Printed books (1) were not filled with books (2) by the Tang Dynasty. The Five Classics began to be printed in the Five Dynasties, and all the classics were printed on the blackboard.
In the celebration calendar, there is a Bi Sheng in cloth, which is also a trap. In this method, the words are carved in clay, which is as thin as money lips, and each word is printed (1 1), and the fire is firm (12). First set up an iron plate, and spray resin, wax and (13) paper ash (14) on it. If you want to print, put an iron fan (15) on the iron plate with words printed on it. If you take the iron fan as a plate, it will burn (16). If the medicine (17) melts slightly, press it with a flat plate, and the words will be as flat as stone (18). If it is printed in triplicate (19), it will not be easy (20); If you print hundreds of thousands of copies (2 1), the speed will be extremely fast. I often make two iron plates, one is printed and the other is printed from (22). Only when this printer is finished, the second board has (23), which is mutually used (24) and can be used in an instant (25). Each word has several seals, such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than 20 seals, in case there is duplication on one board. When not in use, use paper stickers (26), one for each rhyme, and store the wooden lattice (27). If there is an unguarded strange character (28), it can be achieved in an instant by carving it with rotation (29) and burning it with grass. If wood is not used as the material (30), the arts and sciences are dense (3 1), but it is uneven when it touches water, (32) it is not advisable to stick to medicine (33); Instead of burning earth (34), use fire (35) to melt the medicine, and brush it by hand, and its seal will automatically fall off without being contaminated by (36).
Ascending to death, its seal was obtained from (37) and has been preserved to this day.
Word annotation
(1) printed books: woodcut printed books. Engraving printing, engraving books. (2) doing: doing (using) on a large scale. It means "books printed on wooden boards" ③ Five Dynasties: It refers to the five dynasties after the Tang Dynasty, such as Hou Liang, the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty. ④ Five Classics: Confucian classics, which refer to Book of Changes, Book of History, Book of Songs, Book of Rites and Spring and Autumn Annals. After the Han dynasty, it was collectively called the Five Classics. ⑤ Later: Later. Yes, pass "to". ⑥ Classics: Important literary books. ⑦ blackboard writing: printed books. ⑧ Celebration calendar: Song Renzong year number (104 1~ 1048). Pet-name ruby: civilians. In ancient times, people without official positions wore cloth clothes, so they were called cloth clothes. Attending the money lip: the edge of the copper coin. (1 1) seal: impression. (12) Spirit Sword: Difficult. (13) and (Hu): mixed. (14) Mao: Meng and Gai. (15) Fan: frame. (16) Roast on fire (y2n): Roast on fire. It's nearby. Hey, baking. (17) medicine: refers to the above-mentioned turpentine, wax and other substances. (18) The word is as flat as a rock (D! The words (all lined up on the board) are as flat as a grindstone. Only (19). (20) Not simple: not simple. (2 1) Tens of thousands: dozens or even hundreds of thousands. (22) Self: Don't be yourself, besides. (23) equipment: ready. (24) Multi (g5ng) mutual: alternating, taking turns. (25) Just: Done. (26) Stick on paper: (classify movable type) Mark with paper. Label it. (27) Every rhyme is a post, which is stored in a wooden cell: it means to classify words according to rhyme and put them in a wooden cell respectively. (28) strange words: uncommon words. (29) Rotation: Immediately and quickly. (30) People who don't take wood as the object: the reason why they don't use wood to carve movable type. (3 1) Arts and sciences: texture, texture. (32) At the same time: and. (33) Not desirable: I can't take it off. (34) Burning (f2n) soil: It is the above-mentioned "lettering with soil, burning to make it firm". Burning: burning. (35) End (q@): End. Absolutely not: not at all. (37) Wei Qun (z#ng): By my younger brother and nephew. Crowd, crowd, crowd. Next to the closest relatives, such as cousins as brothers, nephews as sons and uncles as fathers. Simply saying "from" means being younger than yourself.
Poetry translation
Printing books by block printing was not carried out on a large scale in the Tang Dynasty. It was not until the Five Dynasties that the Five Classics were printed by block printing. Since then, classic literature has been printed into books.
In the Qing Dynasty, Bi Sheng, a commoner, created movable type printing. His method is: lettering and printing with clay, as thin as the edge of copper coins. After carving, bake it with fire to make it hard and firm. Prepare an iron plate first, and spread turpentine, wax, paper ash and the like on it. When printing, put an iron frame on the iron plate, and then arrange the lettering one by one. When it is full, it can be counted as a version. Take it to the fire and bake it. When turpentine and wax are slightly melted, put them on the page with a flat plate and press them down, and the lettering will be as flat as a millstone. If only two or three copies are printed, it will not be easy; If you print dozens, hundreds or even thousands of copies, it will be soon. (Best) Always prepare two iron plates, one for printing and the other for typesetting. This one has just been printed, and that one has been typeset. These two printing plates can be used alternately, and printing can be completed in a short time. Each word has several seals, such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than twenty seals, so that it can be used when it appears repeatedly in the same version. When not in use, paste the note as a mark, classify it according to rhyme, and put it in the wooden lattice respectively. Some uncommon words are not prepared at ordinary times, so they can be baked with grass fire at any time and will soon be put into use. The reason why we don't use wood for carving is because the texture of wood is uneven, and it will become uneven when it meets water. In addition, it will stick with turpentine and so on, so it can't be taken off. It's best to burn it with clay, and then bake it with fire after printing, so that things like turpentine can melt. When you touch it with your hand, the words naturally fall off and are not dirty at all.
After Bi Sheng's death, his seal was obtained by my cousins and nephews, and it has been well preserved so far.
2.33 Enlightened readers in classical Chinese: 1~33 Enlightened readers in classical Chinese are as follows: 1 Gao Huai sells eel noodles in Xiaodongmen, Yangzhou.
He slaughtered thousands of eels every day, and a handmaid pitied him. Every night, she secretly fished out a few eels from the water tank and threw them into the river through the back window. This was done for several years. One day, a fire broke out in the shop, and the maid escaped in a hurry and was burned by the fire.
She was trapped by the river and fell asleep in the middle of the night. After waking up, I found that not only the pain was relieved, but also the burned area was much better.
She looked around and found that the wound was covered with mud from the river, while the ground left traces of eels walking. Only then did she know that it was the eel that had been released before to save her.
Gao Huai was moved by his handmaid's behavior, so he immediately stopped the operation and dismantled the boiler. There was a hole under the boiler, and he threw countless live eels into the river. 2 "Parrot Firefighting" A parrot flew to another mountain. All the birds and animals on the mountain are very friendly to it. Parrots have their own ideas. Although it is nice here, it is not a place to stay for a long time. The parrot left here and flew elsewhere.
Birds and beasts are reluctant to let go. A few months later, a fire broke out on this mountain, and the flame went straight into the sky. After seeing it, the parrot in the distance plunged into the water, got wet with its feathers, flew over the forest, sprinkled water on the fire, and tried to water the fire-fighting mountain with the water drops on its feathers. God said to the parrot, "Although you mean well, how can this drop of water be enough?" The parrot replied, "I also know that my water droplets can't put out the fire, but I used to live in this mountain, and the animals in the mountain were very kind to me." I really can't bear to see them extinct by this fire, so I will try my best to help them! " God praised the parrot's kindness and put out the fire.
3 "Huang Xiang Wen Xi" Huang Xiang is a former Han Chinese. When he was 9 years old, he knew how to serve his parents. Summer is coming, and the weather is extremely sultry.
Huang Xiang took a fan, fanned his parents' bed and pillow, fanned mosquitoes and bloodsucking insects in mosquito nets, and let his father sleep peacefully after a hard day's work. In winter nights, the weather is particularly cold.
Huang Xiang warmed his parents' bed with his body temperature, and then called his father to sleep. In this way, the story of Huang Xiang's banquet spread, known as "A Chinese Odyssey, Jiangxia Huang Xiang".
4 "Dogs Save * * *" Chenggong County villagers have a dog. One day, a mother went up the mountain to collect firewood. My daughter couldn't keep up and suddenly fell behind her mother for several miles. Suddenly, when her mother came back to collect firewood at night, her daughter and dog were gone. Her mother was very scared in the village and ran back and forth shouting, but she never saw her daughter. The nearby village helped to find it, but it didn't help. In the evening, her parents were very sad. Probably eaten by a German shepherd. Just before dawn, my parents asked the nearby village to help them find it. Finally, I saw the girl lying under a tree, and the dog snuggled up to her, but she didn't die. It was November of the 11th year of Yongzheng, and people in the same county were not surprised by the five great achievements of Wu people in the Three Kingdoms period. When the official position was the largest, he once served as a satrap and was proficient in astronomical calendars. When he was six years old, he met Yuan Shu in Jiujiang. Yuan Shu was given oranges, and Lu Ji secretly hid three. When he left Yuan Shu, oranges fell to the ground.
Yuan Shu said with a smile: "Lu Lang is a guest here, but he goes back with oranges. What is the reason?" Lu Ji knelt down and replied, "Because oranges are sweet, I want to take them back to my mother!" " "Yuan Shu said:" Lu Lang knew filial piety at such a young age, and he will definitely become a great talent when he grows up! "Yuan Shu felt that his grades were very different, and he often praised them in the future. 6 "Sun Tai" Sun Tai is from Yangshan. When I was young, I studied under Huang Fuying, and my moral character was very ancient.
Sun Tai's wife is her aunt's daughter. At first, my aunt was old and entrusted her two daughters to Sun Tai, saying, "The eldest daughter has an eye problem, so you can marry her sister."
After his aunt died, Sun Tai married his aunt's eldest daughter. When someone asked him why, Sun Tai said, "There is something wrong with that man's eyes. He can't get married except me. "
They all admire Sun Tai's friendship. Sun Tai once met an iron lampstand in the city and bought it and washed it. It turned out to be made of silver.
Sun Tai quickly returned it to the seller. During the period of neutralization, Sun Tai will buy a villa in his home in Yixing and spend 200 yuan.
After paying half the money, Sun Tai went to Xing Wu County and agreed to go to the newly bought villa when he came back. After two months, Sun Tai came back, stopped the boat and left, and gave the owner the rest of the money to move to another place.
At this moment, I saw an old woman crying repeatedly. Sun Tai was horrified and told her to ask.
The old woman said, "I used to serve my in-laws here, but my children and grandchildren were unsuccessful, so the villa was owned by others. I am very sad." Sun Tai was at a loss for a long time, so she lied to her and said, "I just received the document from the capital and got another position. I can't live here. Your son is in charge of my place for the time being. "
Say that finish, untie the boat rope, leave and never come back. 7 "Wen Zhiming Xizi" Wen Zhiming supervised the writing of "thousands of words", with ten copies written every day as the standard, and calligraphy made rapid progress.
He has never been careless in writing all his life. Sometimes answering people's letters is a bit incomplete. I must have rewritten it three times and five times, not afraid of trouble.
Therefore, the older he is, the more exquisite and beautiful his calligraphy becomes. 8 "Crazy Spring" Once upon a time there was a country where there was only one spring, named "Crazy Spring".
People all over the country drink this water, and no one is not crazy; Only the monarch of the country can dig wells to get water, and the only one can avoid disease. As the people of the whole country were crazy, they gathered together and tried to catch the king and cure his madness. They use mugwort leaves to smoke, needle and take medicine.
The king couldn't stand the pain, so he came to the spring and scooped water to drink. After drinking, he went crazy. All subjects, adults and children, are equally crazy and everyone is in high spirits.
9 "Intelligent Dog Solve the Case" There is an ancient temple hundreds of miles away in Hangzhou, and the incense is very strong. One night, a thief climbed over the wall and entered (the temple).
The dog barked and a monk found the thief. The thief chopped the monk to the ground and ran away with the goods.
A few days later, two young monks came in and saw the body. They were very surprised. So he complained to the government that his dog had left.
I passed a pub on the way and saw five or six.
3. The reading answer of The Fire is 1. The author describes two life segments accompanied by fire in winter. Please summarize their contents in one sentence. 2. What are the three characteristics of "fire" revealed by the author? Please talk about the feeling and influence of "fire" on "me" in combination with three characteristics. 3. What kind of writing does the author use to highlight the image of "fire"? Please make a brief analysis according to the content of the article. 1. In the reception room, the fire brings warmth and tranquility to the author like a friend. In a private school, fire brings warmth to touch and inspiration and hope to the author. 2. It glows and makes a sound that shakes the soul. It artistically reveals the warmth and vitality, hope and courage that "fire" brings to the author. It shows that the author loves life and has a positive attitude towards life. 3. Use contrast, personification, metaphor and other techniques to highlight the warmth brought by fire through the comparison of cold and warm. In the article, personification and metaphor such as "I know its temper like the back of my hand" and "bright eyes" vividly convey the author's love for fire and show the special significance of fire to the author.