We live in a fast-paced era, and we are devouring all kinds of cultural fast food. Especially after work, we have no time to chew our own cultural food. How can we survive in this fast-paced era? Keeping your own pace and reading effectively are issues we need to pay attention to. I am here to introduce to you how to study effectively.
The most effective way to read books
1. Pay attention to the logical structure of the book.
You can first separate the main line by looking at the catalog, use the tool of mind mapping, and slowly wrap it with details to form an effective context in your mind, so that you have a clear idea.
2. Make a mark.
Don’t be afraid of getting the book dirty. Take notes in the book as much as possible. You can use a highlighter to underline classic sentences, paragraphs, key points, etc. You can also use a red pen to write your thoughts, insights and inspirations next to the paragraph.
3. Review the past and learn the new.
Review all the time, don’t trust your memory too much, memory can sometimes deceive you, so review often to strengthen your memory. In addition, you can also gain new understanding and insights into old knowledge through the accumulation of knowledge. If things go on like this, the book will only become thinner and thinner.
4. Discuss more.
You can find a few close friends to read a book together, and get together to discuss after reading. This can not only generate sparks of thinking, make our reading more effective, but also enhance each other's feelings. , kill two birds with one stone and kill two birds with one stone.
5. Write down your thoughts after reading.
After reading a book, if you read it into it, you will definitely have thousands of thoughts and emotions, which can be woven into words and let you express yourself to your heart's content. Reading will also become more effective.
6. Build PPT.
As a way of testing, making a simple PPT to prove that you have read in is also a proof of making reading more effective.
Introduction to effective methods of modern reading
Circular reading method
Reading must be a cycle, otherwise it is equivalent to reading in vain. Many people feel that they have read a lot of books but have learned nothing, because there is no reading cycle.
The meaning of the cycle is: after reading the book, you must share what you learned from the book. Sharing is the best way to learn; but sharing is not enough, you must Apply it, and the knowledge that cannot be applied is useless knowledge, and it is knowledge that you will inevitably forget after a while; but application alone is not enough, you must learn to summarize, confirm, and improve. In other words, go back to reading. link.
With such a reading cycle, you can truly read the book to life. You will find reading very interesting. Because of reading, you will have endless things to talk about with your friends; because of reading, your friends will feel that you have something new every day. Even if you do the same thing, you'll find more and better ways every day. This kind of reading cycle is a system with positive feedback: each time you read, you will have a deeper understanding, and each time you apply, you will be more proficient than the last time. This is a spiral process, which can make reading more and more interesting, useful and effective for you.
02 Wave Gradual Method
Read one book at a time, but do not insist on finishing it in one go. Read it again after a period of time, and you may feel the sense of reading in places that were previously boring. Robinson of the University of Iowa in the United States proposed a SQ3R reading method that emphasizes step-by-step. The first letters of the five English words Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review stand for "browse, question, read, retell, review" respectively. Five a learning stage. Mao Zedong read "Selected Works of Zhaoming". He read it when he was in school, read it in the 1950s, read it in the 1960s, and read it several times in the 1970s. He read "History of the United Communist Party" and Li Da's "Outline of Sociology" ten times each. A "Dream of Red Mansions", when young people read it, they only see "love in lingering, love in pathos". When you read it at an old age, you will be able to read "paper full of nonsense and ridiculous words, and a handful of bitter tears". You may wish to adopt this method when you don't have enough time, or when you are reading some difficult tome.
There are also some people who feel sleepy and unable to concentrate as soon as they read, so they should read in sections. Most people are most attentive within half an hour, so we can use this half hour to read more than 10,000 words at a time.
03 Word Sentence Consideration
Read each word carefully. Good works have a large amount of information and high gold content, just like good beef jerky, with very little water content and the essence of each sentence. If you read large sections quickly, you will inevitably suffer from indigestion. So you have to think about it while reading. Confucius said: "Learning without thinking will lead to waste; thinking without learning will lead to peril." ?Mencius also said: ?The organ of the heart is thinking. If you think, you will get it. If you don't think, you will not get it. Qin Mu, a master of prose, first reads the book in general, and then chews it like a cow eating grass and chewing its cud, carefully studying and tasting it. My experience is: those who read with their eyes can only see, and those who read with their hearts can gain insights. The method of weighing words and sentences is suitable for reading classics. For example, read "The Analects of Confucius", "Tao Te Ching", "Meditations", etc. The longer you chew, the more delicious it becomes. It can also be used to deepen your understanding of the core content and highlights of the book.
04 Thorough reading + intensive reading + notes
Read it through for the first time and take 10 minutes to see if it is a book written with care.
Judging from the content of books on the market now, only 10% of them are worth reading. There are too many bad books these days, and 90% of them are not written with care at a glance.
Second intensive reading + notes.
If you can still read it after 10 minutes, congratulations, at least this book is not too bad. At the same time, you must learn to take notes. You can take more or less notes. For ordinary books, just write down a few inspiring points. For particularly good books, make a mind map from beginning to end to add insights. It is best to share it with your friends after reading it. , further deepening the impression.
05 The 4S reading methods commonly used in academia
The 4S reading methods commonly used in academia refer to: Surveying, Skimming, Scanning, and Studying (Studying) Four kinds.
1. Surveying
Before you officially read the book, you can quickly browse and get a preliminary understanding of the main content of the book. Browsing will help you understand the organizational form of reading materials, determine the best way to read, organize your thinking process quickly and efficiently, and complete your reading goals.
2. Skimming
When you do not have enough time, enough interest, or there is no need to read certain materials carefully, you read at a very fast speed. And omit some content to get the gist of the article and the content you need. Usually a lot of skimming on a certain topic is much better than reading one or two books in detail, and can help you gain more knowledge in a short period of time.
If it is an article of four or five thousand words, readers should read the entire first paragraph or two paragraphs as quickly as possible in order to understand the overall background of the article. Then quickly scan the first and last sentences or first few lines of each paragraph, since the topic sentence is usually at the beginning and end of the paragraph. Many sentences can be omitted in the following paragraphs. The last paragraph usually contains a summary of the full text, which must be read in full. Skimming is roughly more than twice the normal speed, but the comprehension rate is lower because the purpose of skimming is to obtain the topic of the article as quickly as possible.
3. Scanning
Mainly used to find certain information from materials without reading all of them. Such as searching for TV programs in the newspaper, searching the telephone directory, and looking up new words in the dictionary. The purpose of reading is to quickly and accurately find materials and information. You should memorize the prompt words in your mind to avoid the interference of irrelevant words and thoughts. Once you find it, it’s time to read it carefully.
In order to save time, readers must be familiar with the order of the materials. Some are arranged alphabetically, like dictionaries and indexes; some are arranged logically, such as program lists and historical materials in chronological order.
4. Studying (Studying)
German Max Planck said: Reading without thinking is equivalent to eating without digesting. ?When it is necessary to evaluate a work, or to absorb the viewpoints and theories of the full text, careful and critical reading should be carried out. When you study, you must be careful. Sometimes you need to stop to reread or think, memorize, and understand the meaning behind the words so that you can fully understand the material.
Rereading should be done at speed reading speed.