Look at two examples first:
(1) The most important realistic encounter and practical behavior of ancient intellectuals in China was to strive for official positions in the imperial examinations. (Fragments of civilization)
(2) Mr. Zhang Shen's works remind me of a very interesting phenomenon in the history of calligraphy in China, that is, most calligraphers in past dynasties were knowledgeable people. Far away are Li Si and Cai Yong, followed by Yan, Su Shi, Dong Qichang and so on. Stars, clouds steaming Xia Wei, countless clouds. ("Shen Feng Lingxiu Zang Gog Flows out of Halal in a Straight Line-Reading Lu's Calligraphy")
Obviously, in the above example, "Shi Zhi" is used in the sense of "being an official". In fact, the meaning of "being an official" is not "being an official", it refers to the resignation or resignation of an official-retirement for the elderly. So, why is this the wrong usage? Mainly because the author takes it for granted that "being an official" means "being an official". There is nothing wrong with linking "official" with "official", but once the morpheme "zhi" is ignored or misinterpreted, it will lead to a one-sided and wrong interpretation of the whole word. Let's make a simple analysis and explanation by using the relevant materials of ancient Chinese.
"Zhi" has a long history and complex semantics. Press "Say Wen Jian No": "Send a message." "Jade Pieces and Jade Pieces" also said: "To, to also." Basically, the original meaning of "zhi" is "send", "send" and so on. For example:
(3) Riding on the back of an ox, drawing heavy and far away, so as to benefit the world and cover all the philosophers. (Zhouyi)
(4) Try your best to use money, bribe it with money, guard it, and send it to everyone. (Zuo Gong)
The meaning of "zhi" is further extended from "sending" to "returning". For example, there is a saying in Guoyu Lu Yuxia: "Zi Ye Gui, Lu Zhi can't get out. Say,' If you let others bully you, you can do it.' "Zhao Wei's annotation is:" To, to also. To Lu, I also want to take its city. " The "Lu" here is "salary". People who can get the salary of the court are naturally officials. This kind of expression not only uses "Lu", but also uses "official" and "politics", that is, besides "Lu Zhi", there are also expressions such as "Shi Zhi" and "Zhizhi". For example:
(5) The people want to be convinced, so they say, "If so, the ancient road is not popular with the people." Retire as an official. ("Ram Biography Year Number")
(6) At fifty, you will become a knight; at sixty, you won't study; at seventy, you will become a politician. (The Book of Rites Wang Zhi) He Xiu notes Shi Zhi and Returning Lu to Jun; Zheng Xuan's annotation "Supreme Righteousness" means "returning the monarch". It is not difficult to see that whether it is "returning to the throne" or "returning to the throne", the final result is to retire from office and no longer ask about the court or government. Among the three words "Shi Zhi", "Lu Zhi" and "Supreme", "Shi Zhi" is the most frequently used. Gu cited three cases to get a glimpse:
(7) Being an official at the age of seventy has clear manners. (Don Bai Juyi's Ten Poems by Qin Zhongyin)
(8) When an official is idle, the guests seem to be homeless for a long time. (Don Dai Shulun's "Words in the Guest")
(9) When you arrive in the town, if you feel uneasy, you will ask for an official position. (The History of the Old Five Dynasties and the Book of the Tang Dynasty, Volume 66)
The use of "Shi Zhi" in modern Chinese can be regarded as the inheritance and reservation of classical Chinese words (limited to a specific style and context). The meaning has not changed, but the original basic meaning is still used. This needs our attention.
I haven't studied this. I found an explanation from someone.