitably touch the interests of the nobility, so he framed Qu Yuan and said to Chu Huaiwang, "Qu Yuan takes credit for himself, and every time he drafts a decree, he must make it clear that he can't succeed without me." Qu Yuan was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley.
While Qu Yuan was in exile for many years, the situation in Chu became more and more critical. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang, the Qin generals took leitian to attack Chu Duying, and the following year, Qin Jun went further. Seeing that the country was hopeless, Qu Yuan drowned himself in Miluo on the day of breaking the city.
He wanted to serve his country, but he was unable to return to heaven. He was exiled repeatedly, but his heart died nine times and he didn't regret it. In the end, he died a martyr, and Qu Yuan made himself the earliest tragic hero in the history of China.
Third, Su Wu herded sheep and kept the festival
In the first year of Emperor Tianhan (the first 1 years), Su Wu sent a corps commander to the Xiongnu. Unfortunately, just as Su Wu was about to complete the mission and prepare to return to China, King Gou of Xiongnu attempted to hijack Khan's mother, E Shi, and John Zhang was involved in this activity. After the incident, Su Wu was implicated and detained in Xiongnu.
At that time, Xiongnu Khan confined Su Wu to a cellar to induce him to surrender, while Su Wu lived on snow and wool instead of giving in. Khan decided to exile Su Wu to Beihai (Siberia's Lake Baikal area) and let him shepherd sheep.
"Since you don't surrender, I'll let you go to feed the sheep. When these sheep give birth to lambs, I'll let you go back to the Central Plains." And Khan only gave him a few rams.
Su Wu is holding the Han Festival and herding sheep in the snowy Beihai. The only companion with Su Wu is the Han Festival representing the Han Dynasty and several sheep. Year after year, all the oxtail ornaments hung on the envoys fell off, and Su Wu's hair and beard turned gray, but Hanjie never left his hand.
Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died. When he learned the news, Su Wu threw himself on his knees facing the south, crying loudly, and blood ran down the corners of his mouth. Since then, he has been crying all day, and no one can persuade him.
After Emperor Zhao ascended the throne, Xiongnu and Han reached a peace agreement, and Su Wu was finally able to return to his hometown. Confucius? He said, "Let it be used in all directions, and it will not disgrace your life." This is the truest portrayal of Su Wu.
Fourth, Tao Yuanming's "Don't bend his back for five buckets of rice"
Tao Yuanming's grandfather and father both held the position of prefect, but by the time of Tao Yuanming, his family was already in tatters. Because of this family background, Tao Yuanming was fond of reading the Six Classics when he was a teenager, and he had a great ambition to help the whole life.
In order to survive, Tao Yuanming worked as a junior official in the state at first, but because he didn't like the bad style in officialdom, he soon resigned and went home. Later, in order to make a living, he also worked in some low-ranking official positions one after another, and lived a life of hiding and being an official.
at the age of p>41, under the persuasion of friends, Tao Yuanming became the Pengze county magistrate again. On one occasion, the county sent Du You to understand the situation. Someone told Tao Yuanming: Those people were sent from above, and they should be dressed neatly and respectfully to meet them.
after hearing this, Tao Yuanming gave a long sigh: "I can be full if I have five buckets of rice a month alone. I have lived in the countryside, and I can still eat enough even though I have worked hard. Why do I have to be a county magistrate, so I humbly pay attention to these guys?" Say that finish, just quit his official position and went home.
Later, he was advised to be an official again, but he would rather be poor and ill than involved in officialdom again. It can be said that Tao Yuanming's seclusion is really clumsy. "Don't bend your back for five buckets of rice" has become a model for future generations of people with lofty ideals in China.
V. Huang Tingjian: "Every question is answered directly"
After Wang Anshi's political reform in the Song Dynasty, the literati formed the old and new parties because of their support or opposition to the political reform, and it gradually evolved into a party struggle, and one after another, you sang and I appeared, and they were incompatible with each other. Huang Tingjian once participated in the compilation of A Record of Shenzong, because he had opposed the political reform and was classified as the old party.
Song Zhe Zongshao Shengjian, after the New Party came back to power, picked out more than a thousand articles in A Record of Gods, accusing him of slandering Song Shenzong. Double detention, confinement, many means together.
However, no matter how intimidating or tempting, Huang Tingjian always refused to admit that there were slanderous remarks. "If you have any questions, you will speak directly." He did not bow down, fear or give in, and his arrogance and awe-inspiring righteousness made the literati gasp in admiration.
Huang tingjian won't bow his head and confess guilt, and he won't drag out an ignoble existence with humiliation. Therefore, he was hit harder than other old Party members and his ending was even more tragic. He first demoted Fuzhou, then Guizhou, and then Rongzhou, and later he was removed from the list, kicked out of the cadre team, detained Yizhou, became a prisoner, and finally died in another country.
in the last years of Huang tingjian's life, he burned incense and read books with the chopping board that slaughtered cattle, wrote postscript for his friends with a brush bought with three pence, and took getting wet on the city wall as the joy of his life, and always stood proudly and laughed instead of crying on his knees, even though he was displaced and miserable for a lifetime.