Looking at Lushan Waterfall (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai's Rizhao incense burner gave birth to purple smoke, looking at the waterfall hanging in front of Sichuan.
On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth. To Wang Lun (Tang Dynasty), Bai was about to take a boat when he heard singing on the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love. Silent Night Thinking (Tang Dynasty) Is there frost in the moonlight in front of Li Bai's window? .
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. Qiu Pu Song (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai's white hair is three thousands of feet, and his fate is like a song of everlasting regret.
The autumn frost in the mirror comes from nowhere. Li Bai (70 1-762), a native of the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, six feet six inches, with the word Taibai, was a famous violet layman and a native of Jiangyou, Sichuan, and was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold and elegant, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious temperament.
He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. He and Du Fu, a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, are also called "Da Du Li" and "Poet Fairy". Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Poet Saint" because two orioles sing green willows and a row of egrets soar into the sky. The snow outside the window is Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the door.
Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty.
Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department.
Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Qiantang Lake spring tour Baijuyi Gushan Temple north of Jiating West, the water level was low at the beginning.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests. Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar. Bai Juyi, the word Lotte, is a famous Buddhist in Xiangshan.
Originally from Taiyuan [now Shanxi]. When he arrived at his great-grandfather, he moved to the summer night (now north of Weinan, Shaanxi).
Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was a magistrate of Gongxian county and a good friend of Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng.
Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (AD 772). Wuzong Huichang died in Luoyang [Henan] in August (846) at the age of 75.
In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things. He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations.
He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. In summer, Su Shi bid farewell to the hospital. It was late in the summer, and the pomegranate was full of curtains.
At noon, the ground was covered with greenery, Su Shi (1037? 1 10 1) A writer and painter in the Song Dynasty. The word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, the number Dongpo lay man.
Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. When Lu You died, he knew that everything was empty, but he looked at Kyushu sadly.
Julian Waghann Beiding Central Plains Day, don't forget to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifice! Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, devoted his life to the just cause of resisting gold and recovering lost land. Although squeezed out and hit by capitulationists, patriotic enthusiasm never waned.
The poem "Shizi" is the last will written by the poet to his son, expressing the poet's deep and strong patriotic feelings of "setting the Central Plains in the north" and unifying the motherland until his death. * * * "Returning to the Garden" Tao Yuanming has no suitable rhyme, and he loves his post by nature. After falling into the dust net by mistake, I have been attached to Lao Lin and missing my hometown for thirteen years. When he reclaimed wasteland in the south, he returned to the garden. ~427), also known as Qian, is bright, and the number is Mr. Wu Liu. Tao Yuanming's masterpiece is The Peach Blossom Garden:>& gt It's like a dream. Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so a deep sleep didn't consume wine. I asked the shutter man, but Haitang is still the same. Know what? Know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
Li Qingzhao (A.D.1084-1151? ), Hao Yi, a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan, was an outstanding poetess in the Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family. His father, Li, is proficient in classics and history and is good at prose. His mother Wang can also write.
Influenced by her family, she was gifted at an early age. Li Qingzhao is well versed in poetry, prose, calligraphy, painting and music, with ci as the highest achievement.
The teenager in the middle wall of Boshan Road, picking mulberry seeds, did not know the taste of sorrow and fell in love with the building. Fall in love with the floor and worry about adding new words.
Now that I know what it's like to worry, I want to talk about it. Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty at the age of 67.
The original word Tanfu, renamed You 'an and Jia Xuan, was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong), Han nationality. China is a great poet and patriot in history.
As famous as Su Shi, he is known as "Su Xin". In history, Li Qingzhao and Li Qingzhao were also called "Jinan Er 'an". Farewell to the viceroy, and leave Bo, separated by the wall of Sanqin and the fog of five rivers.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? Her daughter Wang Bo (649~675) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word zi an.
Jiangzhou Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi) people. Together with Yang Jiong and Lu, they are called "Wang Luo" and "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty".
2. Tips for classic practical literature
China's literary style, terminology and theoretical literature are also called "language art", which is one of the basic styles of art. It uses language as a medium and means to shape artistic images, reflect social real life and express the spiritual world of characters.
Give play to its various social functions in an aesthetic way. Sinology theory "Sinology" came into being in the historical period of western learning spreading to the east and cultural transformation, and was promoted by a large number of sinology masters such as Zhang Taiyan, Lu Xun, Wang Guowei and Hu Shi.
It flourished in the 1920s. Chinese studies are also called Chinese studies.
It is a unique and complete cultural and academic system based on pre-Qin Confucian Classics and philosophers' studies, covering Han Confucian Classics, Wei-Jin Metaphysics, Sui-Tang Buddhism, Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism, Han Fu, Six Dynasties Parallel Prose, Tang-Song Poetry, Ming-Qing Yuanqu and Novels, as well as historiography of past dynasties, including classics, history, Confucius and anthology. Genre genre is also called "style".
Generally refers to the categories of various literary and artistic works. That is, the stable form of the structure of literary and artistic works formed in the long-term historical development.
With the continuous development of social life, there will be new schools. Most literary genres in China are divided into four categories, namely, poetry, novel, prose and drama, and each literary genre is divided into several styles.
Poetry is one of the oldest literary genres, which is produced by labor and full of imagination. Full of emotion, harmonious phonology and beautiful language.
Poetry takes emotion as the direct object of expression, and poems expressing people's feelings are often deeply loved by the people and become immortal works. Formally, poetry includes metrical poetry, free verse, prose poetry and folk songs. As far as melody is concerned, there are two kinds of rhyming poems and blank poems; As for narrative poems and lyric poems, they are divided according to the content of performance.
The difference between poetry and music Poetry requires rhythm and emphasizes rhythm. The highest achievement of poetry was in the Tang Dynasty. Ci is a kind of poetic style with music, and its heyday was in the Song Dynasty. Qu is a popular harmony singing method with flexible syntax in Yuan Dynasty. Poetry classification 1. Lyrics and narrative poems are divided according to whether there is a complete story; 2. According to the content, it can be divided into pastoral poems, landscape poems, satirical poems, epic poems, pastoral poems, carols, elegies and philosophical poems. 3. According to the forms of expression, it can be divided into: ancient poems, modern poems, limerick poems, metrical poems, free poems, sonnets, prose poems, folk songs and so on.
"Ancient Poetry" in a broad sense refers to all poems written in ancient Chinese before the May 4th New Culture Movement. It is divided into two parts: ancient poetry and modern poetry.
The so-called "ancient" and "near" are terms of the Tang Dynasty. A kind of "metrical poem" was formed in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, people called it "modern poetry", so the poems before Tang Dynasty were called "ancient style".
Titles of ancient poems before Tang Dynasty. Not limited by the form of metrical form, it rhymes freely, with no definite sentence in the chapter, no definite word in the sentence, no definite tone in the word, long or short, and no flat and even antithesis.
Including the Book of Songs, Ancient Yuefu, Yuefu folk songs and four, five, six and seven miscellaneous poems written by scholars before the Six Dynasties, collectively referred to as "ancient poems". Quatrains, also known as quatrains, are a form of almost physical metrical poems. Five or seven words are all four sentences, and the rhyme is smooth and free.
As far as the classification of poetry is concerned, ancient quatrains can actually be regarded as ancient poems with free form. Modern Poetry Modern poetry sprouted in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and formed in the "metrical poetry" in the Tang Dynasty.
Its characteristics are: chapters have definite sentences, sentences have definite characters, characters have definite sounds, and there are certain rules in leveling, rhyming and antithesis. It includes three types: metrical poems, quatrains and alliteration.
New Poetry New Poetry is a new poetic style formed since the May 4th Movement. It breaks through the strict metrical constraints of classical poetry, absorbs the excellent traditions of China folk songs extensively on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign poems, and expresses people's thoughts, feelings, wishes and demands in refined vernacular language.
The characteristic of lyric poetry is to directly express the author's thoughts and feelings, thus reflecting social life and times. It doesn't have a complete story, even if it depicts typical things, it is to express ambition or send feelings.
Their wishes and feelings are directly or indirectly derived from life and related to a specific social background. Narrative Poetry Narrative poetry is characterized by narration. Compared with lyric poetry, narrative poetry has a relatively complete story and vivid characters.
However, its narrative is full of the poet's strong feelings and strong lyrical elements. Require narrative and lyricism to be integrated.
Reasoning poetry, in a broad sense, is included in lyric poetry, mainly by means of scenery description to explain profound philosophy. The characteristic of free verse is that it is not restricted by metrical rules, and its number of words and sentences depends entirely on the needs of lyric and narrative.
Use spoken English more, with a certain rhythm and similar rhyme, so that you can express your thoughts and feelings more freely. Metric poetry originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the Tang Dynasty.
Refers to poetry with strict format and rhythm. Its number of words, sentences, bars, levels and rhymes are strictly regulated. If changes are needed, they must be made according to certain rules.
Modern metrical poems are more free in form than the old ones, but they still emphasize metrical poems. A style of prose poetry.
Prose-style poetic style has poetic artistic conception and profound connotation of prose. Prose poems are short in length and exquisite in language, and often contain rich philosophy or thought-provoking things in limited space, which is thought-provoking and enlightening.
It has no fixed number of words per sentence. The whole is patchwork, not arranged in a row, showing a kind of uneven beauty. Although scattered in shape, it is full of poetry and painting.
Yuefu Poetry Yuefu Poetry is an ancient poem related to music, which was the most popular in the Han Dynasty. Yuefu poetry in Han Dynasty initiated magazine-style poetry and complete five-character poetry, with richer narrative content, which marked the new development of ancient narrative poetry in China.
Famous works include Mulberry on the Stranger, Peacock Flying Southeast, Mulan Poetry and so on. Poems by literati are poems created by some literati imitating folk songs, which are no longer folk songs. It can only be said that it is a poem written in the form of folk songs and belongs to literati poetry.
Folk songs Folk songs are edited by the masses after people recite poems orally. Xintianyou Xintianyou, also known as "Shuntian Tour", is a folk song form in northern Shaanxi.
Free and flexible form; Two sentences and one section can change rhyme; Multi-purpose comparison technology; The sentence is mainly seven words, flexible and changeable. Ci is a new metrical poem with musical singing.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, music introduced from the western regions gradually spread to the Han nationality.
3. What are the classic China cultural common sense?
The scholar's study is famous and interesting. Literati in China paid great attention to the naming of study, either by expressing their aspirations, encouraging themselves, expressing their feelings or expressing their aspirations.
Liu Yuxi-Zhuge Liang in the humble room-Yang Xiong in the thatched cottage-Lu You in the Xuanting-Pu Songling in the Laoxue Temple-Zhang Pu in the Liaozhai-Liu E in the Seventh Burning Room-Liang Qichao in the Remnant Room-Lu Xun in the Ice Room-Wen Yiduo in the Greenwood Bookstore-Why don't you go downstairs with Zhu Ziqing-You Xian Game Zhai Liu Yazi-Mei Lanfang in Tang Yuan-Feng Youban in the Meihua Poetry Society-Sansongtang Wang Li-
Four friends in Tang Dynasty: Du, Cui Rong, Li Qiao and Su Weidao. Four masters of regular script: Yan Zhenqing in Tang Dynasty, Liu Gongquan in Yuan Dynasty, Ou Yangxun and Zhao Mengfu? Four Great Calligraphers in Song Dynasty: Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Su Dongpo.
Four great writers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian. Four Bachelor's degrees in Su Men: Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei, Huang Wuxia and Qin Guan.
Four disciples of Cheng Men in Song Dynasty: Xie, You Zuo, Lu Dalin. Four Great Painters in Southern Song Dynasty: Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui? Four Great Poets in Southern Song Dynasty: Yang Wanli, Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Mao.
The four masters of Yuan Opera: Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu. Four Great Masters in Yuan Dynasty: Gold? Yu Ji, Liu Guan, Xie Junsi.
Huang, Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng are the four masters of landscape painting in Yuan Dynasty. The four great poets of Yuan Dynasty, Yang Zai and He Si.
Gao Qi, Zhang Yu, Xu Ben and Yang Ji, four outstanding people in Wuzhong in Yuan Dynasty. Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming and zhou wenbin were four great talents in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Zhishan, Tang Bohu, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing, "Four Scholars of Wuzhong" in Ming Dynasty. Wang Shimin, Wang, Wang Jian and Wang.
Fang Yizhi, Chen Zhenhui, Mao Xiang and Hou Fangyu, four poets in the early Qing Dynasty. Eight eccentrics in Yangzhou, Eight Eccentrics in Qinhuai and Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou refer to a group of eccentric painters who once sold paintings in Yangzhou during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods in Qing Dynasty.
Their painting styles were different from those of orthodox painters at that time, and their thoughts and behaviors were also different from those of customs at that time. They are: Li Yu, Zheng Xie, Jin Nong, Gao, Li, Huang Shen, Bian Shoumin, Wang, Gao Xiang, Chen Zhuan, Min Zhen, Li Mian? .
"Eight beauties near Qinhuai" are eight famous prostitutes living in Jinling ancient city in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The eight colors are: Bian Yujing, Chen Yuanyuan, Liu, Koubaimen, Li, and Dong Xiaowan.
Words are often the explanation and supplement of names. There is a certain relationship between names and characters: (1) Names and characters have the same meaning, and Qu Ping, a Warring States poet, is synonymous with the original word Ping and Yuan.
In the Three Kingdoms period, the generals Zhou Yu, Yu Yu and Jin Du were beautiful jade. One of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties is also synonymous with Zi Gu, Gong and Gu.
(2) Names and words have opposite meanings. The word "General", "Meng" and "Ming" in the Three Kingdoms period all had opposite meanings.
Zhu, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, has the opposite meaning. (3) Names and words are semantically related.
Li Yu, a drama theorist in the early Qing Dynasty, was named Li Hong, which means fisherman Dai Li. Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, is known as Ju Peng, and Dapeng is ready to fly.
(4) Names and characters are taken from classic books. Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms, the word Meng De, comes from Xunzi's book "Fu is called Moral Operation".
In ancient times, a word "zi" was added before the word "zi" to show respect for men, such as Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty. Use commendatory words such as "Yuan, Gong, De, Wen" to express respect or good name for men.
For example: Tao Yuanming, a bright figure; Zhou Yu, the word Gong Jin; Liu Bei, the word Xuande. "Your daughter" is often preceded by "surname".
Posthumous title posthumous title is a title given by the imperial court after the death of an ancient emperor, vassal and minister. (1) was praised by "Wu Wen Zhao Jing Xuanhui Yuanping Kang Ming"; (2) Criticize with the expression of "spirit and strength": Zhou Liwang was violent and suspicious in history, "defending the people's mouth is more important than defending Sichuan", so posthumous title is "strong"; (3) The king of Chu in Biographies of Qu Yuan was deceived by Zhang Yi and others many times and died in the State of Qin, expressing his pity by "comforting his grief".
Poor thing, so posthumous title got pregnant. (4) After the death of some prestigious scholars, their relatives and friends were also posthumously awarded titles, which is called personal imprisonment.
Notes? Posthumous title is usually given at the time of burial, but it is also given some time after death. For example, Zhou Shunchang in "Five Tomb Monuments" is "presented with beauty after death". When Zhou Shunchang died in Ming Xizong, posthumous title was posthumously granted by Emperor Chongzhen after he acceded to the throne.
Learning from the Academy, Ancient Chinese Opera, Top Ten Chinese Classical Tragedys and Comedies, and Dou Eyuan (zaju), written by Guan in Yuan Dynasty; Yuan zaju "Zhao Orphan", Ji Zhu; Zhongjing Banner (Legend), written by Feng Menglong in Ming Dynasty; Qing Zhongpu (Legend), written by Li Yu in Qing Dynasty; Biography of Confucius merchants in the early Qing Dynasty "Peach Blossom Fan" (legend); Autumn in Han Palace (Zaju), written by Ma Zhiyuan in Yuan Dynasty; At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Gao Zecheng's Pipa Story (Southern Opera); Jiao Hong Collection, written by Meng Chengshun in Ming Dynasty; The Palace of Eternal Life (legend), written by Hong Sheng in the early Qing Dynasty; Leifeng Pagoda (Legend) was made by Fang Chengpei in Qing Dynasty. Ten classic comedies "Save the Wind and Dust" (zaju), written by Guan Hanqing in Yuan Dynasty; Yuan Zaju "The West Chamber", by Wang Shifu; .
4. Common sense of literature and culture
1. Women and men. Metaphor weapons, jade, silk, turn war into jade 3. Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Meng Jiangnv, Liang Zhu and Legend of White Snake 4. Truth, grass, official and seal 5. "Wind" refers to the "national wind" in the Book of Songs. "Sao" refers to "Li Sao" in Chu Liang Ci. 6. Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast. 7. Linjiang Elk, Qianmao Donkey and Yongjia Mouse. 8. Sanyan, Yu Shimingyan, Shi Jing Tong Yan, wake up the world, take two shots of helium to protect the cat from being dirty by shoes, the first moment is a surprise, and the second moment is a surprise. Three officials: Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official, Tongguan official: newly married, homeless, resigned, 10. Autumn Harvest and Dong Can 13. A Dream of Red Mansions 14. Yuan (Guan Hanqing), Han Gongqiu (Ma Zhiyuan), Yu (Baipu), Zhao's orphan (season). Liu Zongyuan; Xiaoshitang dried up.
The landlord adds points! ! .
5. Literary interest knowledge: anecdotes of celebrities in ancient and modern literary circles
Good friends often sing together.
Open Bai Juyi's and Yuan Zhen's poems, and you can see the poems of duet and answer almost everywhere. Bai Juyi's "Nine Books with the Same Yuan" said: "The first step is the general principle, supplemented by poetry, and the poor are encouraged by poetry. If you live in a house, you will get the comfort of poetry, and in the same place, you will get the entertainment of poetry. " The friendship between them has long been a much-told story. In the spring of 8 15, Yuan Zhen was demoted to Tongzhou Sima, and Bai Juyi sent Yuan Zhen's poem: "In Puchi Village, I bid farewell in a hurry, and I went back to Lishui Bridge; After walking to the gate, I woke up with a hangover and a heavy heart. " A few months later, Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. After Yuan Zhen heard the news, he also wrote a poem: "The residual lamp has no flame shadow. I heard that you called Jiujiang this evening; Sitting up in a dying illness, the dark wind blew the rain into the cold window. "Deep feelings beyond words. They respect each other and love their friends' poems very much. When Bai Juyi was in Jiangzhou, he wrote Yuan Zhen's poems on the screen and recited them day and night. When Yuan Zhen was in Langzhou, he personally wrote Bai Juyi's poems on the wall of the West Temple. Bai Juyi has a poem about this matter: "Jun writes my poems all over the temple wall, and I write your sentences all over the screen;" "When I met you, I knew where the duckweed with two leaves was in the sea." They learned from each other and influenced each other, forming a natural and fluent style, which was unique in the history of Tang Dynasty and even China's poetry. Although their achievements and styles are different, they are even called "Bai Yuan" in the history of China literature. But it makes sense. Original: Wang Yizao "Ancient and Modern China and Foreign Countries".