Jieshi Diao Youlan
The oldest guqin music score in my country is "Jieshi Diao·Youlan" which was passed down by Qiu Ming in the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. "Jieshi Tune·Youlan" is said to be a guqin piece passed down by Qiu Ming, a qin player from the Liang Dynasty. The tune is beautiful and euphemistic. It is said to be a guqin piece passed down by Qiu Ming, a qin player from the Liang Dynasty. The melody of the song is clear and graceful. The original extant musical notation is a handwritten musical notation written by the Tang Dynasty, which is stored in the Shinto Temple in Nishigamo, Kyoto, Japan. It still maintains the writing method of early written notation.
At the end of the 19th century, Mr. Yang Shoujing discovered this qin music while visiting Japan for ancient times. The full score records the piano music through detailed text descriptions of the piano playing techniques, such as the fingering of the left and right hands, string sequences, emblem positions, etc. The whole piece of music has a slow tempo and not strong intensity. It expresses the elegance, simplicity, tranquility and remoteness of the orchid in the empty valley, and expresses the depressed and sad mood.
The whole song "Jieshi Tune·Orchid" is divided into four sections: the first section is the introduction, with a deep melody, a depressive feeling, and a freer beat; the remaining three sections are the theme of the music: the first section The second and third paragraphs adopt a musical melody with alternating overtones and fret notes. There are great changes and contrasts in timbre, reflecting the author's inner feelings. Most of the music in the fourth section is played with clear overtones, and the mood is bright, symbolizing the coming light, expressing that the author sees a future full of hope through the character of Orchid.
The original copy of this genealogy is hidden in Japan. Yang Shoujing, a scholar of the late Qing Dynasty, discovered the Baosutang copy of this genealogy while visiting Japan for ancient books from 1880 to 1884. It was later copied by Li Shuchang, the minister in Japan at the time, and included in his edition. It was published in the "Gu Yi Series" in the 10th year of Guangxu (1884).
The score of "Jieshi Diao·Youlan" included in the "Collection of Qinqu" is a photocopy of a photo donated by Nishigamo Shinkoinin in Kyoto, Japan. It is actually a copy of "Gu Yiben" Mother parent. There are 4954 Chinese characters in the full score. The music is recorded through detailed text descriptions of the playing techniques of the music, such as the fingering of the left and right hands, string sequences, emblem positions, etc.
(Like two sentences in the Chinese notation: "The upper ten and a half inches of the middle finger of the middle finger hold the merchant, and the index finger and the middle finger both hold the palace merchant." In the subtractive notation, only one symbol is needed):
It can be seen from the preface of the score that the existing "Jieshi Diao·Youlan" was passed down to Wang Shuming by Qiu Ming (493-590), a native of Kuaiji in Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, before his death. It is believed to be an old tune from the Six Dynasties. Qiu Ming was a hermit in the late Liang Dynasty, hiding in Jiuyi Mountain. He died in Danyang County in the tenth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (590) at the age of 97. He was good at playing the piano, and his song "Orchid" was particularly exquisite. He also "had great ambitions with his low voice, but could not teach others". However, judging from the handwriting and fingering of this manuscript, it is suspected that it was transcribed in the early Tang Dynasty. Yang Shoujing pointed out in "Jingji Visiting Ancient Records" that the shadow manuscript produced by Baosutang "has strong calligraphy and flying characters. It is judged to be an authentic work by Li Tang."
After this score was published in China, Yang Zongji, a qin master in the capital, conducted pioneering research and notation on this score from 1911 to 1914, and published "Youlan's Ancient Fingering Method" and "Youlan's Reduction of Characters" "Music Spectrum" and "Youlan Five Elements Spectrum". By the 1950s, senior qin players such as Guan Pinghu, Yao Bingyan, Xu Lisan, and Wu Zhenping had notated the music "Jieshi Diao·Youlan" and conducted in-depth research on it.
The tune of "Jieshi Tune" has a very early origin, and it is generally believed that it was performed as dance music in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. As early as the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao wrote the poem "Stepping out of Xiamen" in his Qing Shang music. "Book of Southern Qi·Yue Zhi" says: "The Jieshi Diao chapter was written by Emperor Wu of the Wei Dynasty. It was regarded as "Jieshi Dance Song" in Jin Dynasty, and the song has four chapters." The score of "Jieshi Diao·Youlan" that has been preserved today is also divided into four beats, which are consistent with The composition structure of "Four Chapters of His Song" is consistent.
"Youlan" was the earliest famous song in "Chu Tune". Xie Huilian, a poet of the Southern Dynasties, recorded in his "Snow Fu" that "Chu ballads were composed of "Youlan" Liqu." It was later adapted into Chinese music, Chinese music, and music, and many literati also wrote poems to describe it. For example, Lu Ji of the Jin Dynasty's "Sunrise Journey to the Southeast Corner" said: "The tragic song spits out the voiceless sound, and the elegant rhyme plays "Youlan"." Lu Xi of the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Two Poems Satirizing Zhen Ding Gong" Chinese and Japanese: "What tune does the piano play?" "Youlan" and "White Snow". "Liang Dynasty Liu Yun's "Daoyi Shi" said: "Qingzhu played "Youlan".
Sima Xiangru's "Ode to Beauty" of the Han Dynasty also mentioned: "The string playing is composed of "Orchid" and "White Snow". "It can be seen that the Qin music "Youlan" was already a very famous Qin music during the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.