Zhao ling Liu jun
In the east and west rooms of the altar, there are six carved horse reliefs, which are famous at home and abroad. There is a poem that says, "The king of Qin rides the world with iron, and six generals are good at painting." This is the theme of Li Shimin's own choice. After the collapse of the Sui Dynasty, in order to unify the separatist regime and consolidate the newly established regime in the Tang Dynasty, the six horses he rode contacted his war. It is said that at that time, it was Ambassador Yingshan, Minister of Industry, famous craftsman and artist Yan Lide, and the pattern was carved by a stonemason. These six stone carving horses carved patterns on the plane, carved half the shape and details of a horse, and made the tall meat protrude, which is called relief, also called "high meat carving". Three on each side, all standing against the back eaves wall. According to records, there is a Mazan poem written by Ou Yangxun Taizong in the upper corner of each piece of the original stone, and then an official script of Yin Zhongrong was carved on the seat. These are not seen today, and the original poems are included in All Tang Wen. Liu Jun's names are "Teller's desire", "Qing", "Shifakai", "Showing purple", "Punctuality Arrogance" and "White Hoof Black". The existing Anbeilin Museum, among which "Salouzi" and "All-wool Ma Zi" were stolen and transported to the University of Pennsylvania Museum on 19 14. The six horses in Zhaoling were carved in Zhenguan for ten years, each with a height of 2.5 meters and a width of 3 meters. All of them are bluestone reliefs, with different postures and expressions, simple and powerful lines and magnificent and realistic shapes, which show the achievements of carving art in the Tang Dynasty in China. In "Out of Purple", it shows the kind image of Emperor Taizong who was shot by a flowing arrow when he was fighting with the king. Qiu Hanggong drew an arrow for him before he stepped forward. These stone carvings in Zhaoling are unique in category, shape and subject matter. They do not take the form of observing before death, nor do they use good omen or exorcism. All stone carvings are realistic and extraordinary works with political significance. Zhaoling bedroom is the place where the tomb owner eats, drinks and lives. At first, it was built on the hill next to the grave. Later, due to water supply difficulties, it was moved to the foot of the mountain and called "Xia Ling Palace". At the southwest foot of the mountain, it is roughly in line with Zhuquemen in the south. After that, it moved to Yaotai Temple in the southwest of the enclosure, which is within 18 of the mausoleum. According to the inscriptions and residual stones unearthed from Yaotai Temple site, they were sacrificed here with Jianling in the late Tang Dynasty. This is the residence of the ladies-in-waiting guarding the mausoleum. It is not only a place where emperors and officials pay homage to the mausoleum, but also a place where spring and autumn festivals, festivals, Japanese meals and morning and evening sacrifices are held, rather than a place where maids provide what they need as usual. Today, the site of Xiagong in Zhaoling has not been cleaned up, and the scale is unknown. Zhaoling also has 167 tombs of heroes and nobles, and 57 tombs have known names of their owners, forming a huge cemetery. This is a reference to the system of the Han Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty began with offering sacrifices to tombs. At first, it was limited to burial, and later it was allowed to apply for burial, which was gradually extended to children and grandchildren. According to the records of Zhaoling's inscriptions and unearthed epitaphs, those buried with them may enjoy a state funeral, and all funeral needs shall be borne by the government. Or the official is a monument; Or give rice, millet, cloth and silk; Or give clothes; Or pass it on to Yu 'ebao. There is also a given land to build graves before death. There are also memorials to the meritorious military service, such as the tomb of Li Jing, such as Yinshan Mountain and Jishishan Mountain; The tombs in Li Ji (Xu Maogong) include Yinshan Mountain, Tieshan Mountain and Ude Mountain (the Jade Capital Jinshan). Ashna's tomb rises like a green mountain; Li Simo built a tomb similar to Baidao Mountain. Then there is the emperor's writing books and inscriptions: for example, Wei Zhi tablet wrote books for Emperor Taizong; Li Xunbei wrote a book for Emperor Gaozong, which was enough to show his love for them. The stone carvings in the buried tomb are also extremely exquisite. The stone statue in front of Wen Yanbo's tomb, the flat peach flower ornament on the head of Wei Zhi's tombstone, the Chinese zodiac pattern in Wei Chijingde's epitaph and the lady's line engraving in the sarcophagus were all fine works of art at that time. A large number of exquisite handicrafts have also been found from the tomb, such as the "Three Golden Brightening Deguan" unearthed in Li Ji's tomb, which is beautifully decorated. It is said that Emperor Taizong personally designed three and gave them to the most meritorious minister. Li Xun got one. Numerous burial tombs set off the grandeur of the cemetery. In addition, there are many stone figures, stone sheep, Shi Hu, stone pillars and stone tablets in front of each tomb, which can better decorate the bustling scene of the cemetery. At the same time, it also reflects the relationship between emperor Taizong and his subjects. There is a meaning of "honor and disgrace and * * *, never forget life and death". Emperor Taizong was able to "live alone" with the heroes, neither killing indiscriminately, but also making proper arrangements for them to be buried together after their death, which was really rare among emperors in previous dynasties. Although the ground buildings in Zhaoling have been destroyed and repeatedly destroyed by wars, there are rich historical sites and cultural relics in the cemetery, and there are still a lot of ancient arts and crafts to be discovered. Zhaoling Museum displays many tombstones and epitaphs, and preserves a large number of historical materials about politics and economy in the Tang Dynasty, showing us the height of calligraphy art in the early Tang Dynasty. June (1 1)