Historical figures (Han Dynasty)
His ancestors were nobles in Yingchuan County, South Korea, and his third generation was Prime Minister Ji. After Qin destroyed Korea, he tried to restore South Korea and make friends with assassins. He tried to attack Qin Shihuang in Gubolangsha (southeast of Yuanyang, Henan Province) and fled to Xiapi (now Gupi Town, Suining County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). In the peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty, he led his troops to Liu Bang, and soon lobbied Liang's nobles to become the King of Korea and became a disciple of Han Shen. Han Shentu led an army to help pacify Guanzhong, and after Liu Bangxi entered Wuguan, he broke the enemy with one move. Help Liu bang escape from danger at the Hongmen banquet; When the Pakistani merchants were enfeoffed, "Please call Hanzhong the Hanwang". Later, Wang Cheng of South Korea was killed by Xiang Yu and returned to Liu Bang to become his important counselor. During the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang adopted the strategy of "long-term pacification of the world", put forward the strategy of not establishing the descendants of the six countries, uniting Ying Bu and Peng Yue, and reusing Han Xin, and advocated pursuing Xiang Yu and annihilating the Chu army. Houhou was founded in the Han Dynasty. Seeing that Liu Bang sealed the old friendship, he punished the old personal grudges and persuaded Liu Bang to seal the hatred against Yongchi and dispel doubts. Liu Bang once praised him for "strategizing, winning a thousand miles and winning the ovary". See Historical Records, Hou Shi Family and Zhang Han Liangchuan History.
Zhuge Liang also cares about the country, is close to the people, shows etiquette, is an official, is subordinate to power, and is sincere and fair; Although people who are loyal to the times will be rewarded, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. "Three Kingdoms": I am unprepared, and my heirs are young and weak. Therefore, Wu Dong is connected with the outside world, while South Vietnam is in inner peace. The application of legislation, the arrangement of the army, and the study of mechanical tools and techniques are to the extreme. Science and education are strict, rewards and punishments are credible, no evil is not punished, and no good is not obvious. As for officials, rape is not allowed, people are willing to fall, and the road is not picked up. The strong do not invade the weak, and the weathering is severe. ? Three Kingdoms: Li Shu remembered his thoughts and thought he was honest. Today, the people of Liang and Yi are talking to the bright, and their words are still in their ears. Although Gan Tang sang a song and Zheng sang a song, there is no way to compare them. Monk said: "Let the people use the road to escape, although they don't complain; Killing people with life, although not angry. " Believe it! Critics may blame Guangming's poor writing style, but Tai Ding Ninghua. I foolishly thought it was the Great Sage who was strange, and Duke Zhou was also a saint. As a result of the examination of history, the blame was simple and elegant, and the Duke of Zhou was annoyed and learned. What is this? Blame and shun, yu * * * talk, duke of zhou and his ministers swear. Bright words are all mortal, so their words refer to the distance. However, his last words are all things, and his sincerity is shaped in writing and ink, which is enough to know his meaning and make up for the present. Zhuge Liang made full use of the favorable economic conditions in Hanzhong, and during his stay in Hanzhong, he took a series of effective measures to develop production according to local conditions to persuade farmers, so that the resources of the Northern Expedition Army were basically solved on the spot. After Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu army retreated, and Wei Jun still "rewarded more books and more food" in the Shu camp. This just shows that the effect of Zhuge Liang's persuasion of agriculture and the implementation of military farming war is remarkable. When the local people live well, they can attract more people, make Hanzhong, a vast and sparsely populated city, develop again, gradually achieve a virtuous circle of more people and more food, and let the people "live and work in peace and contentment". Only Qiang Bing, a rich country, can maintain the long-term stability of the ruling class. Water conservancy projects such as "He Shan Dam" built by Zhuge Liang are still the largest irrigation projects in Hanzhong area. According to Mr. Li Yizhi's investigation, "Bashangzan City in He Shan has more than 8,000 mu of farmland, Zhengxian County in Guannan has 30,600 mu, and Jiuxian County has 7,000 mu, with * * 46,000 mu." The six famous pools in Hanzhong are still in use today. According to archaeological survey statistics, since the Han Dynasty, there are still more than 70 ancient weirs in the whole region, and some weirs and canals have been used and maintained for generations, which have been extended to this day. At the same time, on the basis of inheriting and learning the experience of ancient water resources development and utilization, various localities have continuously built a large number of water conservancy facilities such as ponds, reservoirs and ponds. In Mianxian County alone, 37 reservoirs have been built, with a storage capacity of100000 cubic meters. There are more than 300 ponds and ponds; There are more than 50 thousand mu of winter paddy fields. The above facts show that the practical utility and continuous improvement and utilization of ancient farmland water conservancy facilities in Hanzhong basin are inseparable from Zhuge Liang's great achievements in opening up farmland, building water conservancy and developing production when he advised agriculture in Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang loved calligraphy and trained hard when he was young. He can write all kinds of fonts and is good at seal script, eight-part essay and cursive script. ? Tao Hongjing, a great calligrapher in the Southern Dynasties, recorded in The Record of Swords: "In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (AD 22 1 year), eight swords were made of gold and Niu Shan iron, each three feet and six inches ... This is the place where Kong Ming wrote the style corner." . Li Yu's "Gu Ding Lu" records: "Zhuge Liang killed Xinmeile Co., Ltd. and decided to build a tripod and bury it in Hanchuan. Its text says: Ding Dingjun. He also made eight tripod arrays, which sank in Yong 'an water, all of which were big seals. " ? " In the second year of Zhangwu (A.D. 222), Hanchuan cast a tripod, named Hanke tripod, set point C, and wrote an eight-point book ... Another tripod was cast in Wudan Mountain, Chengdu, named Zen tripod; Another tripod was cast in Jianshan Pass, named Jianshan tripod. There is also Xiao Zhuan, which is the trace of Wuhou. " ? " In the third year of Zhangwu (A.D. 223), the meaning was "Two Ding" and "One with King Lu". Richness suits a prince. ; First, use Liang Wang, and the article says:' Universiade should be king. There are also ancient official scripts, three feet high, which are all traces of Wuhou. "Zhou Yue's Ancient and Modern Law Bookstore in the Northern Song Dynasty also recorded:" The ancient masters of Shu tasted three Ding, and all of them scored eight points in the seal of Wuhou, which was wonderful. " .？ Tao Hongjing in the Southern Dynasties was only more than 200 years away from Zhuge Liang, and his knowledge and account should be based on facts. ? Zhang Yanyuan described the painting prices of some modern painters at that time, such as Yan and Wu Daozi: "A screen is worth 20,000 yuan, and a threshold is worth 15,000 yuan." "A screen is worth ten thousand yuan. "He also said that the works of Han and Wei (that is, ancient) painters were already' national treasures' in the Tang Dynasty." Future wealth. "Zhang Yanyuan's account shows Zhuge Liang's historical position and artistic achievements in the history of fine arts in China. ? Zhuge Liang is proficient in temperament, likes playing the piano and singing, and has a high musical accomplishment. This aspect is described in ancient books. Chen Shou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang records:? " Xuanzu, a bright and educated Mu, makes good use of it. "Xi Chishao's Old Records of Xiangyang": "Xiangyang has Kongming's old residence ... The mountain on the west side of the house is close to the water, and Kongming often climbs mountains. This drum instrument is called "Song of Fu Liang" because this mountain is called Leshan. "Of course, there is Wolong, which is a real swan song." ZTE Bibliography records: "? Qin Jing,? Zhuge Liang wrote about the beginning of piano making, the sound of seven strings and the meaning of thirteen emblems. "thank you?" "Qin Lun" also records: "Zhuge Liang wrote Fu Liangyin? . " ? " "Geographical Records" records: "There is a stone harp in Wuhou Temple in Dingjun Mountain, which is very clear and it is said that it was left by Wuhou. "From where? The above records are enough to show that Zhuge Liang's cultivation is very comprehensive and he is very good at music. Wei's artistic achievements. He is good at vocal music-he can sing; Also good at instrumental music-good at playing the piano; At the same time, he also composed music and lyrics, and made musical instruments-lyre and Qin Shi. Not only that, he also wrote a monograph on music theory-Qin Jing.
Personal invention
Wooden Oxen and Gliding Horses
Explain the wooden human walking transport equipment with mobile containers. The source is Jin's biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhuge Liang: "Ming is smarter than ingenuity, and the profit and loss are linked."
steamed bread
It is said that Zhuge Liang settled Meng Huo's team and returned to North Korea, but he could not cross Lushui. According to custom, he sacrificed 49 heads. The next day, Zhuge Liang made a head with flour and meat instead of a sacrificial head. Since then, there have been many sacrificial offerings, including pigs, cows and sheep, as well as steamed buns. Another table: steamed bread originally refers to replacing the head of the captured barbarian for sacrifice, so it is called steamed bread. Later, in order to avoid it, it was changed into steamed bread, and with food, it became the current steamed bread.
Sky Lantern
Kongming Lantern, also known as Sky Lantern, is said to have been invented by Zhu Gekongming (Zhuge Liang) during the Three Kingdoms period. At that time, Zhu Gekongming was besieged by Sima Yi in Yuping, unable to send troops out of the city for help. Kong Ming calculated the wind direction, made a floating paper lantern, tied with the message for help, and then escaped as expected, so later generations called this lantern Kong Ming Lantern. Another way of saying this is that this lantern looks like a hat worn by Zhu Gekongming, hence its name.
Zhuge Liang crossbow
During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang of Shu made a crossbow called Rong Yuan crossbow, which can shoot ten arrows in a short time. It is very lethal, but its size and weight are too large for individual soldiers to use. Mainly used to defend cities and camps.
Eight sides fortress
Eight arrays are named after heaven, earth, wind, clouds, dragons, tigers, birds and snakes, and China's army is nine arrays. Zhong Jun is composed of sixteen small arrays, and the surrounding eight arrays are each composed of six small arrays, making a total of sixty-four small arrays. In the Eight-Array Diagram, the sky, the earth, the wind and the clouds are the "four positive", while the dragon (blue dragon), tiger (white tiger), bird (suzaku) and snake (snake) are the "four strange". In addition, there are 24 arrays in the rear for maneuvering. In addition, Zhuge Liang also invented Kongmingsuo, wooden beasts, mines and so on.
Guo Jia's Analysis of Cao Cao's "Ten Victory"
The first is "Tao wins". As a clan warlord, Yuan Shao's manners are numerous and chaotic, which is determined by his form. Cao Cao's "using nature" conforms to the times and events, and "Tao" is superior. The second is "righteousness wins". Cao Cao's "submission to lead the world" conforms to the historical trend and is moral. The third is "ruling victory." Guo Jia analyzed history and reality from a politician's point of view, and thought that the rebellion at the end of the Han Dynasty was the ruler's "leniency", while Yuan Shao helped him with leniency, so there was nothing to resist. Cao Cao's management measures of combining leniency with severity are timely. The fourth is "winning". Yuan Shao is generous in appearance, suspicious in heart and cronyism to his children; Cao Cao, on the other hand, is "there is no doubt about employing people, and he is talented, regardless of distance", and his tolerance and mind are better than Yuan Shao's. The fifth is "winning". Yuan Shao is helpless and indecisive; Cao Cao is alert and courageous, "the strain is endless." The sixth is "Desheng". Yuan Shao's fame and reputation, like to be touted, "scholars have more kind words than decorators"; Cao Cao treats scholars with sincerity; "Don't value vanity", pay attention to practicality, reward and punishment, "be generous to those who have made meritorious deeds", and those loyal, forward-looking and pragmatic scholars "are willing to use it". The seventh is "benevolence wins". Yuan Shaohuai is kind to women and sympathizes with those who are hungry, but "he can't rest assured." This is not a politician's mind. Cao Cao may be careless about the small things in front of him, but he is "thoughtful and wicked" about the big things in the world. His kindness is everywhere. The eighth is "Ming Sheng". Yuan Shao was puzzled by the slanders, and Cao Cao clearly distinguished right from wrong, saying, "It is useless to control the enemy with Tao, but to infiltrate." . The ninth is "Vincent". Yuan Shao doesn't distinguish right from wrong. Cao Cao's "courtesy" is correct and "righteousness" is incorrect. The tenth is "Vu Thang". Yuan Shao's use of troops is "being good for nothing, not knowing the desire for soldiers", while Cao Cao's use of troops is like a god, and his soldiers are dependent on it, and the enemy is afraid of it. At present, Guo Jia pointed out that these ten aspects, including political measures, policies and decrees, organizational line, ideological accomplishment, tolerance, personality, style of writing and military strategy, are the key to the success of the cause. Guo Jia's summary of "Ten Wins" for Cao Cao may also be a compliment to Cao Cao, who is new here, or an encouragement and request to Cao Cao. I hope he can hold on to the "ten victories", complete the great cause of unifying the world, and have a bright future for himself ... Any speculation is of little significance. In any case, Guo Jia can say this "ten wins", which shows that he is not only an adviser who improvises, but also has a complete theory. No wonder Cao Cao was full of praise after listening. "If you want to be a big business, you must be this person." Therefore, "the watch offers wine to the Air Force."
Zhuge Liang is a generalist and Guo Jia is a young man. Maybe they are more popular.