Excellent lesson plan for the Chinese language "Two Poems by Su Shi" in the second volume of the second year of high school
Learning objectives
1. Understand the artistic characteristics of the two poems; learn to be a bold poet Characteristics of the style of the two masterpieces.
2. Learn the writing method of nostalgic poetry that combines description of scenery, chanting history, and lyricism, and blends scenes.
3. Understand the ideological content and contemporary significance of the two poems, and understand and correctly analyze the author’s thoughts and feelings.
Key points and difficulties in teaching
1. Understand the ideological content of the work, and appreciate the broad-minded and far-reaching artistic conception and the author's open-minded feelings.
2. Understand the philosophy of life contained in the words.
The class is preset for two lessons
Usage and study method guidance
1. Read it repeatedly, and fully perceive the emotions of the ideological leaders expressed in the words, and understand The poetry has beautiful artistic conception, beautiful language and beautiful rhythm.
2. Guide students to appreciate the "picture beauty" in the lyrics by guiding them to appreciate the language, and appreciate the heroic, powerful and magnificent artistic conception of the lyrics.
Tutorial process
1. Preview before class
1. Author and his works: Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zizhan, pseudonym Dongpo A layman from Meishan, Meizhou. Jiayou's second year. He and his younger brother Su Zhezhong were awarded Jinshi together. Due to political disagreements with the establishment, he was repeatedly demoted. In 1079, he was even accused of writing a poem that satirized the new law and was imprisoned. Later, he was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian. Su Shi was an outstanding writer and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. His writing is clear and fluent, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are fresh, bold and unique in style. He is a bold and unrestrained poet, and together with Xin Qiji, he is called "Su Xin", which has a great influence on future generations. He is good at calligraphy in both running and regular script. He not only learned from his predecessors, but also created his own ideas. Together with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu, he is known as one of the "Four Masters of Song Dynasty". It can be said that the bold spirit and unique artistic style expressed in his poems, lyrics and articles represented the highest achievement of literature at that time.
This poem was written in July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), the fifth year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. It was written by Su Shi after he visited Chibiji outside Huanggang City. Su Shi, who was relegated to Huangzhou and served as the deputy envoy of the regiment training, felt that he was getting older and his career and fame had not been achieved. He was depressed and had various associations when he looked at the scenery.
"The Su Dongpo in Huangzhou is the mature Su Dongpo. This maturity is a kind of calmness that no longer needs to observe others' looks, an atmosphere that finally stops complaining to the surroundings, a kind of A smile that ignores the commotion, a kind of indifference that washes away the extreme, a kind of thickness that does not need to be stretched, a kind of height that is not steep."
(Yu Qiuyu's "Su Dongpo Breaks Out")
Write two sentences after recalling Su Shi's famous quotes (see who has accumulated more famous quotes, 4 minutes)
(1) Be knowledgeable and make reservations, and accumulate thickly. Thin hair
(2) I don’t know the true face of Mount Lu, just because I am in this mountain
(3) Changhuai River suddenly passes across the sky, far and near, the green mountains are as low as the boat for a long time
(4) To write a book is based on reason rather than power, to convince people with sincerity rather than words
(5) To set the trend by advocating virtue, to practice but forget the benefits, to cultivate and forget the reputation
(6) The great river goes east, and the waves are gone, and the romantic figures of the ages
(7) The great river comes from thousands of mountains, and the mountains are all the same as the river flowing east
(8) If you are brave enough Cowardice, great wisdom is like foolishness
(9) I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to meet the beautiful women
(10) Work hard to know all the words in the world, and be determined to read all the books in the world
(11) Those who achieved great things in ancient times were not only talented, but also had perseverance
(12) Viewed from the side, there are ridges and peaks, with different heights from near and far
(13) Rocks pierce through the sky, stormy waves hit the shore, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up
(14) When will the bright moon come, ask the blue sky for wine
(15) Where is the end of the world? There is no grass everywhere, but I am passionate but I am ruthlessly annoyed
2. Write the phonetic notes of the following highlighted words: (Self-read and memorize, 2 minutes)
Therefore (lěi) Feather Fan Lunkerchief (guān) Qiang Lǔ (qiáng lǔ)
Early birth of beautiful hair (huā fà) Majestic and heroic hair (fā) Returning to the moon in the river (huán lèi)
3. Solve the problem (Fill in the blanks based on the notes, 2 minutes)
"Niannujiao Nostalgia at Chibi" was written by Su Shi when he was exiled to Huangzhou and visited Chibi. At this time, the author was 47 years old. He felt that he had not yet achieved fame and career, so he expressed his feelings through nostalgia.
"Ding Feng Bo" is a narrative and lyrical work, written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082) when he was exiled to Huangzhou. According to the record in Volume 1 of "Dongpo Zhilin": "Thirty miles southeast of Huangzhou is a sand lake, also known as Luosidian. During the period when I was buying a field, I fell ill because I went to Xiangtian..." Although this poem and the preface focus on expressing The detached and contented state of life in which he walked slowly and let the rain hit him. In fact, the spring rain and the cold spring breeze made Su Shi sick. But Su Shi did not mention his illness, but spoke directly about his thoughts.
4. Summary of knowledge points (session design can be summarized and organized by paragraphs, pre-class preview thinking, and collaborative presentation.)
(1) "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" (36 minutes)
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Previous film
(1) The first, second and third sentences have always been praised by people. Can anyone tell me what are the advantages of it?
As soon as the poem begins, the world is clear. , history, and characters come into view one by one, arousing nostalgic thoughts. The realm is broad and the atmosphere is magnificent, covering the whole word. Going eastward, sweeping away everything, arousing all our yearnings. How can "waves" wash away the romantic figures of the ages? It is obviously the author's emotions at work, which makes countless outstanding figures disappear forever in the poet's field of vision like the rolling water of the Yangtze River. Thinking of the passage of river water and the ruthlessness of time triggers historical imagination, which is very natural. We know that Confucius has long lamented that "the dead are like a husband". These three sentences combine scene description and lyrical discussion seamlessly. It gives people a strong emotional impact and leads to thoughts about history and life.
(2) What do the fourth and fifth sentences point out? Why do we need to borrow other people’s words to write about Chibi?
The fourth sentence introduces the "romantic figures" in history, and this sentence further proposes " "Three Kingdoms Zhou Lang Chibi" serves as the main idea, and the article develops from there.
The three words "humanity is" are used very skillfully, pointing out that Chibi here is not necessarily the location of the Battle of Chibi. The poet just uses this to express his feelings and does not want to be a textual critic.
(3) What kind of scenery of Red Cliff is written in the sixth, seventh and eighth sentences? What is its function?
The first, second and third sentences always write about the Yangtze River, which arouses people's nostalgia. Thoughts, these few sentences specifically describe the scenery of Red Cliff. First, write the stone walls on the river bank, "chaotic" to describe the dangers and strange things, and "piercing" to describe the high valleys. Then write about the waves on the river, "surprise" describes the turbulence, and "shoot" describes the situation of water and stone fighting against each other. The "volume" sentence describes the strange scene of splashing waves and turbulent waves. The sounds, colors, and postures are all lifelike. In these few sentences, the author grasps the highly visible and changing images of cliffs, steep walls, stormy waves, and waves, and paints a bold and majestic picture. He also hints at the thrilling story of the Battle of Red Cliff. The scenes and the majestic postures of the heroes reflect the author's heroic efforts.
(4)What role do the ninth and tenth sentences play in the whole article?
This sentence connects the previous and the following. "The country is picturesque" is a conclusion drawn from the scenery in front of you. The country is so beautiful, and the characters are all heroes. Wouldn’t the Yangtze River and the Red Cliff arouse people’s nostalgia for the past? This leads to the following paragraph of lyrical sentiment.
(5) Summarize the content of the previous film.
The description of the Red Cliff scene arouses the memory of ancient heroes and is full of the desire to make achievements.
Next film
(1) The scene is rewritten in the first film, and the word "remote thoughts" in the second film is connected with the previous one. The heart is yearning for Zhou Yu who lived eight hundred and seventy-four years ago. It appears in the majestic and magnificent scenery of Red Cliff described by the author. Read the first six sentences of the next film and discuss what kind of image Su Shi portrays of Zhou Yu?
Clearly: It describes the heroic image of Zhou Yu as a majestic, heroic, graceful and elegant hero. In "Xiao Qiao's First Marriage", the beauty complements the hero, and the story is full of majesty and grace. According to historical records, in the third year of Jian'an (198), Qiao Xuan married his beautiful second daughter to Zhou Yu. Soon after, Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu, appointed Zhou Yu as the governor. At this time, Zhou Yu was only twenty-four years old. "Feather Fan Lun Turban" describes Zhou Yuru's general attire, holding a feather fan in hand and wearing a Lun Turban on his head. He is calm and elegant, showing the demeanor of a Confucian general. "While talking and laughing, the cannons and oars disappeared into ashes", the disastrous defeat of Cao Cao's navy is used to set off Zhou Yu's commander Ruoding's contempt for powerful enemies. Xiao Qiao's first marriage was ten years after the Battle of Chibi (the 13th year of Jian'an and the 34th year of Yu). They are written together to highlight the image of Zhou Yu's success as a young man and his achievements.
(2) Discuss why the author focuses on describing Zhou Yu as young, promising and heroic.
Express admiration for the heroic achievements and arouse the sadness of not being able to make achievements. Su Wu was forty-seven years old. Not only did he not make any achievements, but he was punished by Huangzhou. Nostalgic for the past and present, full of emotions. The following sentences are written about my frustration and sentimentality.
(3) How do the last five sentences express feelings about life?
"Wandering in the Homeland" continues the above and expresses the passionate yearning for the heroic era and heroic figures. This yearning becomes ridiculous in the face of the reality that he has accomplished nearly half a century of work with gray hair on his temples.
"If you are sentimental, you should laugh at me" is an inverted sentence and must be interpreted as: I should be laughed at because I am sentimental. Here, I write about my own sentimentality in a self-deprecating way, feeling depressed, and finally express the emotion of "life is like a dream" to echo the first three sentences. Heroes and great achievements are all fleeting and fleeting, but they are also open-minded and repay the moon with unrestrained wine.
(4) Summary of the second part:
The first layer of the second layer describes the image of Zhou Yu, and the second layer expresses the sigh of life experience, a natural combination of historical chanting and lyrical emotion.
4. Summarize the artistic characteristics and thoughts and feelings of this poem.
(1) Artistic characteristics.
This poem combines scenery description, history chanting and lyricism. The language is concise and vivid, the artistic conception is magnificent and broad, and it has moving artistic charm.
(2) Thoughts and feelings.
The poem expresses Su Shi's complex and contradictory thoughts. Su Shi was deeply influenced by the thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. On the one hand, he admired Qu Yuan, Zhuge Liang, Lu Zhi and other figures in the economic era. He hoped to respect the Lord, care about the country, and longed to make contributions; on the other hand, he loved Tao Qian and admired Lao Zhuang. Able to maintain a detached and open-minded attitude in the face of dangerous political adversity. He also had close contacts with monks and became proficient in Zen.
The three schools of thought of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are originally contradictory, but Su Shi was accustomed to treat political thought and life thought differently, and unified them in the form of "external Confucianism and internal Taoism", thus forming the positive and positive world view of Su Shi The enterprising spirit is intertwined with the nihilistic attitude of waiting for life and death, right and wrong. The magnificent country and heroic deeds in this poem not only aroused his heroic and energetic feelings, but also deepened his ideological contradictions, making him feel that "life is like a dream". This poem has a dual color of excitement and sentimentality. Su Shi's sadness arose from the fact that his ardent desire to make great achievements could not be realized. We should understand more of his passion and thinking about his career and life instead of being sad.
"Life is like a dream" can in turn inspire our pursuit of life, which is the purpose of this poem. From the linguistic perspective of this poem, "endeavour" overwhelms "injury". The artistic conception is magnificent and the style is bold, reflecting Su Shi's broad mind.
(2) "Ding Fengbo" (20 minutes)
(1) What is the author's purpose of writing the preface? What role does this preface play in our interpretation of this poem?
Clearly: From the "I did this on purpose" in the last sentence of the preface, we can see that the author's purpose of writing the preface is to explain why he wrote this poem. "Rain on the road to Shahu" tells us that this poem was written by the author after he encountered rain on his way back to Shahu to see the fields. The author went to Shahu to look at the fields because he wanted to live in Shahu until his old age. From his desire to buy land here for the rest of his life, it can be seen that the status quo is already like this. Redressing one's grievances and getting reinstated cannot be achieved by just thinking about it and fighting for it. There is no way or ability to change this status quo. Under such circumstances, he no longer complained about others and was pessimistic and depressed. Instead, he settled down and planned his life, which just reflected his positive, optimistic, broad-minded and free-spirited side. No matter what kind of wind and rain he encounters, no matter what kind of blow he suffers, no matter where he is demoted, Su Shi can adapt to the circumstances, follow the local customs, and take root. Such examples occurred many times during Su Shi's long career of being demoted, such as when he was demoted to the more remote Huizhou.
(2) How to understand the feelings expressed in "Ding Feng Bo"?
Clearly: When traveling in the wild and suddenly encountering rain, most people will panic to avoid the rain, but the poet uses calm words He persuaded in his tone: "Don't listen to the sound of leaves beating in the forest, why not whistling and walking slowly." Walking slowly in the wind and rain, reciting poems and whistling, is indeed a state of contentment that is not affected by the environment. Holding a bamboo cane and wearing straw sandals, it is far more agile and comfortable than official uniforms and riding horses. It is already the attire of "bamboo cane and mango shoes". Who would be afraid of losing something? "A coop of mist and rain will lead a lifetime", the poet said at this time What appears in the eyes is no longer this short-term change in nature, but the storm in the journey of life. This sentence is full of artistic tension and broadens the realm of the whole word. Su Shi had a rough life and was baptized by political ups and downs many times, but this also tempered his strong will. In the face of the wind and rain, he did not panic, did not escape, did not feel sad, took it calmly, and was cool and calm. This is Su Shi's most charming personality. Brilliance.
The second part of the poem describes the psychological feelings after the rain has passed and the sky has cleared up. It was stormy just now, but in a blink of an eye, "the mountain tops are shining slantingly, but they are welcoming each other." The sunshine and rain in life are just like the changes in nature, capricious. How to face such a reality? The poet gave his own answer: "Looking back, I am always bleak. When I return home, there will be neither wind nor rain." When he looked back on the ups and downs he had gone through, he actually reached a state of broad-minded life in which he could forget both favor and disgrace.
(3) How should we understand the two sentences in "Ding Feng Bo": "A coop of mist and rain let us live our whole life" and "There is neither wind or rain nor sunshine"?
Clearly: these two sentences are He said that even though he encountered sudden wind and rain, he was as calm and fearless as if he were walking in the rain wearing a raincoat. In the author's eyes, there is no difference whether it is windy and rainy or sunny. Wind and rain here refers not only to wind and rain in nature, but also to wind and rain in life and political wind and rain. Judging from the author's political situation at the time, it is obvious that he used it as a metaphor for his own life experiences and attitude towards life.
(4) What kind of state of life can we see about Su Shi?
Clearly: a state of attainment: calm, calm, leisurely and tranquil. There is a peace that is not affected by any external factors. I think this sentence is rich in meaning and profound in thought. Only by chewing and savoring it repeatedly can we interpret it thoroughly and deeply understand Su Shi's thoughts and feelings. Su Shi encountered ups and downs in his life, suffered repeated blows, was demoted for a long time, and endured too many storms in life and politics. The suffering life has tempered his will, making him accustomed to all kinds of blows and setbacks. Therefore, he does not panic, is not afraid, does not flinch, and takes it calmly and calmly. This sentence vividly depicts Su Shi's magnanimity, mind and attitude towards life. It embodies the central idea of ??the whole word and is the finishing touch of the whole word.
(5) Discussion and summary of the full text of "Ding Fengbo":
The author uses a common little thing in life-encountering rain on the way, and uses the topic to express his feelings under various blows and In the face of setbacks, he does not panic, does not flinch, does not lose heart, and has an open-minded state of mind to deal with it calmly; it shows the superb state of life of not being happy about things, not being sad about oneself, and not being surprised by favors and disgrace. This is a philosophy of life that is very enlightening for us on how to go through the ups and downs of life and create a brilliant tomorrow.
College Entrance Examination Link (10 minutes)
Read Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi's Hunting in Mizhou" and "Jiangchengzi's Dreams on the Twentieth Day of the First Month of the First Month" by Su Shi, and answer the questions.
Jiangchengzi went hunting in Mizhou
The old man was chatting like a teenager, holding a yellow hand on his left hand, holding a blue sky on his right hand, wearing a brocade hat and mink fur coat, and riding thousands of horses on a flat hill. In order to repay the beautiful city, he followed the prefect, shot the tiger himself, and watched Sun Lang. ?I am drunk with wine, my chest and courage are still open, and there is a slight frost on my temples, so why not! In the clouds of Zhijie, when will I send Feng Tang②? I will draw the eagle bow like a full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf③.
Notes: ① Shoot the tiger yourself and watch Sun Lang: "The Biography of Sun Quan, Wu Shu of the Three Kingdoms": "In October of the twenty-third year of (Jian'an), General Quan, like Wu, personally rode on his horse to shoot the tiger at (ling ) Pavilion. The horse was wounded by the tiger, Quan threw his two halberds, but the tiger was defeated. He often followed Zhang Shi and used the sword to win. "Here is the poet comparing himself to Sun Quan. ② When will Feng Tang be sent to Yunzhong in Chijie: "Historical Records Zhang Shi's Biography of Feng Tang" records that during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Wei Shang was the prefect of Yunzhong County, and the Xiongnu did not dare to invade. Later, he was dismissed from his post and sentenced because six more heads were reported on his crime report. Feng Tang pointed out that Emperor Wen's rewards and punishments were inappropriate. Emperor Wen adopted Feng Tang's opinion and sent Feng Tang to pardon Wei Shang with justice, and appointed Wei Shang as the governor of Yunzhong. Festival, a talisman made of bamboo held by the messenger. Yunzhong, the name of Han County, is located in the area of ??Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region today. The poet compares himself with Wei Shang, saying, when will someone be sent to forgive my faults and enable me to be reused? ③Sirius: star name, a dog star, the master of invasion, here refers to Liao and Xia.
Jiang Chengzi’s dream on the night of the 20th day of the first lunar month of Yi Mao
Note: This poem is the author’s tribute to his deceased wife. Su Shi's first wife, Wang Fu, had a docile temperament, a good deeds, and a good knowledge of poetry and calligraphy. She was of great help to Su Shi in observing words and understanding people. After marriage, the couple had a deep love. Unfortunately, she married Su Shi at the age of sixteen and died suddenly in the capital Bianjing at the age of 27. In June of the second year, he was buried in Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan Province). Since then, the poet's life has undergone great changes. He has moved north and south, has no fixed residence, and cannot calm down to express his longing for his deceased wife. This poem was written by the author when he was the magistrate of Mizhou. At this time, Wang Fu had been dead for ten years. On the night of the 20th of the first lunar month, the poet met Wang Fu in a dream and wrote this sincere and touching poem. Lyrics.
1. The word card of these two poems is Jiang Chengzi, and their titles are "Hunting in Mizhou" and "Remembering Dreams on the Night of the Twentieth Day of the First Month of Yi Mao" respectively.
2. The upper part of the first poem depicts the magnificent scene of the prefect leading the crowd to hunt through scene description and quotation of allusions; the lower part "will pull the carved bow like the full moon, "Look northwest, shoot at Sirius" uses vivid action descriptions to create an image of a hero who draws his bow and shoots vigorously, expressing his ambition to fight against foreign enemies and defend his homeland. The whole poem has the word "Crazy" throughout the text, and the artistic conception is grand. Magnificent, the writing is majestic, shocking, passionate, arrogant, and arrogant. In terms of the style of Ci
, it belongs to the bold and unrestrained style.
3. The second poem belongs to the graceful school in terms of style. The first film narrates reality and expresses the poet's deep longing for his deceased wife. The next film describes the dream, "Xiaoxuan window, dressing up" depicts the image of the wife through detailed description, depicting a daily life picture of dressing up in front of the window, in order to express my feelings for the harmonious and happy couple in the past. The recollection and yearning for life, "looking at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears" express the deep emotions that silence is better than sound at this time. The last three sentences are the poet's emotion after waking up from his dream, "On a bright moonlit night, short pine trees", using empathy to enter the scene, depicting the scene of Wang Fu's cemetery thousands of miles away, rendering a kind of The desolate and sad artistic conception contains the endless sadness and longing between husband and wife.
4. According to the different styles of the bold and graceful schools, you can choose your own angle to compare and appreciate the two poems. You can give a short answer or write a short commentary. Tips:
(1) In terms of thoughts and feelings:
In the words "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting", the top line depicts the prefecture hunting with thousands of horses galloping like a tide, and the crowds watching like a crowd. The magnificent scene of the blockage reproduces the scene of the poet "talking about being a teenager". The lower part describes the poet's "juvenile madness" mind and expresses his patriotic enthusiasm for defending the country and killing enemies inspired by hunting. The emotional tone is passionate and wild.
The phrase "Jiangchengzi's Dream on the 20th day of the first lunar month of Yimao" is a mourning poem written in memory of his original wife Wang Fu, which expresses the poet's deep nostalgia for his deceased wife. The emotions are deep, delicate, and pathos.
(2) Expression techniques and artistic conception creation:
"Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting" mainly depicts grand and spectacular scenes, depicts specific characters, uses allusions and direct expressions The use of imagination and other techniques creates a "wild and heroic" artistic conception.
"Jiang Chengzi's Dreams on the Twentieth Day of the First Month of the First Month" mainly uses techniques such as direct expression of emotions, integrating emotions into the scene, describing life details, and line drawing to render a "bleak and sad" artistic conception.
(3) Language style:
The language of "Jiangchengzi's Hunting in Mizhou" is bold, unrestrained, free and unrestrained. It uses exaggeration to the fullest, and uses concise and thick allusions. Make the lyrics rich in content and profound in thought.
The language of "Jiangchengzi's Dreams on the 20th Night of the First Month of the First Month" is plain and simple, as if telling a story about home life, every word comes from the heart, it is natural and extremely conscious, and it embodies the sincerity in the plainness.
Translation of "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting":
Although I am old, I have the enthusiasm of a young man for hunting. I hold the yellow dog in my left hand and raise the eagle in my right hand. Putting on his brocade hat and mink fur, he led his entourage of thousands of cavalry across the flat hills. In order to repay the kindness of the whole city for following me on hunting expeditions, watching me shoot tigers myself was like Sun Lang in the past.
Although I am intoxicated, I am open-minded and bold, and my white hair on my temples is like a slight frost, so what does it matter! When will I send people with talismans to the clouds in the border areas, just like Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty sent Feng Tang. I will draw the eagle bow with all my strength, look northwest, and bravely shoot the enemy Sirius.
Translation of "Jiangchengzi's Dream on the 20th day of the first lunar month of Yimao":
The two died once in their lives and were separated for ten years, with little news. Don’t miss it, but it’s unforgettable. My wife's lonely grave is thousands of miles away, and there is no place to talk to her about the desolate situation. Even if we meet, I don't expect to know each other, because I am running around, my face is covered with dust, and my temples are like frost.
At night, I suddenly returned to my hometown in a vague dream, and saw my wife dressing up in front of the small window. The two looked at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. In the place where I expected my heart to be broken every year, the bright moon shines on the graveyard with small pine trees at night.
Recitation consolidation (15 minutes) Conduct study group recitation and dictation competitions.