Cheng Zi was named by his father and elders when he was a child, but he took this word when he was an adult (male 20 years old, female 15 years old), and this word has a meaningful connection with his name. Chinese characters are for the convenience of others, courtesy and respect for peers or elders. Such as Qu Ping, Sima Qian, Tao Yuanming, Li Bai, Du Fu, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Yong Shu, Sima Junshi, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Shen Dehong, Yan Bing and Lu Xun.
Book names are also called alias numbers and table numbers. The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a number is that the former is decided by the father or elder, while the latter is decided by himself. Number, generally only used to claim to express some interest or express some emotion; The address of a person is also a kind of honorific title. Such as: Mr. Wu Liu, Li Bai's Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu's Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi's Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin's Yuxi Sheng, He's self-proclaimed Siming Fancy in his later years, Ouyang Xiu's Drunk, Liu Yi Jushi in his later years and Wang Anshi's Mid-Levels in his later years.
In ancient posthumous title, after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes, they were called posthumous title. For example, Tao Yuanming's name is Jing Shi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Gong, Wang Ao is Su Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong Gong. Calling Qin Gui a traitor is a kind of "evil death".
Calling a vegetarian name means calling it by a vegetarian name or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Zhai Wei, and people called him Yang. Yao Nai is called Mr. Bao and Mr. Bao because of his name. Another example is Pu Songling's name is Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao's name is the owner of the icehouse, and Tan Sitong's name is Tan Zhuangfei (his fasting name is Zhuangfei Building).
Birthplace is named after a person's birthplace. For example, Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang. Zhang Jiuling is from Qujiang, so he is called Zhang Qujiang. Liu Zongyuan is a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he is called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, so people called him King Linchuan. Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in the Ming Dynasty, was named Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi). Gu, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, was born in Kunshan Town, Jiangsu Province, and was called Gu. Kang Youwei is a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Nanhai; Yuan Shikai, the leader of Beiyang warlord, is called Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). There is a famous couplet full of irony in the late Qing Dynasty: "Hefei, the prime minister, is thinner than the world, and Changshu, the farmer, is barren." The first couplet "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and the second couplet "Changshu" refers to Weng Tonghe who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu.
Although Han Yu, known as the king of the county, was born in Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", because the Han surname of Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was an aristocratic family in the Tang Dynasty, so the world called him Han Changli. For another example, Su Shi was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes called himself "Su Shi in Zhao County" and "Su Zhao County" because Su Shi was a noble family in Zhao County.
Official names are named after people's official names, such as "Sun Qiulu is smart and kind", and "Sun Qiulu" is Sun Quan, named after he was awarded the official position of General Lu. In Meihualing, there are some sentences, such as "coming from the north" and "Yan Taishi uses his troops wisely, and Wen Shaobao uses his troops to make a bright future". Running is Hong Chengchou's official position, a surname is the provincial name of Yan Zhenqing's official position, and Shaobao is Wen Tianxiang's official position. "Book with Wife": "Sima Chun shirt, you can't learn too much." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was once a Sima in Jiangzhou. It was quite common to use official names as titles of people in ancient times, such as calling Jia Yi Jia Taifu; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", used to be a captain of the infantry and was called Ruan Infantry in the world. Ji Kang once worshipped Zhong Sanyi, who was known as Zhong Sanyi in the world. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a general of the right army, and people still call him Wang Youjun. Wang Wei, formerly known as Shangshu Youcheng, was called Wang Youcheng. Du Fu is called the left scavenger, and he is also called Du Gongbu, because he is a foreign minister. Liu Yuxi used to be a guest of honor of the prince and was called Liu Ke. Liu Yong was the foreign minister of wasteland, known as Liu wasteland; Su Shi was once a bachelor of Hanlin in Duanmingtang, and was called Su.
The titles (grades) conferred by ancient emperors on aristocratic achievements: Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi and Male (grade 5). In "Exercising Festivals to Show Fitness", "In modern times, it was crowned as a luxury", and the title of Kou Zhun was Lai Gong, and Lai Gong was the title of the province. In Meihualing, Duoduo was named Prince Yu by the Qing Dynasty. In the biography of Liu Jingting, "Ningnan goes south, Anhui Shuai wants to marry Ningnan and pay tribute to the shogunate Zhongting". Ningnan was the provincial name of Zuo Liangyu in the late Ming Dynasty. For example, Zhuge Liang was once conferred the title of marquis of Wu, so later generations are commensurate with marquis of Wu; Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, attacked the title of Xie Xuan, his ancestor, and he thanked him in the past. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, it was named Zheng Guogong, so it was called Wei in the world. Guo Ziyi, a famous soldier, was named Guo Ziyi and called "Guo Fenyang" for putting down the Anshi Rebellion. Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher, was named Duke of Henan, known as Chu Henan in the world; In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi was named King Gong Jing. Sima Guang was once named the Duke of Wen, and the world called Sima Wengong. In the early Ming Dynasty, Liu Ji, the minister of Zhu Yuanzhang, was knighted with sincerity, and people were commensurate with sincerity.
Official land refers to the place name of official land. Such as "Battle of Red Cliffs": "What does Yuzhou want now?" Because Liu Bei used to be the secretariat of Yuzhou, he called it an official place. Another example is Jia Yi, who was once dismissed as Teacher Wang of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world. Kong Rong, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", was once a Beihai phase, known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze County, and was known as Tao Pengze in the world. Luo was once the magistrate of Linhai County, and was known as Luo Linhai in the world. Cen Can used to be a secretariat, known as CenJiaZhou; Wei was once the secretariat of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in history; Liu Zongyuan used to be the secretariat of Liuzhou, known as Liu Liuzhou in the world; Jia Dao used to be the master book of Changjiang County, known as Jia Changjiang in the world, and his poetry collection was called Changjiang Collection.
Also known as "four people, Lu Zhi, the father of Changle Wang, the father of Yu, and the father of An Shangchun", the first two people are also called native place, name and character, and the last two people write the relationship with the author first, then the name and character; "Five Tomb Monuments" "The wise men are Wu Gong, the Taishi Wen Qi Wengong and Meng Changyao Yegong", the first two are called official positions, characters and surnames, and the last one is called characters and surnames; Meihualing is called official posthumous title, also known as surname, official position and first name. "Sheng Zhi" is called "official position, native place and honorific title".
Modesty (1) expresses a modest attitude and is used to claim. Fool, modestly calling himself not smart. Despicable and modest, claiming to have little knowledge. We humbly call ourselves or our things bad. Humble, call yourself humble. Stealing means privately, privately, and it often means bold and abrupt when used. I humbly declare that I am not as tall as the other person. Servant, humbly calling himself the servant of the other party, uses it to mean serving the other party. (2) The ancient emperors' words of self-modesty included loneliness (the king of a small country), widowhood (the person without virtue) and ingratitude (bad). (3) The words of self-modesty of ancient officials are Xiaguan, Last Guan and Xuli. (4) Scholars' words of self-modesty include: young, late in life, late in learning, etc. , indicating that they are new learners; If you are modest, unworthy and unworthy, it means that you have no talent, or your talent is mediocre. (5) When addressing relatives and friends, the ancients often used modest words such as "home" and "shed". "Home" is a modest word used to address a person's elders or older relatives, such as my father, mother and brother. "Sheshe" is used to humble one's home or one's relative. The former is like my humble abode, while the latter is like my brother, sister and nephew. (6) Other self-deprecating words are: because the elders were above when the ancients sat at the table, the younger generation or people with low status were humble; Small is the modesty of people with a certain status, indicating that they are ordinary and insignificant; Boys are the opinions of children's younger generations on their fathers and brothers; Old people use old people, old people, old people, old people like me, and so on. When they are modest; Women call themselves concubines; The old monk calls himself an old woman; Call your monarch a widowed monarch in other countries.
Address is a polite attitude, also called "honorific". (1) The honorific words for the emperor are Long Live, Holy, Sacred Driving, Son of Heaven, Your Majesty, etc. Driving, this refers to the emperor's car driving. The ancients thought that the emperor should ride a car to run around the world, so he called the emperor "driving". Ancient emperors thought that their political power was determined by heaven, so they called the emperor the son of heaven. Ancient courtiers were afraid to go directly to see the emperor, so they told the people under the palace (the steps of the palace) to convey their meaning, so they used your majesty as the emperor. (2) The honorific title for Crown Prince and Prince is Your Highness. (3) The general is regarded as a subordinate. (4) honorific words for people with certain status: address the envoys under festivals; People with certain social status, such as Sangong, County Chief, etc., are called Your Excellency, and now they are mostly used in diplomatic occasions, such as Your Excellency the Ambassador. (5) Respect for each other or their relatives is order, respect and virtue. Ling, which means beautiful, is used to address relatives of the other party, such as your father (the other party's father), your mother (the other party's mother), your location (the other party's wife), your brother (the other party's brother), your son (the other party's son) and your lover (the other party's daughter). Honorific terms are used to refer to people or things related to the other party, such as respecting the Shang (called the other party's parents), respecting the public, respecting the monarch, respecting the father (called the other party's father), respecting the Tang (called the other party's mother), respecting the Qin (called the other party's relatives), respecting the driver (called the other party), honorific terms (instructed by the other party) and honorific terms (called the other party's meaning). Xian, used to address peers or younger generations, such as Xian Jia (called the other party), Xian Lang (called the other party's son) and (called the other party's brother). Benevolence, meaning love, is widely used. For example, friends who are longer than themselves in their peers are applauded, and those with high status are called benevolent people. (6) Call the old man a husband and father-in-law, such as "self-study and self-study, and you will meet your father-in-law" (The Analects of Confucius). After the Tang Dynasty, husbands and husbands specifically refer to wives and fathers, also known as Mount Tai, and wives and mothers refer to husbands and mothers or Tai Shui. (7) adding "xian" before the title indicates death, which is used to address people with high status or older people. For example, the dead emperor is called the first emperor, the dead father is called the first test or father, the dead mother is called the first kind or sage, and the dead talented and virtuous people are called sages. Adding "Tai" or "Da" before the title indicates another generation, such as calling the emperor's mother the queen mother, grandfather the great (great) father and grandmother the great (great) mother. After the Tang Dynasty, the dead emperors were often called temple names, such as Emperor Taizong, Emperor Xuanzong, Song Taizu, Song Renzong, Yuan Shizu and Ming Taizu. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, emperors were also called by titles, such as Zhu Yuanzhang's Hongwu Emperor, Zhu Youjian's Chongzhen Emperor, Michelle Ye's Kangxi Emperor and Li Hong's Qianlong Emperor. (8) The honorifics for elders and peers include monarch, son, male, first step, master, gentleman, adult, etc. (9) Your address to your minister is Qing or Ai Qing. (10) Use "saints" to show respect for people with noble moral character and superior wisdom, such as Confucius as a saint and Mencius as a son. Later, "saint" was mostly used for emperors, such as saints and holy drivers.
Nicknames indicate contempt and scolding. For example, Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin: "Those who don't look back now stand up straight." "Mao Sui recommended himself": "Tian Lei, Xiao Shu Er." "The Hongmen Banquet": "Even if there are shortcomings!" Peacock flies southeast: "A boy is fearless, how dare he help a woman!" " "
There are four special titles:
(1) person's title. The common ones are Buyi, Shoushou, Limin, Sheng Min, Suburb, Pear Tree, Cangsheng, Pear Garden and Mangzhong.
(2) professional name. For some people who take skills as their profession, a word indicating occupation is often added before their names, so that people can know their professional identity at a glance. For example, in Street Cow, "Ding" is a person's name, and "Dong" is a chef, indicating occupation. Heshi in Shi Shuo and Biography of Jianggan Heroes all mean musicians and indicate their occupation. The "dream" in Liu Jingting's Biography refers to an artist named "dream". "You", also known as a performer or actor, was used in ancient times to refer to an artist who took music and dance as his profession, and later called a traditional opera actor.
(3) Appellations between different friends. The friends you make when you are poor and in a low position are called "poor friends"; Friends who are friendly and close as brothers are called "the turn of Jin Lan"; Friends who share weal and woe are called "embarrassed friends"; Friends formed when encountering hardships are called "friends in need"; Friends with similar interests and deep friendship are called "friends who don't look back"; A good friend of the opposite sex who grew up together is called "friendship of bamboo and horses"; Friends who associate as civilians are called "friends of cloth"; Friends of different generations and ages are called "forgetting to make friends"; Friends who don't care about their identity or appearance are called "forgetful friends"; Friends who don't change their deep friendship because of the change of nobility and inferiority are called "car hats"; Friends who support each other morally are called "friends of gentlemen"; Friends who are like-minded and know each other well are called "friends who have never met before" ("friends who have never met before").
(4) the title of age. The age of ancient people is sometimes not expressed by numbers, not by telling someone's age or age directly, but by an age-related title instead. Stripes are children aged three or four to eight or nine (stripes, short hair hanging down from the heads of ancient children). The total angle is a teenager between the ages of eight or nine and thirteen or fourteen (ancient children divided their hair into left and right halves and tied it in a knot at the top of their heads, which is shaped like two horns, so it is called "total angle"). Cardamom is thirteen or fourteen years old to fifteen or sixteen years old (Cardamom is a plant that blooms in early summer, but not yet in midsummer, which means that people are still underage, so it is called "cardamom youth"). Hair was tied when a man was fifteen (when he was fifteen, a man would dissolve the original corner and tie it into a bundle). The weak crown is a man of twenty years old (the ancient man was crowned at the age of twenty, indicating that he had reached adulthood, so he was called "weak crown" because he had not yet reached the prime of life). Li is a thirty-year-old man. Not confused is that the man is forty (not confused, "not confused, not confused"). Know life is a 50-year-old man (know life, meaning "knowing destiny"). This flower is sixty years old. Gu Xi is seventy years old. Mao and die mean eighty or ninety years old. Period refers to one hundred years old.
The princess has no special name. My Palace is the name of the TV series.