Bronze Inscription: Late Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty
Calligraphy is divided into big seal and small seal.
Dazhuan: Late Western Zhou Dynasty
Biography: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period
Lishu: Late Warring States Period
Cursive script: Han dynasty
Running script: Late Eastern Han Dynasty
Regular script: Han and Wei dynasties
Introduction of various characters and fonts:
I. Oracle Bone Inscriptions
Oracle Bone Inscriptions is an ancient script in China, an early form of Chinese characters, and is sometimes regarded as a kind of Chinese characters. It is also the oldest mature script in China, which was first unearthed in Yin Ruins in Anyang City, Henan Province. It belongs to ancient Chinese, not the ancient or primitive language of other languages.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions, also known as "Wen Qi", "Oracle Bone Inscriptions", Yin Ruins or "tortoise shell and animal bones". Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded and reflected the political and economic situation of Shang Dynasty, which mainly refers to the words carved on tortoise shells or animal bones by the royal family in China in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~ 1 1 century), and their contents are generally the things asked or the results obtained by divination. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty and the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions still used it for a period of time, which is an important material for studying the social history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's physical structure has been independent and tends to fit, and a large number of pictophonetic characters have appeared. It inherits the original carving symbols, enlightens the bronze inscriptions, and is the key form of the development of Chinese characters, which is called "the earliest Chinese characters". Modern Chinese characters evolved from Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In a total of * * * 65,438+million Oracle bones, there are more than 4,000 different characters and figures, of which about 2,800 characters have been recognized.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions has a symmetrical and stable pattern. Some people think that China's calligraphy started in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, because Oracle Bone Inscriptions has prepared three elements of calligraphy, namely, writing with a pen, writing with a knot, and composition.
Second, Jin Wen
Bronze inscription is a writing form of ancient Chinese characters in China. Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States. There are four kinds of inscriptions on bronze, namely, inscriptions on bronze in Shang Dynasty (about 1300 BC-about 1046 BC), inscriptions on bronze in Western Zhou Dynasty (about 1046 BC-77 BC-0/year BC) and inscriptions on bronze in Eastern Zhou Dynasty (about 770 BC-0 BC).
Third, seal script
Seal script is a general term for big seal script and small seal script. The brushwork is thin and powerful, with many straight lines. There are Fang Bi, round pen and sharp pen, and there are many "hanging needles" for writing. Big seal script refers to inscriptions on bronze inscriptions, bronzes and six-country scripts, which retain the obvious characteristics of ancient hieroglyphics. Xiao Zhuan, also known as "Qin Zhuan", is a commonly used character in Qin State and a simplified font of Da Zhuan, which is characterized by uniform and neat glyphs and is easier to write than Wen Shu.
The seal script inherited the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty and opened the seal script of the Qin Dynasty.
After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 1 year ago), Xiao Zhuan implemented the policy of "writing is similar, cars are on the same track", and Prime Minister Li Si was responsible for the unified measurement. On the basis of the original script of the Qin Dynasty's Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan simplified it, canceled the other six scripts, and created a unified Chinese writing form. It was popular in China until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (about 8 AD) and was gradually replaced by official script. But because of its beautiful font, it has always been favored by calligraphers.
Fourth, official script.
Li Shu, including Qin Li and Han Li, is generally considered to be developed from seal script, with wide and flat font, long horizontal painting and short vertical painting, and paying attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns". According to the unearthed bamboo slips, Lishu originated in the Warring States Period. According to legend, Cheng Miao was a servant shooter, which reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty and had a great influence on later calligraphy. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai".
Five, cursive script
Cursive script is a font of Chinese characters, which is characterized by simple structure and continuous strokes. Formed in the Han Dynasty, it evolved on the basis of official script for the convenience of writing. The cursive script is divided into Cao Zhang and today's grass, and today's grass is divided into big grass (also called crazy grass) and small grass, which feels beautiful in madness. From the development of cursive script, the development of cursive script can be divided into three stages: early cursive script, Cao Zhang cursive script and modern cursive script.
Six, running script
There are two kinds of running script and cursive script. It is developed and originated on the basis of regular script, a font between regular script and cursive script, in order to make up for the shortcomings of slow writing speed and illegible cursive script. "Go" means "go", so it is not as scribbled as cursive script, nor as straight as regular script. Whether it is cursive or cursive in essence. Those with more patterns than grass patterns are called "running patterns", and those with more grass patterns are called "running grass". Running script has high practicability and artistry, while regular script is a kind of character symbol, which has high practicability and relatively insufficient artistry; Comparatively speaking, cursive script is highly artistic, but its practicality is relatively insufficient.
Seven, regular script
Regular script is also called regular script, real script and official script. It gradually evolved from official script, becoming more simplified and more horizontal and vertical. Ci Hai is interpreted as "square, straight and exemplary". This Chinese character font is correct, which is the popular handwritten orthographic Chinese character.