Mao Zedong's reading method.
Mao Zedong cherished time and read widely all his life. Among them? Three times and four temperatures? Reading? Reading? No pen and ink, no reading? Is his main reading method. When he was young, he was familiar with such ancient books as Historical Records and Hanshu, and kept revisiting them. Even in his later years, he repeatedly studied the same history book he loved, and had the habit of drawing circles on the cover after reading it once. So in many books he read, he left a circle that he read twice and three times. Mao Zedong had this disease when he was a student when he was young? Read more, think more, write more and ask more questions? The habit of. His writing is mainly manifested in refining the content, marking important places with symbols such as circles, bars and dots, making notes, keeping a reading diary, and correcting mistakes and mistakes in the original book.
Lu Xun's reading method
On the basis of extensive reading, Lu Xun formed his own unique reading method. First, extensive reading, he advocates learning from others, and advocates that in your spare time, you should? Just flip through it? . The second is to look carefully. For those that are difficult to understand, you must read and keep reading until you understand and get through. The third is specialization. He advocates it? Extensive browsing? On this basis, choose one or more subjects you like and study them in depth. Otherwise, although you have read a lot, you will accomplish nothing in the end. Fourth, live reading. Lu Xun advocated independent thinking, observation and practice in reading. He said:? Specializing in reading also has disadvantages, so we must get in touch with society more and make the books we read come alive. ? He still advocates using? Read this book living in the world with your own eyes? . The fifth is to participate in reading. Lu Xun not only read the Selected Works, but also read the author's biographies and albums, so as to understand his time and position and deepen his understanding of his works.
Sue's reading method
Su, a famous mathematician, advocates reading more and intensive reading. When he is reading, he usually reads an overview for the first time, and gradually deepens his understanding for the second and third times. This is how he read A Dream of Red Mansions and The Journey to the West's Romance of the Three Kingdoms. He likes Liaozhai best, and I don't know how many times he has watched it repeatedly. At first, I didn't understand some places, and there was nowhere to look. He will continue reading and gradually deepen his understanding. It is the same for Sue to read math books. He always thinks and does exercises while reading. By the time he read it for the last time, all the topics had been written. In his opinion, you don't have to read too much, you must read it well, and you won't know the advantages and disadvantages and mistakes of this book until you read it well.
Hua's reading method
Hua is a mathematician who grew up by hard self-study, and his reading method is unique. Lay the foundation with slow kung fu. After graduating from junior high school, Hua taught himself high school content. He first laid a solid foundation with slow efforts, and then gradually accelerated the progress. He spent five or six years teaching himself high school content. Not long after he arrived in Tsinghua, he listened to the main course of research because of his solid study. ? Thickness? Law. What does Hua attribute the reading process to? From thick to thin? 、? From thin to thick? Two stages. When you really have a thorough understanding of the content of the book, grasp the main points of the book, and master the spiritual essence of the book, reading will change from thick to thin, and the more you read, the more you feel thin. If in the process of reading, you discuss each chapter in depth, add notes on each page and supplement the reference materials, then the book will become thicker and thicker. So reading is a two-way process from thick to thin and from thin to thick. Push ideas. After getting the book, Hua first thought about the title, and then began to close his eyes and speculate: if he did it himself, what should he do? Don't start reading until you have thought everything over. Everything you already know is scanned quickly, and you are committed to reading those new and original ideas. In this way, Huabo learned from others and benefited a lot.
Wang Zikun's Reading Method
Mathematician Wang Zikun's reading method is also very stylish. The first is the copy method. When Wang Zikun was in middle school, he went to the library as soon as he had time to finish his homework. It is difficult to return a good book after borrowing it, but he can't afford it, so he is determined to copy it. He believes that photocopying is still affordable. He copied the Advanced English Law, The Complete Book of English and The Art of War written by Lin Yutang. He couldn't put it down, so he copied two copies at a time. Wang Zikai believes that people only know the pain of copying books, but they don't know the benefits of copying books. After copying, they don't read everything. They can take a look at it, which is better than watching it ten times. The second method is slow and fast. He believes that the first chapter or two of a book is usually the key to the whole book, because each subject has a specific research object and special terms and symbols. For example, plane geometry studies the properties of triangles, circles and other figures, and elementary algebra mainly studies algebraic operations. Therefore, study the first chapter or two patiently and master the thinking method of this subject, and you will be interested in reading. After he got a book, he always began to read slowly, taking notes while reading, doing exercises, thinking, calculating, reading carefully, paying attention carefully, first slowly, then quickly, and then slowly.
Tanaka kakuei? Tearing books? learning method
Tanaka kakuei, a former Japanese minister, lost the opportunity of systematic study after finishing high school because of his poor family in his early years. He pays great attention to reading methods in his work-study program. In order to exercise his memory, he recited the Concise English Dictionary and the Wide Linz Japanese Dictionary page by page, tearing off one page at a time and throwing it away after reciting it. This exercised his extraordinary memory. Lenin's reading method: how does Lenin improve reading speed? Lenin's reading speed and understanding depth are amazing. Once, an old Bolshevik saw Lenin holding it? This thick foreign language material turned over quickly, so I asked him how many times he needed to recite a poem. Lenin replied: Just read it twice. Lenin's strong memory is inseparable from his concentration in reading. When he started reading, he ignored everything around him. Once, his sisters played a practical joke and built an unstable triangular tower with six chairs behind him. As long as Lenin moves, the tower will collapse. However, Lenin, who was absorbed in reading, did not notice or move. It was not until half an hour later that he finished reading the chapter he was scheduled to read. When he looked up, the wooden tower collapsed? This story shows that if you want to finish reading and remember a book thoroughly, you must concentrate on it. The ancients have long said:? There are three kinds of reading: mental reading, eye reading and oral reading. If your heart is not here, you won't look carefully. Not single-minded, only read but not remember, remember for a long time. Of the three, the heart is the most urgent. Since the heart is here, what about the eyes and mouth? Qin Mu's Reading Method: Qin Mu Proposition? Cow chewing? And then what? Whale swallowing? Qin Mu, a famous contemporary writer, reads a lot of books, newspapers and magazines every day and accumulates extensive knowledge. Therefore, the works he wrote are like strung jewels of knowledge, shining with unique brilliance. When talking about reading, Qin Mu advocated adopting the way of cattle eating whales, namely? Cow chewing? With what? Whale swallowing? . What do you mean? Cow chewing? And then what? He said:? After eating grass during the day, the old cow moved her mouth at 11: 12 in the middle of the night and swallowed what she swallowed during the day again? Ruminating? Chew it. You should also repeat what needs intensive reading many times, chew it very carefully, and then swallow it. Some books are generally swallowed at first, and then carefully studied section by section. In this way, indigestible things are easy to digest. ? so this is it？ Cow chewing? Intensive reading of types. Then what do you mean? Whale swallowing? And then what? He said, the behemoth of cetaceans? Baleen whales can swim like floating islands. But it feeds on small fish and shrimp in the sea. How do these gadgets fill its huge belly? It turns out that the baleen whale has been swimming with its big mouth open, and the small fish and shrimp flow into its mouth with the sea water. When it closed its mouth, seawater rushed out of its teeth, leaving a lot of small fish and shrimp on the sieve. With such a big bite, a whole ton of small fish and shrimp will enter the whale's stomach bag. People should learn how to eat whales while reading widely. If a person wants to learn something, he can only read intensively, not extensively. If not every day? Swallow it? If it is tens of thousands of words, it is difficult to enrich knowledge. If you only rely on exquisite snacks and vitamin tablets to stay healthy, you can't be strong. ? Cow chewing? With what? Whale swallowing? , the two cannot be neglected. Want it? Whale swallowing? We should read a lot of books widely, but we should also study and taste some classic works repeatedly. In this way, intensive reading and extensive reading can be organically combined.
Ba Jin's reading method;
The famous writer Ba Jin's reading method is very strange, because he did it without books. Reading without books is really a miracle of the world. What's going on here? Ba Jin said: I was hospitalized for the second time. After taking a nap for less than an hour every day, I get out of bed and sit on the small sofa, waiting for the nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat still, but I didn't doze off. My brain won't rest. It is recalling some books and works I have read in the past, as if it wants to keep some beautiful things before my memory completely declines. ? It turns out that his reading method is to sit there and recall the books he has read. This has many advantages: (1) is not restricted by conditions and can make full use of time. Ba Jin cited two examples: one was that Leningrad was surrounded by the Germans for a long time during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, and a girl wrote in her diary? Anna, who are you? Karenina? A sentence. There was no electricity and no candles, and the whole city was out of power. Instead of reading, she sat quietly in the dark, recalling the plot in the book. Tolstoy's novels helped her through those terrible nights. Another example is his own personal experience of ten years of civil strife. He said:? ""? In the meantime, if the rebels allow me to keep a diary, allow me to keep a diary according to my own meaning, my diary must be full of titles. People will wonder: my study has been blocked for ten years. Where can I find those books to read? They forget that there is a big warehouse in people's hearts, which stores things that others can't take away. ? These two examples show that you can study without normal reading conditions? Reading? . (2) Review the past and learn new things. Through memory, take out the books you have read in the past and chew them bit by bit, just like cattle ruminating, which can be further digested and absorbed. Every time I recall, I will have a new understanding, a new understanding and a new harvest. (3) Be able to continuously draw spiritual strength from the books you have read. Ba Jin said: I am now fighting against diseases and getting encouragement from various works? Even if I didn't have the spirit to read new works during my illness, the spiritual wealth accumulated in the past was enough for my limited rest of my life. People need light and heat until they die. ?
Hua's reading method:
Hua's reading method:? From thin to thick? With what? From thick to thin? Professor Hua summed up the process of reading as? From thin to thick? With what? From thick to thin? Two stages. He said:? A book, before you finish it, you feel so thick; In the process of reading, if each chapter and section are discussed in depth, and each page is annotated and supplemented with reference materials, it will feel thicker. However, when we really have a thorough understanding of the contents of the book, grasp the main points of the book and master the spiritual essence of the book, we will feel that the book has become thinner. The more thorough, the thinner I feel. This is a process that every scientist has to go through. In this way, it's not that we have learned less knowledge, but that we have digested it. ? -
Engels' reading method:
One of Engels' reading methods is to pay attention to reading the original text, and generally do not use second-hand and third-hand materials easily. 1August 6, 884 German social Democrat Georg? Henry. Wal-Mart wrote a letter to Engels, saying that a lady was interested in socialism and planned to study social science, but she didn't know which college to go to. Engels replied that this question is difficult to answer, because every science, especially economics, has been badly spoiled in universities. The key is to learn by yourself and master effective methods of self-study. Engels said in his letter:? Learn from truly classic books, not from the most important brief reading of German economics or the speeches of its authors. ? The most important thing is to seriously study the classical economics from the physiocratic school to Smith, Ricardo and their schools, as well as the works of utopian socialism Saint-Simon, Fourier and Owen, as well as the works of Marx, and at the same time, we should constantly strive to draw our own opinions. ? In other words, read the original work systematically, because? Studying the original work itself will not lead some short reading materials and other second-hand materials astray. ? Judging from the bibliography he has read, although he has read many popular brochures, newspapers and periodicals, etc. , is the classic original that spends the most time and reads the most. He believes that reading the original works systematically is the correct reading method for research. In this way, we can understand the process of the emergence, development and perfection of a theory, not only comprehensively and systematically grasp the basic principles, but also grasp its development process and understand the whole picture of this theory.
Zhou's reading method
Zhou is from Pinghu, Zhejiang. He used to be an editor and scholar of People's Literature Publishing House. 1932 to 1949, long-term editor of Shanghai Mingkai Bookstore. 1949, he worked as an editor in China Youth Publishing House and Zhonghua Book Company. In l975, he was transferred to the editing room of Lu Xun's works of People's Literature Publishing House. He is mainly engaged in the translation and annotation of poetry and classical literary theory. He is the author of Examples of Poetry, New Notes on Wen Xin Diao Long and Examples of Articles. He often uses books, especially classical literature? Read aloud? Zhou believes that the main advantages of this reading and learning method are: 1. The priorities in reading just correspond to the ups and downs of the situation in the text, which is enough to help you understand the article and the author's mood when writing. 2. By reading aloud, I can understand the relationship between syllables and emotions. When writing, I will take appropriate sound rhythm to express my feelings in my chest. 3. Familiar with the article with proper words. Familiar with all kinds of sentence patterns, the arrangement of function words will not lead to stiff and inappropriate sentences when writing. The use of function words is also gradually in line with the rules in knowing why it is but not knowing why it is. 4. After reading it, even if you don't have enough appreciation ability, you can't see the benefits of the article. As long as you can come in, don't forget to read the article later, so much the better. The more you improve your reading ability, the more you will understand what you didn't know before.