In history, the monarch who lost his country with Jinling as his capital was criticized by later generations. Sun Hao, the queen of Wu in the Three Kingdoms, "a stone fell from the ground" and tied herself up in a white coffin and plain clothes. During the Southern Dynasties, Liang Wudi believed in Buddhism, and finally the Hou Jing Rebellion broke out. He was imprisoned in Jingyang Building and starved to death. Chen and his beloved concubine, Zhang Lihua, hid in the rouge well when Jinling City was breached and were hanged by General Sui Jun. The three last kings died for different reasons, but they all died in Jinling Stone Town surrounded by dragons and tigers. Li Yu was also the last king to die in Jinling, and it is inevitable that he will be reprimanded by later generations.
However, the reasons for Li Yu's national subjugation should be analyzed in detail. As far as Nantang is concerned, he can't be immortal. Theoretically, the situation and historical development trend of China at that time required the demise of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty. In fact, the national situation in Nantang has been completely defeated, and Li Yu can't do anything even if he has the ability, what's more, the national policy has long been wrong. In the year before Li Yu ascended the throne, his father Li Jing had surrendered to the Song Dynasty because of the decline of the national situation and reduced his tribute. The situation of destroying the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Song Dynasty has been decided, and Li Yu succeeded to the throne, so he can only adopt a passive policy of staying in business. However, despite many difficulties in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu remained in power for 15 years, and never returned to the Song Dynasty, and finally died in another country.
Pan, an old minister in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was asked in history: "Is Li Yu really a dark and incompetent person?" Pan replied, "If he is really incompetent and ignorant, how can he defend his country for more than ten years?" Xu Xuan also wrote in the Epitaph of the Duke of Longxi, King Wu: Li Yu is kind and tired of war in a world of war. Although Kong Ming is alive, it is difficult to protect the country; Since you have done righteousness, you are not ashamed to die! [87]
Historical evaluation
Xu Xuan: (1) Wang shun the world, control the people with the ancient road, respect righteousness and ethics, and follow the past. Be filial when steaming; When you are an old man and a guest, you must be polite. We should not only obey the royal life, but also speak and give in time. As for the kindness of the whole country, we are willing to take care of the whole country and diligently repair nine tributes. The government has no empty moon, only serves everything and knows everything. In the past fifteen years, the sky has become increasingly crowded. ② Thoroughly study the Six Classics and synthesize the Hundred Classics. Always follow the path of Kong Zhou, never leave, transform the country into a people, give orders, expect things to happen, and never change. If it is cool and good, describe it more. When you go to Henan, you must praise it. Talking and laughing, don't forget the righteousness. Dong Xiao's temperament is refined and elegant; The meaning of the poor king's envoy is to examine the origin of simple customs, which is a literary theory that continues Yue Ji. There are 30 volumes of collected works and hundreds of essays. Taste the essays and know the way. As for the goodness of the arrow, the power of the pen, and the versatility of the sky, it must be refined. (4) The nature of compassion is good for Zhu Gan's teaching. If you don't kill vegetation, birds and fish are salty. Reward people's kindness, often without it; Cover up people's mistakes lest they smell them. Even the law is invincible, and Wei can't help but love it. Taking the custom of being tired of soldiers as the world of fighting, Kong Han Ming's strain was slight and unsuccessful; Rebecca devoted himself to the journey of benevolence and righteousness until he died. Where is the Tao? What a shame! [88]
Zheng Wenbao: (1) My late master was taught by Zhu Gan and never fainted. He often buys birds and fish for release. (2) The leftists are pure and filial in nature, assiduous in studying Confucianism, open-minded, courteous to guests, and inclined to China for fear of chaos. But he is diligent in politics with literary talent, and as for calligraphy and painting, it is even more exquisite. However, I am quite addicted to Zhu Gan's teaching, and the fruit is self-confidence, so I have a treacherous plan. Refuse to be loyal, cut land, and not enough tribute. The more people conspire, the more enemies there are. He also asked the northbound pedestrians for help, and the soldiers were puzzled. [89]
Lu You: ① The first emperor had pure filial piety ... He devoted himself to loving the people as a top priority, paying tribute to the people and enriching their strength. Respect the central plains, not afraid of humility, and the territory depends on ten years of peace. (2) but cool pagoda, pagoda temple, monks and nuns can't win. Don't build a Buddhist temple again, just worship it easily, which is quite wasteful. On the occasion of Enemy at the Gates, the imperial edict was passed on to the general, but the ministers did not know it. Although kindness is enough to feel its adherents, a pawn cannot protect the country. [90]
Zhou Long: My late master was young and handsome, liked Confucianism, wrote poems, belonged to literature, and understood temperament. Elegant posture, Confucian behavior, like a scholar. [9 1]
Chen Pengnian: (Hou) Teenagers are so ancient, because the style of writing is Han and Wei. [92]
Ouyang Xiu: Yu is arrogant and extravagant. He is good at lewdness, and he likes to be superficial. He talks loudly and doesn't care about political affairs.
Wang Shizhen: The flower is still hurting and breaking, but it is already wonderful for Li Wang and his son in Nantang. [93]
Hu Yinglin: The back eyes are heavy, and Yuefu is the first mountain of Song people. Although Gavin Wei is gorgeous, his anger is quite harmful. He is full of words. At this point, he became a writer, and at the time of Qingming, he became a poet, just like Wang and Meng. [94]
Nalan Xingde: Words in flowers, such as ancient jade, are expensive but not applicable; Song Ci is applicable but of poor quality, while Li Houzhu has its beauty, which is even more puzzling. [95]
Wang Fuzhi: ① (Li Jing and his son) have never done anything harmful, and definitely provoked Elon's sexual assault. (2) After birth, culture and education are thriving, but they are still the heritage of others. [96]
Huai Yu: Romantic genius Li Zhongguang was mistaken for a master and even hated being involved in the Song Dynasty. His words, word for word, are beyond the understanding of his family. [97]
Shen Qian: Li Houzhu among men and Li Yian among women are very popular. [98] (2) The late Lord neglected to govern the country, but he still did not lose the South King as he said. [99]
Guo Xian: To be a gifted scholar is really chinese odyssey, and to be a poor and unlucky king. [ 100]
Zhou Ji: (1) Li Houzhu's ci is like a pony, which is out of control. Beauty is beauty, and there are beauties in the world. Strict makeup is good, light makeup is good, coarse clothes are messy, and the national color is not covered. Fei Qing, strict makeup; End yourself and make up lightly; The latter is rude and confused. [74]
Zhou: I'm afraid it is beyond human power to call it natural beauty.
Chen Tingzhuo: ① The concept of the post-inscription is sad, and the word field is not as thick as Fei Qing, but better than cattle. [101] (2) I tried to say that the late master looked at Fei Qing, and those who joined and left also; Look at yourself and fly to Qing, and it is near when you are gone. [101] (3) Li Houzhu and Yan Shuyuan, their words are not true, their words are loved by everyone, and their feelings are better than them. [ 102]
Wang: The word Lianfeng layman is unparalleled. The garden is empty, not as beautiful as it is; Shenghe, can you forgive me? Up-and-coming stars, between style and charm, or from May to May, got eleven thousand songs. If Xiaoyan, if Hui Temple, its ugly. Dating the south, the sound of inheritance is obvious, and the gas between the covers is loud. The largest of the predicates is worthy of color. [ 103]
Feng Xu: In the Southern Tang Dynasty, the two masters wrote at the upper, middle and lower levels, all in order to achieve perfection, which did not exist. In the early Song Dynasty, there were two masters. [ 104]
Wang Guowei: ① Wen Feiqing's handwriting is beautiful; Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Shiguang's writing is also beautiful. (2) the word for Li Houzhu and vision, with deep feelings, later became a musician's word, become a scholar-bureaucrat's word. (3) Poets are childlike. Therefore, being born in the palace and growing up in the hands of women is the weakness of the late master as a gentleman, which is also the strength of the poet. ④ Subjective poets don't need to read more books. The shallower they read, the more true they are, and so does Li Houzhu. ⑤ Nietzsche refers to all words. I love writing with blood. The words of the late master are really called writing with blood. The word "Yanshan Pavilion" written by Song Daojun is similar. However, the Taoist monarch is only the meaning of his own life experience, while the deceased Lord has the meaning that Sakyamuni and Christ bear the sins of mankind, with different sizes. 6. The words of the Tang and Five Dynasties have sentences without articles; Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying that only Li Houzhu's works and Yongshu, Shaoyou, Meicheng and Jiaxuan are just a few people. [ 105]
Mao Zedong: Although Li Houzhu of the Southern Tang Dynasty was versatile, he paid no attention to politics and finally died. [ 106]
Bai Yang: Mr. Li Yu, the Emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, has made unprecedented achievements in Ci studies. His energy spent on Ci far exceeds that spent on governing the country. [ 107]
Ye Jiaying: Li Houzhu's ci is his keen and true experience of life, and he is immersed in it, whether it is joy or sadness. Some of us have lived all our lives, and have neither experienced happiness nor sadness, because he has never devoted all his heart and feelings to one thing, which is a pity in life. [ 108]