Teaching objectives:
Knowledge objectives:
(1) Relevant cultural knowledge: "Fu"'s style and author's introduction.
(2) Accumulate classical Chinese words and sentence patterns (key content words and function words, false characters, flexible use of parts of speech, and inverted sentences).
(3) Clear the main idea of ??the text and grasp the meaning of key sentences.
Ability goals:
(1) Clarify the context and understand the rationale and interest.
(2) Learn the author’s lyrical, argumentative, and reasoning methods.
Emotional goal: Understand the philosophy of the article and understand the author’s life insights.
Teaching focus:
(1) Accumulate classical Chinese words and sentence patterns (key content words and function words, false characters, inflection of parts of speech, and inverted sentences).
(2) Learn the author’s lyrical, argumentative, and reasoning methods.
Teaching difficulties: understand the philosophy of the article and understand the author’s life insights.
Teaching hours: 4 hours
Teaching methods: Lecture method, questioning method, guidance method.
Teaching process:
First lesson:
Lesson objectives: Understand the author and his writing background, learn relevant cultural knowledge, and master the style of "fu" Features.
1. Introduce new lessons.
Teacher: Classmates, there is such a person. What is Lin Yutang’s evaluation of him? He is an optimist whose nature is hard to change, a moralist who is compassionate and compassionate, a good friend of the common people, and a prose writer. He is a painter of the new school, a great calligrapher, an experimenter in brewing wine, an engineer, an opponent of false Taoism, a practitioner of yoga, a Buddhist, a scholar-official, the emperor's secretary, and a drunkard. He is a kind-hearted judge, a political stickler, a walker under the moon, a poet, and a person who is witty and loves to joke. Who do you think he is? Is it difficult to guess? Then we will see Let’s take a look at contemporary writer Fang Fang’s evaluation of him. When he plays with ink, he created Chinese literati painting; when he writes, his calligraphy is astonishing and will be remembered throughout the ages; when he is delicious, he spreads the word “Dongpo Pork” and “Dongpo Pork”. Dongpo cakes and other delicacies; as soon as he wears them, "Dongpo hats" and "Dongpo clogs" will be immortalized among the people; as soon as he talks and laughs, the monks will become famous monks
Student: Su Dongpo! < /p>
Teacher: Yes, he is Su Dongpo. Please turn to page 99 of the Chinese language book. Let’s study Su Dongpo’s "Red Cliff Ode" together today. Before class, let me ask everyone, how much do you know about Su Dongpo? I will ask my classmates to answer.
2. Author’s introduction and background introduction.
Sheng: He is one of the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties.
Health: He, his father and younger brother are collectively known as Sansu.
Sheng: He is a bold and unrestrained person.
Teacher: It seems that the students know a lot about Su Dongpo. Su Shi, his father Su Xun, and his younger brother Su Zhe were collectively known as "San Su". So, do you remember the eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties?
Students: Han, Liu, Wang,?
Teacher: Okay, please remember, students. The Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties were Han, Liu, Ou, Sansu, Wang Zenggong. That is, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong. In addition, what other achievements does Ouyang Xiu have? Let's see the screen together.
Teacher: Su Shi and Xin Qiji are collectively known as "Su Xin" in terms of writing poetry. They are both bold and unconstrained poets in the Song Dynasty.
Student: Teacher, do they know each other?
Teacher: No, Su Shi is from the Northern Song Dynasty and Xin Qiji is from the Southern Song Dynasty. inherited and developed. In calligraphy, together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, he is collectively known as "Su Huang Mi Cai".
Student: Teacher, what is rice?
Teacher: Mi Fu (fu).
Teacher: Let’s briefly understand Su Shi.
Teacher: We quoted Fang Fang’s evaluation of Su Dongpo in "Like Su Dongpo" at the beginning. It is not difficult to see that he is indeed a very talented person. His talent is not only It is not reflected in literature, but in all aspects of life. It seems that as long as Su Dongpo moves a little, a strong cultural color will be left. ?He was so talented that even God seemed to be jealous. Therefore, fate frequently played tricks on him. He had a bad life and a rough life. In the second year of Yuanfeng, he was implicated in the Wutai Poetry Case and imprisoned. In the spring of the third year of Yuanfeng, he was demoted to Huangzhou and served as deputy envoy of Tuanlian. He was imprisoned three times. In his "Self-Inscribed Portrait of Jinshan" there is such a poem? Asking about Yu's life achievements, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou. ?
Student: Teacher, why didn’t he go back to the countryside like Tao Yuanming?
Teacher: This is a good question. Why didn’t he die of depression like Jia Yi? Didn't he go back to the countryside like Tao Qian?
Teacher: Because he has a very special spiritual world. Su Shi's thoughts combine the essence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. He has the Confucian idea of ??actively engaging with the world and caring about the country and the people, and he also has the Buddhist and Taoist idea of ??detachment and aloofness from the world. When his Confucianism suffered setbacks, he was able to find his spiritual home in Buddhism and Taoism.
Teacher: Students should pay attention to understanding his special spiritual world. The text we are going to study this time is related to this. After talking about Su Shi, let’s talk about Red Cliff. Everyone knows something about Red Cliff, right?
Student: The Battle of Red Cliff.
Teacher: Yes. But the Chibi in the "Chibi Fu" we are going to study today is not the Chibi in the Battle of Chibi. It's a place called "Chibiji" in Huanggang, Hubei. As we have mentioned before, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, which is now the Huanggang area in Hubei Province. Su Shi once chanted three poems about Red Cliff on this poem "Red Biji", including a poem "Niannujiao? Chibi Nostalgia", as well as the poems about Red Cliff before and after. The "Chibi Fu" we are going to study today is actually the former Chibi Fu.
Teacher: Chibi knows, what is Fu?
Student: Han Fu.
Teacher: It’s good for students who can think of Han Fu. Han Fu is a kind of rhymed prose that appeared in the Han Dynasty. Because “Fu” is the representative of the literature of the Han Dynasty, many people just talk about it. "Fu", it is taken for granted that it is "Han Fu". But that's not the case.
Teacher: As mentioned just now, this poem was written during the period when Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. The specific time was the fifth year of Yuanfeng, which was two years after he was demoted to Huangzhou. "You can see the beautiful fish around the Yangtze River, and you can feel the fragrance of bamboo shoots in the mountains." The fresh fish in the water, the bamboo shoots in the mountains, and all the scenery in the river city brought great comfort to the politically frustrated Su Shi. At this time, he stood on the red cliff by the river, looking at the picturesque mountains and rivers, and sang the bold song "The great river goes eastward". On a quiet night on July 17, he took a boat ride on the Yangtze River under Red Cliff and wrote the eternal masterpiece "Ode to Red Cliff".
3. Homework assignment
Please go back and preview "Red Cliff Fu" tonight, read the text thoroughly, and phoneticize new words.
Thinking: What is the main content of "Chibi Fu"?
Second lesson:
Lesson goal: explain the main idea of ??the first and second paragraphs, Accumulate classical Chinese words and master attributive postpositions and adverbial postpositions.
1. Introduction
Teacher: Classmates, we asked you to go back and preview "Red Cliff Fu" in the last class. Have you done the preview?
Student: No .
Teacher: No preview? You promised to surpass Class 1 and Class 2 in the mid-term exam? How can you surpass them with this kind of learning attitude? You know, you are intellectually inferior to the students in Class 1 and Class 2 They are quite the same, the difference is that their foundation is better than yours. To lay a solid foundation, the most important thing is to spend more time and attention on learning! (In our school, Class 1 and Class 2 are key classes, and the class I teach is an ordinary class)
Teacher: Since If you haven’t previewed, you have to listen even more carefully in class! Now, let’s ask the students to read the text together.
Students read together.
2. Correct pronunciation
Teacher: You should pay attention to the following words when reading.
3. Teaching the first paragraph of the text
Teacher: After marking the phonetic notation, ask the students to read the first paragraph of the text together again.
Students read together.
Teacher: The autumn of Renxu is here in July. In the autumn of the Renxu year, in July, what day is it? See the notes in the lesson.
Sheng: It’s past Wangri.
Teacher: What is looking at the sun?
Student: It is the fifteenth day of the small month and the sixteenth day of the big month in the lunar calendar.
Teacher: Yes, July is the big month. After the 16th day, it will be the 17th day of July. In the autumn of the Renxu year, it was the seventeenth day of the seventh month. Su Zi and his guests went boating and swam under Red Cliff. Su Dongpo rowed a boat with his guests and swam under the Red Cliff. What does it mean to be here?
Health: Yes.
Teacher: So what’s so special about this sentence? When you translate it, will you translate it directly into “Swimming under the Red Cliff”?
Student: No, it’s in Playing under Red Cliff, reverse sentence.
Teacher: What is inversion?
Student: Ding?
Teacher: Students see, what part of speech is "you"?
Health: verb.
Teacher: Remember, attributive is a component that modifies and limits nouns and pronouns, and adverbials are a component that modifies and limits verbs and adjectives. It is equivalent to your ?adj+n" and ?adv+v" in English. So this inversion should be?
Student: Adverbial postposition.
Teacher: That’s right. In the future, in classical Chinese, if you see words like "yu", "huhu" followed by place or time, you should pay attention to see if it is used to modify the preceding verb. If so, it is an adverbial postposition.
Teacher: The breeze is coming slowly, but the water is calm. Xu Lai blew slowly, but Bu Xing didn't make any waves. Lifting wine to the guests, reciting poems about the bright moon, and singing graceful chapters. ? belongs to ?tong?exhorts?, which means to persuade people to drink. Recite poems about the bright moon and sing graceful chapters. Please read the notes after class. The poem about the bright moon refers to?
Student: "The Book of Songs? Chen Feng? Moonrise".
Teacher: What does the graceful chapter mean?
Student: The sentence "Shu Yaojiu Xi" in "Moonrise".
Teacher: So what kind of grammatical phenomenon should there be here? Su Shi first recited the poem "Moonrise" and then sang the poem "Shu Yao Jiu Xi"?
< p> Student: No, it’s intertextual.Teacher: Yes, this is an intertextual phenomenon.
Student: What is intertextuality.
Teacher: This is what you should have learned when you were in junior high school. In "The Poetry of Mulan", "Buy a horse in the east market, buy a saddle in the west market?", does Mulan go to the east market first? Bought a horse, and then bought a saddle in the market to the west? No, what this means is that she wandered around in the market and bought these things, right? The intertextuality is in one sentence, two The actions may seem independent of each other, but in fact they complement each other. We also said in the compulsory course "The Peacock Flies Southeast", "Pine and cypress were planted in the east and west, and sycamore was planted on the left and right." He did not mean that he only planted pine and cypress on the east and west sides, and sycamore on the left and right, but that he planted Pine, cypress and plane trees were planted around the tomb. Do you understand?
Teacher: Keep reading. After a while, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights. When you get this sentence, what should you notice immediately?
Born: on Dongshan, between bullfights. Adverbial postposition.
Teacher: Yes, how should it be translated? Shaoyan, not a while. Zheng XX.
Sheng (Zheng XX): After a while, the moon rose from the mountains in the east, hovering between the constellations of Dipper and Ox.
Teacher (student): OK, please sit down. Even though a reed is like this, thousands of hectares are at a loss. This sentence requires students to pay attention. First of all, even if a reed is like, even if it is? (allow), a reed (a small boat as small as a reed leaf) is like (going, going). Well, we have also said before that the structure of "object + verb" is equal to "(noun)". Then the students saw that even if a small boat is like a reed, what is missing (want to) reach the place?
Student: verb.
Teacher: Yes.
So, in this place, which word can be used as a verb?
Student: 之?
Teacher: Yes, please focus on this sentence, the word "Zhi" here , is used as a verb, meaning to go or go. In this case, this sentence makes sense. Let a boat go where it wants to go. To paraphrase, let the boat drift anywhere.
Teacher: Ling Wanqing is at a loss. What kind of grammatical phenomenon is there?
Student: Adverbial postposition? Attributive postposition.
Teacher (student): Look, what does ten thousand hectares mean? (The river is wide). Yes, in fact, there is another technique here. Ten thousand hectares refers to the width of the river surface. Therefore, ten thousand hectares is a characteristic of the river surface. So here, the characteristics are used to replace the ontology. This is a metonymic technique. Wanqing refers to the surface of the river, that is to say, what part of speech is it? (noun). What modifies a noun? (verb). That's right, so it should be? (attributive postposition). Very good. It seems that the students have a certain grasp of attributive postposition and adverbial postposition.
Teacher: The vastness is like riding on the wind without knowing where it is going; the flutteringness is like leaving the world to be independent, becoming immortal and ascending to immortality. Haohao, remember "Haohao Tang Tang" in "Yueyang Tower"? What does it mean?
Health: Vast.
Teacher: Yes, the water here looks like a mighty force, almost like the end of an adjective or something. The water is so strong that the boat seems to be flying in the sky. And, means? turning. But I don't know where it will stay. Floating as if left behind in the world, becoming an immortal. So elegant, and like leaving the world, detached and independent, soaring into a fairyland. What is the relationship here? First grow wings, then fly up and become an immortal. (Born: Shun Cheng).
Teacher: The meaning of this paragraph has been roughly sorted out. Please think about it, students, what is the main content of this paragraph?
Student: Su Shi and his guests visited Red Cliff at night.
Teacher: That’s right. The beginning of this paragraph clearly states the time (born: Autumn of Renxu, July 7th), place (born: under Red Cliff), and person (born: Su Zi and Ke). The first paragraph is about Su Zi and the guest's night outing. The author uses vivid pen and ink to describe the beauty and tranquility of Red Cliff on an autumn night as well as the joy of night excursions with guests.
IV. Teaching the second paragraph of the text
Teacher: Next, ask the students to read the second paragraph together.
Students read together.
Teacher: Then I drank and had a lot of fun. So, is an ancient and modern synonym. Here it is actually divided into two words, at, at; at this time. At this time, I was drinking and feeling very happy. But, what does it mean to buckle the side and sing it?
Student: Parallel? Progressive?
Teacher: To give a simple example, the Chinese teacher walked in with a book in his arms. classroom. Ask students to mark the subject, predicate and object.
Student: The Chinese teacher is the subject, holding is the predicate, and the book is the object
Teacher: What does it mean to walk into the classroom?
Student:?
p>
Teacher: Please think about it, students, the Chinese teacher walked into the classroom holding the book. Are the two actions of holding the book and walking into the classroom parallel to each other? Is it holding the book while walking into the classroom? No. . Is that a progression? First pick up the books at the door and then walk into the classroom? No. So this sentence is about the Chinese teacher holding the book or the Chinese teacher walking into the classroom?
Student: Walking into the classroom.
Teacher: What is holding a book? Is it talking about the state when the Chinese teacher walks into the classroom? How does the Chinese teacher walk into the classroom? He walks into the classroom holding a book, holding a book Books are used to decorate the classroom. The former action is used to modify the latter action. In the same way, if you hold the ship's side and sing, how do you sing? Lightly hold the ship's side and sing. The action of buckling the side is used to modify the action of singing. So it should be expressed as modification. Hold the side and sing, have you completed the action? (student: completed). So, what does zhi mean? Could it be a pronoun? (Sheng: No). Is there any other meaning? (Sheng: None). So what should be here is? (生：无义). Yes, it is used here to supplement syllables. It is a syllable particle and has no actual meaning.
Teacher: The song goes like this: "The osmanthus and the orchid oar are flying, and the sky is clear and the stream of light is counting." ?The lyrics say, the paddle is made of osmanthus, and the oar is made of magnolia.
Hit means beating. What are emptiness and streamer? See the notes.
Health: The clear river water floats under the moonlight.
Teacher: What are the original parts of speech of Kongming and Liuguang? (Student: adjective). What part of speech is in the annotation? (student: noun). Do you still remember what we said in the first paragraph, "Ling Wanqing's confused Wanqing"? The usage here is different from "Wanqing"?
生: Same, both use characteristics to replace the ontology.
Teacher: Very correct. The clear river water lapping under the moonlight. Trace back, trace back and follow it, the road is blocked and long. What does sui mean? Go against the current.
Teacher: I feel so vague in my heart, and look forward to the beauty in the sky. Miaomiao, distant. Thank you, my thoughts. Translated as far away, my mind is far away, what’s the problem?
Student: My mind is far away.
Teacher: So what is the grammatical phenomenon here?
Student: Inversion.
Teacher: What inversion? My thoughts? They are very far away. In the sentence components, what is my mind? (At this position, I found a very big problem. I never thought that as a high school student, I can’t even distinguish subject, predicate and object. So later I Another whole class was spent to help them learn the subject, predicate, object and adverbial complement in modern Chinese.) My mind is the subject, far away is the predicate, here is the subject-predicate inversion. Look at the beauty in the sky. Looking at the beauty in my heart, she is far away in the horizon. Is the beauty here a literal beauty? Think about what kind of tradition we have learned in "Li Sao"?
Student: Vanilla Beauty. So the beauty here refers to the sage.
Teacher: Yes, the beauty here refers to a virtuous minister or a sage. There is a guest who plays the dongxiao, and he sings to make peace with him. If you are a guest who plays the dongxiao, ask a classmate to translate it.
Sheng: One of the guests can play the flute.
Teacher: Well, every word of the translation has been implemented. But do you think there is something wrong with this sentence? How should we speak normally?
Student: There is a guest who can play the flute.
Teacher: So it’s the same here?
Student: The attributive is postpositioned.
Teacher: Very good. Rely on the song and harmonize with it. Rely on the song and follow the rhythm. Harmony with it should be in harmony with him. What does "but" mean here?
Student: Respond to him according to the rhythm. Indicates modification.
Teacher: Correct. His voice was whining, like resentment, admiration, weeping, complaining, and the lingering sound was lingering like a wisp. Xiao Sheng sobbed, like mourning, like yearning, like sobbing, like talking. (After finishing blowing) The lingering sound is gentle and long, like a slender silk thread that stretches endlessly. The lurking dragon dances in the secluded ravine, and the concubine weeps in the lonely boat. What is the usage of dance and cry here?
Health: dance, cry.
Teacher: Is it directly translated as dancing and crying? Let’s substitute the original sentence and see, dancing the dragon hiding in the deep valley, crying the widow on the lonely boat. Is it smooth?
Health: Not smooth. It makes the dragon hidden in the deep valley dance and makes the widow on the lonely boat cry.
Teacher: Yes, this kind of usage is called the verb usage. When translating, it should be translated into "How about using"?
Teacher: What is this passage about?
Student: The guest is playing the flute.
Teacher: He is playing the flute. How is the sound?
Student: It is very sad.
Teacher: The main character in this episode is Le Ji Bei Lai. The song is written first, and then the flute sound is written; the "beauty" Yu Jun in the song expresses the author's desire to contribute to the country; the resentment, admiration, weeping, and complaining of the flute sound capture the "sad" characteristics of the flute sound, and the last two This exaggerated metaphor expresses the soul-stirring appeal of the sound of the flute.
5. Homework Assignment
Ask students to carefully understand what they learned today after they go back, and then recite one or two paragraphs and write them silently tomorrow.