Appreciation of couplets
1.
The soft red is not outside the wisteria;
The tender green is added before the case.
——Written by Gao Qipei
About the author:
——Gao Qipei (1672-1734):
Gao Tianjue The fifth son, a famous painter in the Qing Dynasty, was born in Tieling, Liaoning Province. At first it belonged to the Xiangbai Banner of the Han Army, and later it was changed to the Xianghuang Banner. It was given the courtesy name Wei Zhi, named Qieyuan, and also named Nancun. It was appointed as the magistrate of Suzhou, Dutong, and Minister of the Ministry of Punishment. He is good at painting flowers, birds, animals, figures, and landscapes. His conciseness and vigorousness are very close to Wu Wei of the Ming Dynasty. He is especially famous for his finger painting. His great-nephew Gao Bing wrote "Finger Painting Theory", which records his painting techniques and anecdotes. At the same time, Gao Qipei also had high attainments in poetry.
Notes
①Soft red: urban prosperity. One of the poems written by Su Shi of the Song Dynasty in his "Classification of Dongpo Poems? Second Rhyme: Uncle Jiang Ying, Qian Mufu Cong Jia Jingling Palace" says: "Half white is not shy and good at wearing hair, soft red is still in love with the car dust." Self-note: "Senior drama, there are The wind and moon in the West Lake are not as soft and fragrant as the soft red soil in Donghua.” This refers to the colorful scenery of spring. ② Wisteria: a tall woody vine with odd-numbered pinnate compound leaves. After the leaves grow, the undersides are still densely covered with long white hairs. They bloom in spring with blue-purple flowers and pods 18-24 cm long. They are mainly produced in northern my country and are for viewing. The flowers and seeds can be Edible, ancient people liked to plant it in their yards. ③ Several cases: generally refers to the table. "Shishuo Xinyu? Yaliang": "Prime Minister Wang is in charge of the bookkeeping, and wants to check the school account. Gongyu is in charge of the bookkeeping, and wants to deal with the bookkeeper. He has nothing to do to know the affairs of people and cases."
This is a story. Vice state scene couplet. The author uses the scenery to express his feelings, expressing his noble and simple feelings, self-entertainment, and willingness to stay in the study. It is exactly what Lu Xun said: "Hide in the small building to form a unified body, and take care of spring, summer, autumn and winter." The scenes blend together and are full of characteristics.
Appreciation
1. Mainly describe the scene, with emotion in the scene.
This couplet describes the scene in the early spring when the courtyard is covered in green. In the elegant and unique courtyard, various flowers, plants and trees bloomed with new buds under the blowing of the spring breeze, revealing the new green and competing for beauty; a few leaves of spring green quietly bloomed in front of the quiet book desk, which made the owner in front of the book desk feel one of spirit. The tall vines separate the inside and outside of the courtyard into two worlds; the courtyard is filled with warm and beautiful spring scenery. The author writes about the scene of early spring and uses the words "soft red", "vine" and "green". The word selection is accurate, vivid, and consistent with the characteristics of the yard. It can be seen that the author has worked hard on the wording. However, the author not only writes about spring scenery, but also expresses his beautiful wishes and ideal pursuit through the description of beautiful spring scenery. The author uses "soft red" to summarize the splendor and vitality of spring, which actually symbolizes the enrichment of the author's inner world and the vitality of life. "Not outside the vines" also means the author's noble feelings of not collaborating with the society. On the one hand, the "vine" is a barrier between the inside and outside of the courtyard, and it is also the dividing line between the author's own world and the outside world. The "new green color in front of the case" indicates that the author's study life is full of vitality like early spring. As a famous painter and scholar, his noble sentiments and strong professional interests are one of the factors for his success, which is consistent with the idea of ????this association. Although this couplet describes a scene, there is emotion in the scene, integrating the author's spring-like inner world with the bright spring scenery, giving it a poetic feel.
2. The combination of movement and stillness, there is movement in the stillness.
If the static spring scene can be written into a dynamic spring scene, it can give readers more beauty and more imagination. This couplet has this feature. The author uses the word "less than" to bring the "soft red" to life, and the word "new addition" to bring the "green" to life. This is a static beauty, but through the author's artistic techniques, he gives it personality characteristics and becomes dynamic. Beauty combines movement and stillness to complement each other. The "vines" and "several cases" clearly indicate the location of the scenery in this couplet, which not only shows the author's skill in word choice and sentence construction, but also reflects the author's own pursuit of life through the description of the scenery.
3. This couplet is cleverly conceived, with neat contrasts and a blend of scenes.
The scenery is a beautiful scenery in spring, and the love is pure sincerity. It has endless charm when reading, and seems to have endless artistic enjoyment. No wonder it has become a famous couplet in ancient and modern times.
2.
The Han River connects to the vastness, watch the rolling river waves, endless cloud shadows and skylight, thousands of miles towards Zongdong into the sea;
Jincheng is within easy reach, listen to Threads of silk pipes are sent one after another to bring the sound of birds and flowers, which attracts people to climb up the stairs at all times.
——Gu Fuchu wrote the title "Chengdu Wangjiang Tower and Zhuojin Tower Couplet"
Notes
① Hanshui: refers to the Hanchuan River in Sichuan Province, which flows into the Dadu River . ②Cang Mang: far away and confused. ③Chaozong: Water flows into the sea. ④Jincheng: Also known as Jincheng, another name for Chengdu. According to legend, Zhang Yi of Qin State built the city during the Warring States Period, which later became the "Palace of the King of Shu". Sichuan brocade has been famous throughout the country since ancient times. During the Three Kingdoms period, officials were set up to manage brocade weaving, so it was called "Jinguan City". Du Fu's poems include lines such as "Flowers are heavy in Jinguan City" and "Beyond Jinguan City are densely populated". ⑤Close: Metaphorical distance is very close. "Zuo Zhuan? The Ninth Year of Duke Xi": "The power of heaven is not contrary to the beauty of being so close." Xu Qian's "Reply to Liu Gongqian" poem: "Although the road is close at hand, it is as difficult as nine passes." The site of Wangjiang Tower originally belonged to Huayang County , so there is a saying of "connecting within a short distance". ⑥One after another silk pipe: silk pipe, silk and bamboo orchestra, a general name for ancient musical instruments. The numerous silk tubes refer to the bustling and joyful scene in the city. Du Fu's poem "Gift to the Queen of Flowers": "The silk pipes in Jincheng are crowded day by day, half into the river wind and half into the clouds." ⑦ Gu Fuchu: courtesy name Ziyuan, nickname Yougeng, a native of Yuanhe (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). During the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty, he served as the official official of Guanglu Temple and was a famous master of poetry, painting and calligraphy at that time. He is the author of "Collected Works of Le Jing Lian Yu Zhai". The first couplet is written by Yang Zongwei. Yang Zongwei, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. ⑧Wangjiang Tower: Located on the south bank of Jinjiang River in Chengdu. The ancient name is "Bijifang". Legend has it that this was the former residence of Xue Tao, a female poet from the Tang Dynasty. Before the Qing Dynasty, pavilions and pavilions began to be built here, and pine, bamboo and flowers were planted here. By the fifteenth year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1889), Chongli Pavilion, Poetry Chanting Tower, Zhuojin Tower, Huanjian Pavilion, Wuyunxian Pavilion, etc. were successively built. Qingwan Room, etc. are the foundation of today's Wangjianglou Park.
The first couplet describes the momentum of Jinjiang River and Hanshui River. Climbing the tower and looking into the distance, we can see that the Han River is vast and confusing. The rolling river flows endlessly under the shadow of clouds and sunlight, flowing eastward into the sea after thousands of miles, giving people the feeling of witnessing it in person.
The second couplet writes about the prosperity of Chengdu. Wangjiang Tower is within easy reach of the city. The sound of bamboo strings and strings in the city, mixed with the scent of birds and flowers, further arouses the excitement of tourists. Through the "seeing" and "listening" after climbing the building, the couplet outlines the power of the river, the prosperity of the city, and the excitement of the tourists. If you read this couplet carefully, you can have a panoramic view of the beautiful scenery around Wangjiang Tower.
3.
Flower notes and tea bowls have been fragrant for thousands of years;
The shadows of clouds and waves live on the first floor.
——He Shaoji wrote the title "Mingwanlou couplet in Chengdu, Sichuan"
About the author
He Shaoji (1799-1837): courtesy name Zizhen, pseudonym Dongzhou, late No. Jiosou, a native of Daozhou (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province). Daoguang Jinshi of the Qing Dynasty. He is good at poetry and prose, good at primary school, and good at calligraphy. He is the author of "Annotations and Corrections of Shuowen Duan", "Anthology of Dongzhou Thatched Cottage Poems", etc., and he has been an editor and editor of the Hanlin Academy, an examiner of the Guangdong Provincial Examination, and an academic official of Sichuan. Mingwan Tower: Located in Wangjiang Tower Park in Chengdu, it is said to be the place where Xue Tao drank tea.
Notes
①Flower paper: exquisite and gorgeous paper. Xu Ling's "Preface to the New Odes of Yutai": "Five-color flower paper, paper from Jiaodong, Hebei." Also: It is said that Xue Tao, the secretary of the girls' school, made poetry paper with water from the well, which was unique in color and called "Xue Tao paper". According to the meaning of this couplet, the "Hua Jian" here should refer to "Xue Tao Jian". "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" contains: "Tao Gong wrote a small poem. Unfortunately, the Chengdu paper was large, so it was all split and narrow. People couldn't find it, so they called it Xue Tao's paper." ② Ming: the general name for tea. Such as fragrant tea and tasting tea. There is "Xue Tao Well" near Mingwan Tower. Because the well is surrounded by sandy soil and has been naturally filtered, the water is very clear and easy to drink. Therefore, people like to boil the water from this well to make tea. ③Wan: A variation of "bowl". ④Live on the first floor: Live means vivid and lifelike. Living the first floor will make Mingwan Building look beautiful and lively.
Appreciation
This couplet describes people and scenes lyrically, with a fresh artistic conception, poetic and picturesque, concise and vivid. The first couplet clasps the word "fragrance" in ink, recalling the anecdotes of the female poet Xue Tao - the flower paper made by Xue Tao, and the tea brewed in the water of Xue Tao's well, the fragrance has been left for thousands of years. This exaggeration highlights historical figures; this imagination is so romantic. The second couplet links the word "live" and writes about cloud shadows and ripples. They are all moving scenes, and they all highlight the word "live".
The purpose is to depict the Mingwan Tower - the cloud shadows and sparkling waves in the river reflect the Mingwan Tower with carved jade railings. The shadows of clouds, waves and reflections of the building are intertwined, making the Mingwan Tower look more beautiful and vivid, like a fairyland on earth. The entire couplet not only praised the female poet Xue Tao, but also described the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland and the infinite scenery of Mingwan Tower. The careful choice of words and sentences shows the author's profound literary skills and superb artistic skills in composing couplets.
4.
Be independent from the world;
Be a disciple of heaven.
——Anonymous author, titled "Pavilion couplet with a view of Tianyou Peak in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian"
Notes
① Independence from the world: It means detachment and independence from the real world. "Book of Han? Biography of Mrs. Li": "Floating, as if leaving the world and becoming independent, emerging and ascending to immortality." ② Disciple: Originally refers to the same kind of people, here it is extended to the same kind of things. "Mencius: Dedicate Your Heart": "Those who rise up when the rooster crows and do good things are the disciples of Shun." ③Tianyou Peak: Behind Wuyi Mountain's Wuyi Ping Peak, it towers majestically, standing alone among the other peaks. Climb to its top. Looking down at the sea of ??clouds, it is like a person swimming in the sky, so it is called Tianyou Peak. There is a viewing pavilion built at the top of Tianyou Peak, which means that you can climb the pavilion and have a panoramic view of Wuyi Mountain.
Appreciation
This is a couplet describing a scene, which makes people feel grand and heroic when read. This couplet has the following characteristics:
1. The "separation" technique in the couplet is adopted, which means that due to the use of allusions when writing the couplet, it makes people read as if there is a layer of separation. At the beginning of this couplet, a sentence from Su Shi's "Red Cliff Ode" is borrowed. It is an allusion, but it is just right. Although the Yilan Pavilion is high and dangerous, there is always a limit. If this couplet uses the "no separation" method to directly write out how high and dangerous the Yilan Pavilion is, not only will it not leave room for imagination, but it will also have to be done in a short time. It is difficult to outline the whole picture of Yilan Pavilion in a few words. This couplet adopts the method of "separation", which on the one hand avoids straightforward description, and on the other hand gives people unlimited room for imagination. It seems that there is a layer of separation, but in fact there is only a thin layer of white paper between the two sides. On the contrary, there is a kind of A novel, hazy, magical feeling. As soon as people see the four words "independent from the world", they know that Yilan Pavilion is tall. But how tall it is, readers can make different imaginations based on their own experiences. This effect is achieved by using the "no separation" method. Unattainable.
2. Scenery description and wording complement each other. At first glance, there is no word describing scenery in this couplet, but upon closer inspection, every word contains scenery. In the author's mind, Yilan Pavilion is extremely tall, and the incomparable height should be beyond the world. The author uses the metaphor of "isolation from the world". It seems that there is no scene described, but in fact the sceneries are all in it. Using the most heroic words in the world to describe the highest mountain in the author's heart is just right in terms of semantics. People can imagine the tallness of the mountain, the beauty of the scenery, and the danger of the victory, and naturally have the feeling of "being at the top of the mountain and seeing all the small mountains at a glance".
3. In terms of wording and phrasing, it is majestic and extremely exaggerated. Judging from the meaning of the word alone, "to be independent from the world and to be a disciple of heaven", in summary, the height of Tianyou Peak Yilan Pavilion is beyond the world, and the only thing that can be compared with it is "heaven"; judging from the source of its allusion , is also bold and bold in style. The "independence from the world" originates from the "Red Cliff Ode" written by Su Shi, a bold poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. This allusion is borrowed in this couplet to borrow Su Shi's bold spirit to illustrate the tall, majestic and towering pavilion. We know that the height of the sky is infinite, and the bold and vigorous spirit and writing style cannot be measured with scales, but the height of Yilan Pavilion can be measured. The author compares finite things to infinite things in order to enable readers to give full play to their imagination.
Finally, this couplet is concise and comprehensive, with majestic momentum, clear rhythm and neat confrontation. This is one of the reasons why this couplet can be circulated for a long time.
5.
The smoke of willows is affectionate, the spring light is dancing, and the sound of wind reminds the morning flute to play;
The water and sky are boundless, the autumn colors are clear, and the moon is bright in the distance. ***Yezhu is here.
——Anonymous Couplet of Yanshui Pavilion in Gantang Lake, Jiujiang
Notes
(1) Riding: Soothing and rippling appearance. Often used to describe spring scenery. A poem written by Xie Tiao of the Southern Dynasties in his "Zhi Zhong Shu Sheng" said: "Friendship is filled with luxuriant pottery, and spring things are full of joy." Liu Liang noted: "The beauty of spring is the beauty of spring.
"
(2) Feng Lai: the sound of wind. Song Su Zhe's poem "Huijing Pavilion": "The mountains and hills are as far as the eye can see, and the wind is blaring and the ears are conspired. ”
(3) Clear and fresh: fresh and fresh. Song Zhu Xi’s poem “Enter the Rui Yan Dao and I have four quatrains in Chengyan Collection, Chongfu’s Second Brother”: “The clear stream flows through the top of the green mountain, and the empty water is clear and fresh, and the color of autumn is the same. ”
(4)***: Pass through the “arch”, surround and guard.
(5) Night beads: Pearls of night light, also known as “luminous beads”. Tang and Song Dynasties Zhiwen's poem "Hello Sun Kunming Pool Yingzhi": "Don't worry about the end of the bright moon, there will be night pearls. "This is a metaphor, referring to the lights around Gantang Lake, like pearls at night.
(6) Gantang Lake Yanshui Pavilion: In the center of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, the lake area is about 270 acres, bounded by Lushan Mountain It is formed by spring water. There is a long embankment about 50 meters long, and there is the Sixian Bridge built in the Song Dynasty. Originally named Jinyue Pavilion, it was first built in the 11th to 13th years of the Tang Dynasty (816-818). It is said that it was the site of Zhou Yu, the governor of the Eastern Wu Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. It is said that the pavilion was built and destroyed many times during the Northern Song Dynasty. When his son built the pavilion in Jiujiang, he named it "Yanshui Pavilion" because of the thin color of the water on the top of the mountain. The current pavilion was built by Gu Huai Huai, a monk in the late Qing Dynasty. There are Boat Hall, Chunyang Hall, Cuizhao Pavilion, Wuxian Pavilion, Yi Pavilion, Banquet Hall, Jingbo Tower, etc. It was fully restored in 1972, and a curved bridge was built to connect it to the pavilion from the lakeside for the convenience of tourists. .
Appreciation
This couplet is a long couplet of famous places with neat contrasts and fresh artistic conception. It vividly depicts the lake around Yanshui Pavilion with poetic brushwork. The light, water, and color fully express the author's infinite love for the incomparable beauty of the motherland's natural scenery and the ingenious historical sites. When chanting this couplet, one seems to be watching the spring and autumn scenery of Gantang Lake and the moonlight of the willows outside the pavilion. It seems to be vivid in the mind, and it is nothing more than a refreshing enjoyment of natural beauty.
As a couplet of scenic spots, this couplet uses the crane top pattern inlay method to separate the two characters of the pavilion name "Yanshui". It is very appropriate to embed it at the beginning of the upper and lower couplets. The entire couplet revolves around the words "smoke" and "water", and the scenery is ingeniously described. The last sentence of the phrase "the heart-broken place of the smoke willow" is used contrary to its meaning. Starting from this, it vividly depicts the spring morning scenery of Yanshui Pavilion and Gantang Lake where it is located: the lakeside is filled with smoke. The willows flutter affectionately with the spring breeze, the spring light is bright, and the wind blows the flute, breaking the tranquility of the morning and waking up the sleepy people. It is really an intoxicating scene of the willows full of affection, the spring light rippling, and the morning flute melodious. The scenery in early spring has the charm that makes people fascinated and lingering.
The first sentence of the second couplet, "The water and the sky are boundless," is a paraphrase of the poem "Water goes with the sky" in Xin Qiji's "Water Dragon Yin? Dengjian Kang Shangxin Pavilion". The sentence "Autumn is boundless" is derived from the sentence "Autumn is boundless". The second couplet deliberately imitates the Yanshui Pavilion and the autumn night scenery around it, which is even more charming: On an autumn night, looking at Gantang Lake, the fresh and clear autumn water is vast, the water and the sky meet, and the blue waves Boundless; under the bright moonlight, the lights are twinkling, as if countless night pearls are falling on the world. How can this charming autumn night scene not make people marvel?
The biggest feature of this couplet is its beauty. The characteristics of the scenic spot Yanshui Pavilion in Gantang Lake are used to make an article. The morning scenery of Yanshui Pavilion in spring and the moonlit night scenery in autumn are unique and have their own characteristics. The author of the couplet captures the characteristics of different seasons. It depicts the scenery and expresses feelings about the scenery, so it gives people a pleasing and poetic feeling.
This couplet is a long fan couplet in strict style, with the first couplet rising (smoke yān) in a straight line. (qǐ), the second couplet is straight (水shuǐ) and flat (lái). The corresponding sentences and words in the upper and lower couplets are very neatly contrasted, especially "love" versus "boundless", "spring" versus "autumn scenery", "Morning Flute" and "Night Beads" give people a more seamless feeling.
In short, this couplet captures the essence of lake light and water color, uses timeless and beautiful words, mainly describes the scene, uses the scene to express emotions, and expresses feelings in the scene. The content is condensed and profound, and the format is rigorous and complete.
6.
Nine white horses create a spectacle, galloping continuously, looking from a distance like eight horses and a red rabbit;
The sound of pines and waves in the three ridges is refreshing. , ups and downs, sounds like thousands of soldiers marching to the battlefield.
——Anonymous author Huangshan Nine Dragons Waterfall Couplet
Notes
① Bai Lian: White silk. ②Eight Horses Hualiu Tianchimen: Hualiu, a red horse; Red Rabbit, the name of a horse, with maroon body. According to legend, Cao Cao gave the red rabbit that Lu Bu rode to Guan Yu in order to recruit Guan Yu to surrender. Nine red horses are used here to describe the rushing momentum of Jiulong Waterfall under the sunlight. ③Three Ridges: The three peaks of Huangshan: Lotus, Tiandu and Guangmingding. ④Shuanglai: refreshing, clear, and bright; Lai, the sound coming from the holes. ⑤Jiulong Waterfall: Huangshan Mountain is located in the southern part of Anhui Province and has been a famous tourist attraction in my country since ancient times. Jiulong Waterfall ranks first among the three major waterfalls in Huangshan Mountain. The nine waterfalls are surging and shaped like nine dragons, so it is named "Jiulong Waterfall".
Appreciation
This is a couplet dedicated to the wonders of Jiulong Waterfall. In the first couplet, the author uses the shorthand technique of close up and far away to vividly display the artistic conception of Jiulong Waterfall in front of tourists: the sun is shining brightly on Jiulong Waterfall, and the clouds are steaming and the clouds are rising. Nine overwhelming currents surge down from the mountain top shrouded in purple mist. Looking from a distance, it looks like nine white horses falling from the sky and hanging over the mountain stream; like nine red horses galloping, unstoppable. What a strange and magnificent natural scenery. The use of "white trains" to describe waterfalls has been around since ancient times. However, the nine white trains hang together in the sky and are dragged vertically down. Their vivid use and grandeur are rare in the world. It not only describes the situation of the waterfall, but also describes the steepness and thrill of the waterfall. The word "out" has no trace, but it is vivid and vivid, making the picture lifelike. "Continuous Pentium" reflects the dynamics of the waterfall flying in the air on the one hand, and the rapidity of the water on the other. The word "Tim" uses the prestige of the red rabbit and horse to add momentum to the scenery and make the couplet lively, reflecting the author's ecstatic mood.
In the second line, the author uses contrasting techniques to highlight the strange and majestic beauty of the waterfall. Next to Jiulong Waterfall, three ridges of pines and waves roar, and thousands of valleys and mountains rumble and echo. Sometimes it is clear and clear like a trickling stream, and sometimes it is like a huge thunder in summer that shakes the heartstrings. The sound of the waves and the roar of the tsunami contrast with the earth-shattering sound of the waterfall. "The ups and downs" not only realistically describe the highs and lows of the sound of the waves, but also give them human emotions, adding to the sense of reality. It feels like hearing its sound or being there. In the last sentence, the author uses artistic imagination to elevate the description of the scenery to a higher level. It makes people seem to see the majestic army, with gold and iron horses busy in battle; it seems to hear the flying flags, the friction and collision of swords, guns and armor, the wind roaring, the horses roaring, the majestic military music, and the horns resounding in the sky merge into one. An impassioned war song. It adds power to the waterfall and highlights the strange grandeur of Jiulong Waterfall.
In short, this couplet uses magical imagination and precise metaphors to describe the magnificence of Jiulong Waterfall. The couplet is full of the author's ecstatic passion, inspiring readers' love for the majestic mountains and rivers of the motherland with strong appeal.