Chu Suiliang (596 ~ 658)
Minister in the early Tang Dynasty, calligrapher. Originally from Yang Zhai, Henan (now Yuxian, Henan), he moved south to Qiantang, Hangzhou (now West of Hangzhou, Zhejiang) at the end of Jin Dynasty. Father Chu Liang, one of the 18 bachelors of Li Shimin Literature Museum, King of Qin. The official is straight and scattered, riding a regular waiter. In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), he was transferred from the secretary lang to the living lang. He was good at calligraphy and was recommended to Taizong by Wei Zhi for his good books, which was appreciated. In fifteen years, he advised Taizong to suspend meditation. In the same year, the living lang moved to advise the doctor. In Zhenguan, Taizong doted on the fourth son, Wei Wangtai, and Sui Liang proposed that the treatment of princes and kings should have certain specifications. In the seventeenth year, Prince Chenggan was abolished for murdering Wei Wangtai, so Sui Liang and Changsun Wuji persuaded Taizong to establish his ninth son, King Li Zhi of Jin, as the prince (that is, Li Zhi, Tang Gaozong). The following year, Sui Liang was appointed as assistant minister of Huangmen, and took part in the state affairs. When Taizong planned the expedition to Koguryo, he held different opinions, especially against Taizong's personal expedition. Twenty-two years for the secretariat, twenty-three years, when Taizong died, he and Mowgli were called as ministers of life. In the first year of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui (65), Sui Liang bought the land of the target audience of Chinese books at a low price, which was disintegrated and became the secretariat of the same state. In three years, he was called back, served as the minister of history department, and served as the prime minister again. For four years, he shot for the right servant of Shangshu. In six years, Emperor Gaozong wanted to abolish the Queen Wang and made Wu Zhaoyi the Queen. He believed that the Queen of the Kings was from a famous family, and there was nothing wrong with it. She tried her best to oppose the abolition of the legislature, and was thus demoted to the governor of Tanzhou, transferred to the governor of Guangxi (now Guilin), and demoted to the secretariat of Aizhou (now Qinghua, Vietnam). In the third year of Xianqing (658), he died in any place.
Chu Suiliang, Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Xue Ji were four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. His calligraphy works handed down from generation to generation are inscribed with Preface to the Three Monks of the Tang Dynasty, The Story of the Yique Buddhist Shrine, The Monument to Master Meng, The Monument to Fang Xuanling, The Preface to the Holy Teaching of Yanta, etc., and the ink is passed down as Ni Kuanzan.
Zhang Xu (date of birth and death unknown), whose name is Bo Gao, was a Suzhou native and once served as a commandant of Changshu County. Great calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. It is famous for cursive writing. Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty once sent a rare imperial edict to the whole country: Li Bai's poems and songs, Zhang Xu's cursive script and Fei Min's sword dance can become the "three wonders" in the world. Handed down from ancient times, there are
Huai Su (737 ~ 799)
China Tang Dynasty calligrapher. The common surname is money, but the word hides the truth. Yongzhou Lingling (now Yongzhou, Hunan) people. Become a monk since childhood. Good at cursive writing, good at drinking, every time you get drunk, you will write a book, and you will be called a drunken monk. Its cursive brushwork is thin and round, flying naturally, and its statutes are complete. It is said that when he wrote a book, he "suddenly screamed three or five times, and there were thousands of words on the wall." Together with Zhang Xu, a cursive master at that time, he was called Dianzhangkuangsu. Today, there are ink-stained self-narration posts, hidden truth posts, bitter bamboo shoots posts, on books posts, fish-eating posts, law posts, small grass thousand-character essays and so on.
Sun Guoting, born in 648, died in 73, with a sincere word. There are two theories about his native place: one is Chen Liu (now Kaifeng, Henan); Say Fuyang (now southwest of Hangzhou) people. Generally speaking, he is called Fuyang, but he calls himself Wujun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Chen Ziang made an epitaph for him, saying that he had gone to court "to see the king at forty, and he was criticized." He was a native of Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian, and Cao Youwei, the official right-back, joined the army and led the government clerk to join the army. He is good at calligraphy and calligraphy theory. He can write freely, and he is really good at cursive writing. The cursive script teaches the "two kings". "If you use a pen, your strength will be broken" ("Book Break"), such as "Dan Cliff is absolutely gully, and your pen is firm" (Tang Wei continued "Continued Books"). Being good at cursive writing is especially good at using a pen, but it is still curious. He is also good at copying ancient posts, and it is often difficult to tell the true from the false. Tang Gaozong once said that the fine print of the court was enough to confuse the words and offer them, and its vividness was obvious. Chen Ziang's "Records of the Sun of the Sacrifice Office" said: "Yuan often died, Mo Miao did not pass it on, and the legacy of your monarch was Han, and the generations were the same." Comparing Sun Shu to Zhong You of Wei shows that Sun Shi's calligraphy attainments are highly respected. Guo Ting is also a calligraphy theorist, and he wrote the Book Score, which won the purport of calligraphy. So far, it has become a model for learning cursive script. Song Gaozong commented: "The bandits' special words in Shupu are gorgeous, and they have both grass and law." It can be seen that this "Book Score" is not only rich in calligraphy, but also has many incisive and original opinions in the text, which can be said to be a model of both books and texts. He also returned books, such as "Thousand Characters" and "Jingfu Temple Fu". His famous work, Book Score, was written in ink and merged by Sun Guoting. Book in the vertical arch for three years (687), cursive, paper. 27.2 cm in length and 898.24 cm in width. Each paper has 16 to 18 lines, 8 to 12 words per line, ***351 lines and more than 3,5 words. There are more than 7 words in Yan Wen, 3 words in "Boying at the end of Han Dynasty" and 3 words in "Never tire of essence". "Book Spectrum" had two volumes in the Song Dynasty. After the second volume was lost, it has only been rolled up. In his decades of calligraphy practice, Sun Shi believed that since the Han and Tang Dynasties, calligraphers have been "involved in glitz, which is nothing more than external appearance and internal mystery." As a result of writing a volume of Shu Pu, it was also called Yun Bi Lun during the Tang and Song Dynasties. The original "Shupu", which was originally hidden in the inner government of the Song Dynasty, has "Xuan He" and "Zheng He". Song Huizong autograph. After returning to Sun Chengze, it returned to Anqi, and then returned to the Qing government, the old Palace Museum, and now Taiwan Province, commonly known as the original Book Spectrum. There are photocopies published. Shupu is an epoch-making calligraphy treatise in the history of China's calligraphy studies, which puts forward his famous calligraphy view: "When the ancient is naughty, the present has different disadvantages", which lays the foundation for the aesthetic theory of calligraphy. His achievements in calligraphy art are consistent with his achievements in calligraphy theory. Sun Guoting's calligraphy, catching up with the "two kings" and adopting Zhang Cao by the side, combines the two into one, and expresses his own intention. His brushwork is standardized, with great statutes and a legacy of Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Liu Gongquan (778 -865), whose real name is Cheng Xuan, was a native of Jingzhaohua in the Tang Dynasty, and he was a Taizi's official, and was known as "Liu Shaoshi" in the world. Because he was also named Duke of Hedong by the emperor, later generations also called him "Liu Hedong". He was the successor of Yan Zhenqing, and later generations called them "Yan Liu", which became a model of calligraphy in previous dynasties.
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy was famous at that time in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a saying among the people that "the word Liu is worth a thousand dollars". His calligraphy is vigorous and vigorous, and every word is rigorous and meticulous. In terms of the characteristics of Chinese characters, it is famous for its thinness and strength. The regular script written is attractive in body and strong in bone, and the running script and regular script are the most exquisite. Because of the unique features of his works, Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is called "Liu Ti".
Yan Zhenqing, (79-785), born in Wanzhao, Jingzhao, was born in Linyi, Tang Dynasty (now Linyi, Shandong Province). In the kaiyuan period, he was a scholar and moved to the temple to serve as an advisor, which was hated by Yang Guozhong and made him a satrap in the plain, so he was called Yan Pingyuan in the world. An Shi Rebellion, meritorious in resisting thieves, entered Beijing as an official minister, a prince and a founder of Fenglu County, so he was also known as Yan Lugong. When Li Xilie rebelled in Dezong, he put his country first, went to the enemy camp, knew what was right, and was eventually killed by Li Xilie at the age of 77. Dezong's imperial edict said, "He is endowed with natural resources, outstanding in public loyalty, faithful in four dynasties."
In the history of calligraphy, he is the most accomplished and influential calligrapher after the two kings. His book was a beginner in Zhang Xu, and four in the early Tang Dynasty. Later, it was widely collected and learned, changed the ancient method, and opposed the style of early Tang Dynasty. He used the brush of seal, turned thin and hard into plump and vigorous, and was broad-minded and magnificent. This style also reflected the prosperous demeanor of the Tang Dynasty and was in line with his noble personality. His calligraphy style is called "Yan Ti", and it is also called "Yan Liu" with Liu Gongquan, and has the reputation of "Yan Jin Liu Gu". It is said that there are 138 kinds of his works. Regular script includes "Many Pagodas Monument" and "The Story of Magu Fairy Altar", etc., which are highly personalized, such as "Jing Qing presses the sword, Fan Kuai holds the shield, King Kong looks at his eyes, and Lux punches." There are several cursive scripts, such as Sacrificing a Nephew, Competing for Seats, Peijun's Post, Confession from a Book, etc. Among them, Sacrificing a Nephew is the highest artistic realm in a very sad mood, and it is called "the second running script in the world". Mi Fei's History of Books: "The Book for Seating has a strong seal, which is the first in Yan Shu, and the characters are connected, which is strange and flying, and it is unexpected."
He is honest, honest and honest, and has a sense of justice. He is never subservient to powerful people, condescending to flattery, and is famous for his righteousness. His life-long deeds of loyalty and glory improved his position in calligraphy.
Ouyang Xiu of Song Dynasty commented: "Yan Gongshu is like a loyal minister, martyr and moral gentleman. His dignity and respect are feared at first sight, but the longer he gets, the more lovely he becomes. There are not many people who see the treasure in the world, but they are not tired of it. " Zhu Changwen also praised his book: "The point is like a falling stone, the painting is like a Xia Yun, the hook is like a bow, the image is vertical and horizontal, and the ambition is low. Since the dedication, there has been no such thing as a public person." Yan Ti Shu had a far-reaching influence on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. After the Tang Dynasty, many famous artists learned from the success of Yan Zhenqing's political reform. Especially cursive, after the Tang Dynasty, some famous artists learned from Yan Zhenqing on the basis of studying the two kings and established their own style. Yan Zhenqing's main works are as follows:
1. Portrait praise of Dong Fangshuo: There are two regular script works of Portrait praise of Dong Fangshuo, one of which is Wang Xizhi's lower case and the other is Yan Zhenqing's upper case. This inscription, with the inscription "Han Taizhong's doctor, Mr. Dongfang, painted praise and preface", was established in Dezhou in the 13th year of Tang Tianbao, when he was 46 years old in Yan Zhenqing. Su Dongpo once studied this monument and wrote: "Yan Lugong wrote a monument all his life, but this monument is Qing Xiong." The words are clear, and then I saw Wang Youjun's book. I know that the words are close to this book. Although the size is different, the charm is good. " There is a saying in the Ming Dynasty: "Calligraphy is vigorous and vigorous, and it is a proud pen of Duke Lu."
2. Memorial manuscript: cursive script. During the Anshi Rebellion, Yan Gaoqing, a cousin of Duke Lu, was appointed as the satrap of Changshan County, and thieves and soldiers advanced on him, so that Taiyuan saved our troops and even the city was broken, and Yan Gaoqing and his son Yan Jiming were killed. Therefore, the article says, "The thief and the minister can't save, the lonely city is surrounded, the father is trapped and the child is dead, and the nest is overturned." Afterwards, Duke Lu sent his nephew Quan Ming to clean up the mess, and he only got a foot and Ji Ming's skull, so he did it. Lu Gong was fifty years old. Calligraphy works as a word, and there are words as people say. Duke Lu is a loyal and heroic man, and his life is awe-inspiring. His spiritual integrity is reflected in calligraphy. This manuscript is the most enjoyable for book critics. This post is originally a manuscript, and the deletion and daubing of it shows that Duke Lu conceived the article, and his feelings fluctuated from beginning to end, so he wrote it with flying spirits, magnificent brushwork and natural charm. All the places where the pen is exhausted and the belt is pulled can be clearly seen. Throughout, I used a slightly bald pen, with a round and healthy brushwork, and I turned myself in to the end because of the dry ink. Although the ink color changed a lot because of the initial pause, the black ash was thick and dry, but it was done in one go. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Jingyan wrote an inscription: "It is better to tell than to write a letter, and it is better to draft a letter. The cover is an official work, although the end of the letter is a rope contract; Letters are quite indulgent when they are on a whim; And the drafting was unintentional, and it was the palm of his hand that was forgotten. It is wonderful to see it here. " Yuan Xianyu commented on this post as "the second running script in the world".
3. Multi-Pagoda Monument: The full name is "Multi-Pagoda Induction Monument of Qianfu Temple in Xijing, Datang", which was built on April 2th in the 11th year of Tianbao (752), written by Cenxun, inscribed by Yan Zhenqing Shu Dan and Xu Hao, and engraved by Shihua. It is now in the forest of steles in Xi 'an. The inscription is about longxing temple in Xijing and monk Chu reading "Hokkekyo" in a quiet night today, as if there were many stupas in front of him from time to time. He was determined to turn the stupas in the illusion into reality. In the first year of Tianbao, Qianfu Temple was selected for construction, which took four years to complete. In Qianfu Temple, Hokkekyo and Bodhisattva precepts are written every year for emperors and ordinary people, which is of special significance in the history of Buddhism. This tablet is Yan Zhenqing's early famous work, and its writing is respectful and sincere, which directly reflects the legacy of the two kings, Europe, Yu and Chu, but it has obvious similarities with the writings of the Tang Dynasty, indicating that Yan Zhenqing paid great attention to absorbing nutrition from the folk calligraphy art while learning from the previous calligraphers. The structure of the whole article is tight, and there is a fence between the lines. The stippling is round, dignified and beautiful, and it seems to be quiet and moving, and it is fascinating. He inherited the traditional works. Postscript to Calligraphy and Painting: "This is Lu Gong's most even and stable book, and it is also full of charm and vulgarity. It is the originator of historians in modern times."
4. The Story of Magu Xiantan: The full name is "The Story of Magu Mountain Xiantan in Nancheng County, Fuzhou, Tang Dynasty", in regular script. Yan Zhenqing wrote and wrote books. When Yan Zhenqing was appointed as the secretariat of Fuzhou, he was frustrated in his official career, so he sometimes asked about Zen. Visiting Magu Mountain in Nancheng County in April of that year and writing an article about Magu's attainment of immortality was a reflection of the mood at this time. This monument is solemn and magnificent, which has always been valued by people. It is one of the representative works of Yan Ti, and it was Yan Zhenqing's work in his sixties. At this time, the style of Yan Zhenqing's regular script has been perfected. Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Ancient Records said: "This monument is steep and tight, especially refined, and the strokes are all fine."
5. Yan Qinli Monument: The full name of this monument is "Tombstone, the military protector in the history of the governor of Langkuizhou, the secretary province". Yan Qinli is Yan Zhenqing's great-grandfather. When Yan Zhenqing wrote and published this monument, he was 71 years old. Except for Ji Gu Lu and Jin Shi Lu, his books are speechless. Now it is hidden in the forest of steles in Xi 'an. Because this monument has been buried in the soil for a long time, it is undamaged, as fresh as new, and it can convey the true colors of Yan Shu with great vigor.
6. Ode to Zhongxing: full name of Ode to Zhongxing in Datang, in regular script. Yuan Jie wrote an article, and Yan Zhenqing wrote on Cliff. At the age of 63, he is now in Wuxi, Qiyang County, Hunan Province. Yuanjie was a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty. After he was dismissed from office, he lived in Wuxi, where mountains and rocks were stacked and the stone walls were rugged. Ode to Zhongxing is carved on one of the largest stone walls. This article records the rebellion in Lushan Mountain and praises the things of Tang Zhongxing. At the moment, the stone book is upright and magnificent, and the stone is hard. It has been preserved intact for thousands of years. "Ji Gu Lu" praised this cliff carving stone "the calligraphy is particularly wonderful and the language is quaint." "Guang Chuan's Book Postscript" was rated as: "The Taishi praised you for your book title, and it was precious in the past."
7. Yanjia Temple Monument: The full name is "Tang Gu Tong Yi Doctor Walk Xue Wang You Zhu Guo Gift Secretary Shao Jian Guo Zi Drink Sacrifice Prince Shao Bao Yan Jun Temple Inscription and Preface", written by Yan Zhenqing. The first year of Tang Jianzhong was established in July (78), and the monument was in Xi 'an, Shaanxi. Ming Zhao Han's "Graphite Engraving China" says: "This book is written in the same way as" Oriental Praise ",which is vigorous and straightforward, with faint strokes." Wang Shizhen said, "I have tried to comment on Yan Lugong's" Monument to the Family Temple "and thought that there was a jade-ribbed body among the modern nationalities. Elegant and dignified, Zhuang Mi is quite beautiful. A true calligrapher is a treasure. "
8. Seating posts: also known as "On Seating Posts" and "Shooting with Guo Servants", cursive. It is a letter manuscript of Yan Zhenqing and Guo Yingzhi in the second year of Tang Guangde (764). In the Song Dynasty, it was once owned by An Shiwen of Chang 'an, who used it as a stone. The stone is now in the forest of steles in Xi 'an, Shaanxi, and the ink is not passed on. Su Shi once saw the original work in An's place and praised it: "This is even more strange than publishing other books. It is trustworthy and self-written, and it has a gesture." This post is a fine cursive script of Yan Zhenqing. Throughout the whole calligraphy, the words are consistent, and the tiger is alive. This manuscript is written by Yan Zhenqing because he is dissatisfied with the arrogance of power traitors. Therefore, it is full of momentum, strong and open-minded, and there is a sense of loyalty between the lines, which shows Yan Zhenqing's strong honest and frank and simple and honest character. Up to now, for more than a thousand years, reading it is awe-inspiring. This post is a piece of grass.