Karate is a combination of ancient fighting techniques 500 years ago and boxing techniques introduced from China. At that time, in the high society of sulfur ball, China's boxing was secretly referenced, creating a unique Tang-style player, that is, the original' karate'. Before "Tang Hand", there were two names: "Fan Hand" and "Hand Hand", which were distinguished according to the region and became the origin of various schools of karate today.
Karate (からてどう/Karatedou) is a martial art that originated in Ryukyu. Karate was originally named Tang Shou, which means "martial arts from China". Karate originated from Shaolin Wushu in ancient China. (Record: Battle of the Third Ancestor of Yongchun White Crane Boxing in South Shaolin, Fujian)
[Edit this paragraph] Name source
Japanese karate "からて" can be divided into two parts:
から: Chinese character "empty"; There are two explanations for this word: one is empty, empty-handed and unarmed; Kara can also be interpreted as "Tang". China came to power in the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang people came from China. So karate can also be interpreted as Tang hand, which is China's skill. But ten years ago, Japan unified karate as karate, so its Chinese characters were also abolished.
That's the hand.
In addition to the names of "empty-handed" and "Tang-handed", this kind of martial arts is also called "Ryukyu player". Ryukyu was a small country that paid tribute to China from southern Japan during the Qing Dynasty in China. Locals often go to China, and some of them return to Ryukyu after joining martial arts schools. Later, Japan occupied Ryukyu and renamed Okinawa. At the same time, it also enforced the ban on weapons and weapons. However, the local people still resist. They learned martial arts from China (of course, they joined Ryukyu itself).
Due to the development of empty-handed in Ryukyu, three sets of basic potential methods have also been developed-one is the Naha hand, the other is the head hand and the berthing hand.
Later, this martial art flowed into Japan, and after development and diversion, it gradually became the present karate.
1922 in may, Funakoshi Gichin, president of Okinawa Wushu association, went to Tokyo to perform Tang boxing at a sports exhibition hosted by the Ministry of education, culture, sports and sports. Tang's hand was rapidly popularized in Japan. 1935, Master Funakoshi Gichin published the book "Karate Teaching Method", and Tang Shou officially changed its name to "Karate". Karate has developed into modern times and has become an educational competition like other sports. /kloc-since 0/970, the "World Karate Union" has been established to hold the first world karate championship. At present, the official international organization of karate is the World Karate Federation (WKF). There are four main schools of orthodox karate: Songtaoguan Stream, Harmony Stream, Rigid and Flexible Stream and Eastern Stream. The competition standards of the types (routines) of the World Karate Federation are only the designated types of the four major schools, such as Songtaoge.
Karate can be traced back to Okinawa and Ryukyu about 500 years ago. At that time, there were frequent exchanges between China and Ryukyu, and China Boxing was introduced to Ryukyu, which developed into a local martial art called "Tang Shou". Under the influence of martial law for a long time, "Tang Shou" was taught in secret until 1905. It was not until 1935 that the name "Tang Shou" contained the meaning of China, and the Japanese pronunciation of "Tang Shou" and "empty hand" was the same, and it was changed to "empty hand" by Japan and became Japanese martial arts.
Karate is divided into three systems because of the different introduction years and fighting styles of China Wushu in the Tang Dynasty. It is "first hand", "dominating hand" and "parking hand". "No.1 Chief" is an ancient school, which mainly focuses on large-scale straight-line attacks, including sweeping skills and wrestling skills. Suitable for medium-distance combat, later represented by "Songtaoge (Liu)". "Na Ba Hand" mainly focuses on defense and small moves, and includes the skills of catching the ball and throwing. Suitable for close combat, close to modern China boxing, and later represented by "combining rigidity with softness". There is a saying called "berthing hand", which is a boxing technique taught by China people after they came to Ryukyu from China, and has no direct connection with "No.1 hand" and "Naha hand". At present, the "Liu" karate in Okinawa, Japan is closely related to the "berthing hand". Another view is that "Bo Shou" is a combination of the advantages of "number one" and "Na Ba Shou".
Among the above three schools, "Tang hand", "Li shou" and "Naha hand" further developed into the traditional "four schools" with empty hands. Among them, Mr. Funakoshi Gichin (A.D. 1868- 1957), the representative of No.1, took the lead in introducing empty goods from Ryukyu to Japan in A.D. 1922 after the death of his mentor, Yizhou Anheng. Because Mr. Chuan Yue was nicknamed Songtao, his empty-handed goods were called "Songtaoge empty-handed" (or Songtaoge empty-handed). The representative of Naha, Mr. Miyagi Changshun (A.D. 1888- 1953), founded "Rigid Karate" in Kyoto, Japan on 1928 after the death of his mentor, Mr. Dongenna Liang Kuan. Following Song Taoge and Gang Liu, Mr. He Xian (A.D. 1889- 1952) was named Kudong Flow Karate in Osaka, Japan in 1929 with the generosity of his two teachers, Kui of Zhangzhou Anheng and Dong Enna. In addition, Aikido Jiu Jitsu was founded by Mr. Ji Bo Otsuka in 1929. He is a teacher of Shinto Dojo and studied under Mr. Funakoshi Gichin's "Songtao Pavilion Empty Hands". Today, Songtaoge, Gangrouliu, Cidongliu and Hedao Liu are collectively called "four schools".
Japanese fighting skills that beat each other with hands and feet. This kind of fighting action is not allowed to hit the opponent's body during the game. It must be stopped at the moment before hitting the opponent, otherwise it is a foul. /kloc-In the middle of the 4th century, China Shaolin Boxing spread to Ryukyu Islands and then to all parts of Japan. In 1930s, Japan established the Karate Research Association. 1966, the All-Japan Karate Alliance was established. Because some fans actively promoted karate to all countries in the world, 1970 established the World Karate Alliance and held the first world karate championship.
The basic offensive techniques of karate are divided into hand skills and foot skills. Hand skills are playing and hitting, and foot skills are kicking. Boxing is divided into boxing, flat boxing, finger boxing and palm boxing. Beating is divided into punching, split palm, flat palm and arm. Kicking is divided into toe kick, sole kick, heel kick, side kick and knee kick. There are also techniques such as head strike and shoulder strike. According to the changes of the opponent's body posture and movements, athletes use the above basic attack techniques to attack the opponent's head, face, neck, chest, abdomen, back and other parts, but are not allowed to contact the opponent's body directly. Hitting and kicking can take the form of straight line, spiral and arc. Strike can be divided into one-handed strike and two-handed strike, and kick also includes one-legged kick and two-legged take-off kick. These complicated strokes, punches and kicks are intertwined, which constitutes a clever offensive technique. In view of the above various attack methods, there are also various defense methods, such as arc defense, rotation defense, cross defense, split palm defense, cross defense and so on. Karate competitions are divided into individual competitions and team competitions. During the competition, 1 referee was on the court, and 4 referees were performing referee work in the four corners of the court. Athletes wear karate clothes (the same as judo clothes), barefoot, with a red belt on one side and a white belt on the other. The venue is 8m× 8m. The competition time is generally 2 minutes. Anyone who hits or kicks the opponent's face, neck, chest, abdomen, back and other parts within 2 minutes (without touching, keeping a certain distance) is judged to be correct and effective by the referee, and scores 1 point, which means victory. If you don't hit or kick the designated position, you will be judged according to your skill, spirit and attitude. Serious offenders will be disqualified from the competition.
Karate is a combination of ancient fighting techniques 500 years ago and boxing techniques introduced from China. At that time, in the high society of sulfur ball, China's boxing was secretly referenced, creating a unique Tang-style player, that is, the original "karate". Before the Tang Dynasty, there were two names, Naha Hand and Shouli Hand, which, according to regional differences, became the origin of various schools of karate today.
1922 in may, Funakoshi Gichin, president of Okinawa Wushu association, went to Tokyo to perform Tang boxing at a sports exhibition hosted by the Ministry of education, culture, sports and sports. Don's hands are quick in Japan.
Popularize. 1935, Master Funakoshi Gichin published the book "Karate Teaching Method", and Tang Shou officially changed its name to "Karate".
[Edit this paragraph] genre
Karate has developed into modern times and has become an educational competition like other sports. From 1970, the World Karate League was established and the first world karate championship was held. At present, the official international organization of karate is the World Karate Federation (WKF). There are four main schools of orthodox karate: Songtaoguan Stream, Harmony Stream, Rigid and Flexible Stream and Eastern Stream. The competition standards of the types (routines) of the World Karate Federation are only the designated types of the four major schools, such as Songtaoge.
First, Songtao Pavilion flows.
Songtao Museum Stream was founded by Funakoshi Gichin (1870 ~ 1957), the ancestor of modern karate, and it is the largest karate school in the world at present. Liu Karate in Songtaoguan is a northern martial art in karate called "South Boat and North Horse". There are 26 kinds of karate in Songtaoge. Its technical characteristics are large opening and closing, straight movement, multiple lunges and emphasis on the application of leg techniques. It is a model of rigid karate. Similar to Northern Shaolin Boxing in China Wushu. Because of its large and concise movements, it is deeply loved by karate lovers in Europe and America, and its karate market share in France, Germany, Britain, the United States and other world karate powers reaches over 80%. With the globalization of karate, the advantages of Songtaoge karate are more obvious.
The representative groups of this genre include Japan Karate Association (JKA), International Songtao Pavilion Karate League (SKI), International Songtao Club (ISKF) and other international leagues, as well as Songtao Club, Songtao Club, Tami Club, Inamenuchi Club, and Open Space Meeting. Among them, JKA is the largest karate school group in Japan and the world. At present, karate teams from more than 80 countries and regions around the world have joined JKA and hold world competitions every two years. The organization was founded by Funakoshi Gichin and formally established in the 23rd year of Showa. Japan's Ministry of Education was officially registered and recognized as a non-profit organization legal person on April 10 of Showa 30th year.
Second, rigid and flexible flow.
The founder of karate combining rigidity with softness is Miyagi Changshun. Miyagi was born in Ryukyu in Meiji 2 1 year. Miyagi joined the Naha master Dong Enna at the age of 14, and at the age of 18, Miyagi went to Fujian Province, China to study China Boxing. Systematize the unique technology after returning to China. This stream is the southern school kung fu in "South Boat North Horse", which is controlled by Baihemen and South Shaolin Boxing. Its genre name comes from one of the eight sentences of boxing in Bai Hemen's circulating secretary "Wu Bei Zhi", and it is named "combining rigidity with softness". This school of karate has obvious characteristics of Nanquan, which is mainly based on three steps of small frame and combines rigidity with softness. Pay attention to the exercise of "qi", "rest" and "body" in practice. There are 13 kinds of rigid-flexible flow.
The representative organizations of rigidity and softness include the All-Japan Karate Alliance Rigid-Flexibility Association, the World Rigid-Flexibility Karate Alliance, the Rigid-Flexibility Pavilion, the Rigid-Flexibility Alliance and the Zhenggang Association. This school has considerable influence in Southeast Asia and is one of the earliest karate schools introduced to China. In addition, it should be noted that the representative of another karate system in the world at present, that is, the founder of all-contact hard karate-extreme reality society, Dashan Beida, is a student of Cao Ningzhu, a disciple of the Japanese rigid-flexible society.
Three. He daoliu
The founder of Dojo Karate is Ji Bo Otsuka, who was born in the 25th year of Meiji. I began to learn judo at the age of six. In the ninth year of Taisho, he went to Zhengming School in Funakoshi Gichin to study karate and Japanese Shinto Liu Yang Jiu Jitsu. /kloc-in 0/3, Taisho participated in the performance of Ryukyu Tangshu in the dance performance held in the Dojo of Jining Pavilion in the Imperial Palace. Ji Bo Otsuka performed his own "Random Formation of Tang" (a constrained duet in modern karate), as well as "Grasping the Short Knife" and "Grasping the Real Sword and the White Blade", which was highly praised. Taking this as an opportunity, Otsuka Ji Bo created "Judo Stream" in May of Showa, which means to combine karate with Japanese jujitsu. This genre is deeply influenced by Jiu Jitsu, among which "
Don't ","flow ","pledge ","lead ","enter the body "and" turn around "are the technical characteristics of Jiu Jitsu. The most distinctive feature of HeDao is fighting, which is a very few karate that can reflect the characteristics of this genre in fighting, and there have been many karate fighting champions in this genre. At the same time, this karate school belongs to Songtaoge, so it is deeply influenced by Songtaoge in routine, but it also has its own characteristics.
The representative groups of Dojo Karate include All-Japan Karate League and Dojo Association, World Dojo Karate League, etc. The greatest strength of Aikido karate is Japanese universities and schools, with the strong karate schools in university sports leagues such as Tokyo University, Tokyo Agriculture, Meiji, Japan, Li Jiao, Japanese Dentistry, Tokyo Industry, Tokyo Foreign Studies, Hokkaido, Kumamoto Industry and Fukuoka as the backbone. Arakawa Tong, the current director of the All-Japan Karate League, is one of the representatives of Hedo.
Fourth, the system flows eastward.
Mo Wen Renxian, the founder of Liu Dong, was born in Juri, Ryukyu in the 22nd year of Meiji. /kloc-at the age of 0/3, he became a direct disciple of Zhou Anheng, a famous ceremonial player, and joined Dong Enna, a famous player in Naha at the age of 20. Later, he studied karate such as Matsumura School and Shinhara School, and even learned Japanese ancient martial arts instruments other than karate. Mo Renxian and Showa went to Beijing for three years. When they arrived at the home of Ryukyu Tang players in Japan, only one of them had completely learned the first-hand player and Naha player.
In the ninth year of Showa, Ren Xianhe He He opened a pavilion Dojo in Osaka, and took a word from the beginning of the names of their two teachers as the name of the stream, which became Dongxi. The characteristics of "Dong Liu" can be summed up in three words: keeping, breaking and leaving, that is, faithfully following the pattern, and then applying it to the final independence to practice karate in a unique way.
In addition, karate in Liu Dong attaches great importance to the cultivation of karate spirit. Kaizumo Wen Renxian and he strongly emphasized that karate in Liu Dong is a kind of "fist of a gentleman", and practicing karate is for perfect personality and lofty life goals. There are 47 types of compulsory karate I * * in Dongxi, which is the largest among the four schools and the largest number of volleyball players representing Japan in the world karate competition. East flow is a major feature of its genre.
The representative organizations of Dongxi include the All-Japan Karate Alliance, the World Dongxi Karate Alliance, the Dongxi Lin School, the Yihui, the Xiuhui, the Monk Association, the Sacred Heart Association and the Society. A world-class karate competition will be held every two years from 1989.
Fifth, it is extremely true.
The Extreme Reality Pavilion was founded in Tokyo by Dashan Beidayu 1965. Dashan Beida 1923 was born in Tokyo. When he was 9 years old, his sister lived on a farm in Manchuria. He first came into contact with martial arts and learned the "eighteen hands" of Nanquan. 1938, Dashan, 15 years old, moved to Japan, joined the ranks of the Japanese Air Force and became an air force pilot. At that time, he began to receive training in judo and boxing. Later, he studied Okinawa karate with Funakoshi Gichin, the founder of Songtaoguan karate. The mountains obsessed with martial arts are making rapid progress. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he has obtained the second stage of the black belt in Songtaoge karate, and at the age of 20, he has obtained the fourth stage. At the same time, at the age of 20, he also became a black belt master in judo.
After World War II, the Japanese army surrendered. Dashan studied karate from Cao Ningzhu, a karate master who combines rigidity and flexibility. Cao Ningzhu is famous for his amazing strength and spiritual will, and has a far-reaching influence on the young Dashan Beida. He encouraged Dashan to devote himself to martial arts all his life, and suggested that he leave civilized human society and live in physical and mental seclusion. At this time, Dashan came into contact with Yoshikawa Eiji's book Musashi Miyamoto, from which he learned the Bushido spirit of the blade master and Musashi Miyamoto and became his spiritual mentor.
1947, Dashan Beida participated in the first World Wushu Competition held in Japan after World War II, although she won the championship. But he deeply realized that the traditional karate competition had no actual combat ability, and he was determined to develop a practical karate. In addition, he has been worried that three years of seclusion can not be completed. He decided to devote himself to martial arts. To this end, he decided to leave civilized society again and fulfill his wish. This time, he chose Qingcheng Mountain in Chiba Prefecture as a place to improve himself. For this fanatical practice, he practiced 12 hours every day, kept practicing under the cold waterfall every day, broke stones with his bare hands, punched and kicked tree trunks, and jumped on thorny plants hundreds of times. In the evening, Dashan will practice mind through meditation and meditation. After 18 months' efforts, Dashan finally returned to civilized human society. At this time, he felt thoroughly remoulded, and it was time to make great achievements.
Dashan fought with 52 bulls at 1950 in order to test his own strength and popularize the actual karate he advocated. Three of them died on the spot, and the horns of 49 bulls were cut off by hand with karate knives. During 1952, Oshima Beida went to many places in the United States to show her martial arts in public. In the meantime, he defeated all 270 opponents, most of whom won by "one blow will kill". Every duel is decided in three minutes. Someone commented on the power of Dashan Beida: "As soon as he comes near you, you are finished. No one can resist his attack. If you resist his fist with your arm, your arm will break, but if you don't resist, it's your bones or ribs. " It is said that he can twist a ten-dollar coin with his thumb and forefinger, and even break the bottleneck of fourteen bottles of whisky with his bare hands. Because of the amazing strength and technology of Dashan Beida, people have since called him "God Hand: Dashan Beida".
1953, Oshima Beida established its first Dojo in Tokyo. At that time, he was at his peak. He integrated different martial arts factions, learned from each other's strong points and integrated them into the actual combat karate advocated by himself. In addition, he trained his students very strictly, which laid the foundation for extremely real karate. 1957, the first "Dashan" Dojo was established by Bobby Lowe in Hawaii. Bobby Lowe loves martial arts. I was trained in China Wushu by my coach's father since I was a child. At the age of 23, he is already a black belt in judo, kendo and aikido. 1952, such a martial arts master was shocked by Dashan's amazing strength and skills in a karate demonstration in Hawaii, and immediately got to know Dashan, worshipped him as a teacher and followed his skills. Bobby Lowe also became the first "inner disciple" of the Extreme Reality Museum. The tradition of If it's a Lion also comes from this. Extreme Reality Club selects a few elites for 100 days of rigorous training every year.
The World Headquarters of Extreme Reality Society was established in 1963. It officially opened in Tokyo on 1965. It was named "Extreme Reality" and its full name was "International Karate Union, Extreme Reality Pavilion". Since 1969, the All-Japan Karate Competition has been held every year, and the World Karate Competition has been held every four years without interruption, and it is famous for its full contact competition. Also because of the strict training, unremitting efforts and indomitable fighting spirit of extreme karate. Make the ultra-truth send the world; Understanding of martial arts. In just over 30 years, Zhen Ji Club has set up branches in more than 20 countries around the world, with more than12 million students, making it one of the largest martial arts organizations in the world.
Extreme karate belt: beginner (leucorrhea), 10 orange belt, 9 orange belt 1 bar, 8 blue belt, 7 blue belt 1 bar, 6 yellow belt, 5 yellow belt 1 bar, 4 green belt, 3 green belt 1 bar.
Karate is not as famous as Japanese martial arts. It originated in the prosperous Tang Dynasty in China and was brought back to Japan by Japanese martial arts communicators for improvement. Originally called "Tang Shou", it was officially renamed as Karate on 1935 because of the relationship between Japanese pronunciation and "Karate". The return of karate events to China is far from the physical exercise of thousands of people, but it can have a very positive impact on social atmosphere and spiritual civilization construction. Modern karate inherits the characteristics of practicality and appreciation, and abandons the characteristics of China's modern martial arts that are purely ornamental and ignore practicality. At present, there are nearly 100 alliance organizations in the world with170,000 members (including collective members), and karate elective courses and clubs have been set up in Japanese schools.
Karate is based on strict training, which can make students achieve a certain degree of self-control and make people's mind and body more harmonious. Karate, like calligraphy, music and art, needs cultivation. Have incisive philosophical theory and scientific systematic training. It pursues a unity of body and mind, inside and outside, spirit and strength, and is the artistic accomplishment of human truth, goodness and beauty. It not only trains individuals to form excellent personal qualities, but also trains individuals to form a collective consciousness of unity, friendship and mutual assistance. In the boxing school, through the sincere dedication and hard training of * * *, close relationships have been formed between people we know and between people and the school, and we have made progress together with one heart and one mind. This is the power of karate!
[Edit this paragraph] The technical principle of karate
In karate, the skills of hands and legs, attack and defense are the basis of attack and defense, and also the introduction and ultimate technical goal of karate. Although most of these basic movements can be practiced in a few months, even if it takes a lifetime, it may not be really perfect. Therefore, those who choose this path must persevere, be conscientious and keep practicing and exercising. Moreover, it is very important to carry out organized and planned training reasonably according to one's physical fitness. Even high-intensity training needs to conform to sports mechanics. Only when it is carried out reasonably under the physiological premise can its effect be reflected. From ancient times to the present, after years of accumulation, the created "empty-handed, technology" combined with the theory of modern science has formulated its rationality. However, on the other hand, there are some doubts that need to be confirmed by future scientific research. On the other hand, in order to respect the ready-made scientific data, karate is indeed expected to fly to a higher dimension. Therefore, the following important points, I hope readers can fully understand and master, and continue to carry out rational training and training.