1, author profile
Shi Naian (about 1296— about 1370), formerly known as Yanduan, whose real name was Zhao Rui, was nicknamed Zi 'an and posthumous title Naian. Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, a native of Suzhou, the son of Zhou people, was born in Xinduo Town, Xinghua. /kloc-entered the private school at the age of 0/3,/kloc-Jinshi at the age of 0/9, Jinshi at the age of 29 and Jinshi at the age of 36.
Between the ages of 36 and 40, I worked as an official in Qiantang for two years, but later I didn't agree with the current situation and returned to Suzhou. Zheng Zheng was 60 years old in the 16th year (1356), and Zhang Shicheng was recruited by Sue. He befriended Bian and Zhang Shicheng, and then moved to Jiangyin to teach in Zhutang Town.
7/kloc-moved to Xinghua at the age of 0 or 72, and moved to Baijuchang and Shijiaqiao. Zhu Yuanzhang repeatedly refused to levy; Finally, I lived in Huai 'an at the age of 74. This book is Water Margin, one of the four classical novels.
2, the main characters
(1), Song Jiang
Song Jiang (1073~ 1 124), the word Gong, alias Hu, timely rain, xiaoyi Heilang, is a character in the classic Water Margin.
He is a native of Yasi, Yuncheng County, Shandong Province. He is short and dark-faced, and he is the leader of Liangshan Rebel Army. He firmly took the first place in Liangshan Park among 108 generals, and was the top star on the first day of the thirty-six highest day.
My concubine, Yan Poxi, was caught by me because I set classical people free, killed Yan Poxi and fled overnight. During this period, she made many heroes and went to Liangshan. He led the troops to conquer Zhujiazhuang and Gaotangzhou.
After his death, Chao Gai succeeded the three castellans in Liangshan, advocated and accepted the favor of the imperial court, and defected to Liao, Wang Qing and Fang La. One after another, he made meritorious military service repeatedly, and was named Doctor Wude, the envoy of Chuzhou, and was finally killed by Gao Qiu and other treacherous court officials.
(2) Li Kui jy
Li Kui jy is an important figure in China's classical novel The Water Margin. He was born thick and dark, and was nicknamed "Black Cyclone". Yishui County, Yizhou (now Yishui County, Linyi City, Shandong Province) is a native of Baizhang Village. Because he killed someone, he escaped and was pardoned, and Daizong stayed in Jiangzhou as a prison.
In order to save Song Jiang and Dai Zhong from robbing the ceremony, Li Kui jy took all the people to make a scene in Jiangzhou and went to Liangshan behind his mother's back. Later, because his mother was injured by a tiger in Yiling, Li Kui jy angrily killed a nest of four tigers.
Li Kui jy brawn, good at using an axe, ranks 22nd in Liangshan, and is the leader of the Fifth Army in Liangshan.
After Liangshan joined the army, the army conquered Liao, Wang Qing and Fang La. After the war, it was designated as the capital of Zhenjiang Runzhou. Because Sung River was poisoned by poisoned wine sent by treacherous court officials such as Gao Qiu, he was worried that Li Kui jy would rise up again to rebel for revenge, so he let Li Kui jy drink the poisoned wine, and Li Kui jy died later.
Second, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1, author profile
Luo Guanzhong (about 1330—— about 1400), a famous book with words in the middle, was a novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty and the author of the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
He is a native of Taiyuan Prefecture in Bingzhou, Shanxi Province. His other major works are novels: Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Romance of Tang and Five Dynasties, Biography of Three Demons in Suiping and Water Margin.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (hereinafter referred to as Romance of the Three Kingdoms) is Luo Guanzhong's representative work, which has a far-reaching influence on later literary creation. In addition to novel creation, there is also a drama "Song Taizu Dragon and Tiger Club".
2, the main characters
1. Cao Cao
Cao Cao (155-0315,220) was born in Mengde, a lucky man and a small character, Asan, from Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher, and the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms.
Cao Cao served as the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty and later named Wang Wei, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei. After his death, posthumous title became King Wu. After his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Mao.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao and Han Sui at home, surrendered the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad, and unified northern China.
And implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, expand land reclamation, build water conservancy projects, reward farmers and admire mulberry, attach importance to handicrafts, resettle refugees, and implement "rent modulation", thus making the Central Plains society gradually stable and the economy turn around.
Under Cao Cao's rule, the politics of the Yellow River valley gradually became clear, the economy gradually recovered, the class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere improved. Some measures taken by Cao Cao in the name of Han have positive effects.
② Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8) was born in Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province) and was an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor during the Three Kingdoms period.
In his early years, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Xiangyang. After Liu Bei arrived at the thatched cottage, Zhuge Liang was invited to come out, but Sun Lian resisted Cao and was defeated by Battle of Red Cliffs. Formed the trend of the Three Kingdoms and captured Jingzhou.
In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs.
Liu Chan, the ruler in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was made the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd. Diligent and prudent, big and small political affairs must be personally done, and rewards and punishments are strict; Make an alliance with Wu Dong to improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China; Carry out the reclamation policy and strengthen combat readiness.
Most of the six northern expeditions to the Central Plains were based on grain. Eventually, due to overwork, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the twelfth year of Jianxing in Shu at the age of 54.
Liu Chan made him a loyal minister, and later generations often called him Zhuge Liang by Wuhou. Because of his military ability, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing.
Third, A Dream of Red Mansions.
1, author profile
Cao Xueqin (about1765438+May 28, 2005-about1February 763 12), whose real name is Zhan, real name, real name and Qin Pu, is the author of a dream of red mansions.
Cao Xueqin's ancestral home is Tieling, Liaoning, and he was born in Jiangning (now Nanjing). He was born in Zhengbaiqi Paint Family in Qing Dynasty. He is the grandson of Cao Yin and the son of Cao Qing (the son of Cao Fu).
Cao Xueqin experienced a luxurious and romantic life in Nanjing Jiangning Weaving Institute in his early years. Great-grandfather Cao was appointed Jiangning Weaving; Great-grandmother Sun Shi was the nanny of Emperor Kangxi.
Grandfather Cao Yin was the squad leader and bodyguard of Emperor Kangxi. Later, he was appointed as Jiangning Weaving, and also served as the inspection station of Huaihe Salt Affairs, which was very popular with Kangxi. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), the Cao family was robbed of their property because of a deficit, and Cao Xueqin moved back to his former residence in Beijing with his family.
Later, he moved to the western suburbs of Beijing and made a living by selling calligraphy and painting and helping his friends. Since then, the Cao family has been devastated and declining. After a major turning point in his life, Cao Xueqin felt that the world was cold and had a clearer and deeper understanding of feudal society.
He despised powerful people, stayed away from officialdom and lived a poor and hard life. Cao Xueqin has an open mind and a wide range of hobbies. He has studied epigraphy, poetry, painting, gardening, Chinese medicine, darning, craft and diet.
With perseverance and years of hardships, he finally created a great work with great ideological and artistic quality-A Dream of Red Mansions. In his later years, Cao Xueqin moved to the western suburbs of Beijing. Life is even poorer, "covered with wormwood" and "the whole family often drinks porridge on credit".
In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), his youngest son died prematurely, and he fell into excessive sadness and grief and was bedridden. In the 28th year of Qianlong (1763), he died of poverty on New Year's Eve (12 February).
There are other accounts about the year of Cao Xueqin's death, such as New Year's Eve in the 29th year of Qianlong (1764 February 1) and early spring in Shen Jia (1764).
2, the main characters
1. Jia Baoyu
Jia Baoyu is the protagonist in China's classic Dream of Red Mansions. In a previous life, he was really the second son of Jia Zheng and Mrs. Wang, and the waiter of Chixia Palace.
Born with the title of psychic Baoyu, he is the grandson of Jia Fuyu, so he was named Jia Baoyu, and Jia Fu is known as Master Bao. He is the only male resident of Daguanyuan's daughter country.
Jia Baoyu was deeply loved by Grandmother Jia since he was a child. He wandered around the gentle and wealthy countryside, devoted himself to raising powder and getting close to his sisters and maids at home. He and Lin Daiyu were childhood friends, became bosom friends and developed into a rare pure love in the world.
He valued affection over ceremony and made friends with Qin Zhong, Liu Xianglian, King Jing and other sentient beings. He likes temperament literature such as poetry, music, and fu, and hates four books and eight essays and critical Neo-Confucianism, calling those feudal literati who pursue the imperial examination and official career economy "Lv Kun".
But in the end, "for a moment, I was extremely sad and people could not change." The clean daughters he loved died and dispersed; Under the family arrangement, she married Xue Baochai in a muddle, which led to Lin Daiyu's tearful death. After experiencing the pain of property seizure, he became more and more crazy and stupid.
In order to repay Tian Enzude and get rid of dust as soon as possible, he and Gao Kui's son revived the family business together. Finally, I feel extremely poisonous. I gave up the cliff and returned to Gengqingfeng with a monk. "It is a dream after all, and everything is empty."
(2) Lin Daiyu
Lin Daiyu, the heroine of China's classic Dream of Red Mansions.
One of the twelve official books of Jinling, the crimson pearl fairy grass on the Xiling River was reincarnated. Jia Min is the only daughter of Fu Rong and Lin Ruhai, Jia Baoyu's granddaughter, Jia Baoyu's cousin, lover and confidant, and is called Miss Lin by Jia Fu.
She is born with beauty and outstanding poetic talent, and is the most aura-rich classic female image in world literature. Smart and comely since childhood, her parents regard her as a treasure. He went to school at the age of five, and his mother died young at the age of six or seven. He was enlightened by Jia Yucun at the age of 10.
Jia loves her daughter Jia Min, and also loves me and Daiyu. 65,438+00 years old, raised and educated by her side, just like her grandson Jia Baoyu.
I live with Jia Baoyu, 1 1 year old. All the food and clothing are taken care of by Jia Mu. She thinks she is above Sanchun, but she is only a close relative from generation to generation. She is very unhappy because she is the last person to be sent palace flowers by Mrs. Wang's servant.
1 1 years old, my father died again. Since then, I have lived in Jiafu, and I have developed a aloof and arrogant character. 12 years old, after Jia Yuanchun got married, Lin Daiyu moved into Xiaoxiang Pavilion, nicknamed Princess Xiaoxiang in the Grand View Garden Poetry Society, and expressed her true feelings with poems.
Lin Daiyu and Jia Baoyu are young, have the same ideal and rebellious spirit, and gradually develop into love. The myth of tears returning from crimson pearls endows Lin Daiyu with charming poet temperament, injects romance with fantasy elements into Bao Dai's love, and sets the tone of tragedy at the same time.
Fourth, Journey to the West.
1, author profile
Wu Cheng'en (1506—— about 1583) was born in Sheyang Mountain. Han nationality, from Shanyang County, Huai 'an Prefecture (now Huai 'an District, Huai 'an City). Originally from Anhui? Ancestors lived in Gaodian and Zongyang, so they were called Gaodian Wu.
There are hundreds of The Journey to the West published in Ming Dynasty, and there is no author's signature. The Journey to the West was written by Wu Cheng'en, first of all a scholar in Qing Dynasty, Wu.
Since childhood, Wu Cheng'en has been reading extensively in Minhui, especially fond of fairy tales. After repeated setbacks in the imperial examination, he made up the examination and gave tribute to students in Jiajing. In the forty-five years of Jiajing (1566), he was appointed as the director of Changxing County, Zhejiang Province. Because of his difficult career, he never planned to be an official in his later years and wrote behind closed doors.
2, the main characters
1.[ literary works] make havoc in heaven
The Monkey King is one of the famous mythological figures in China, which comes from the four classical novels The Journey to the West. Born in Dongsheng, China, he was born from the immortal stone. He led a group of monkeys into water curtain cave and became the Monkey King, who was honored as the "Monkey King".
After worshipping Bodhi as a teacher, Qian Shan was named the Monkey King, and learned the superb spells of the earth demon, such as seventy-two changes, somersault cloud and immortality.
The Monkey King, whose magical powers are just emerging, first made a scene in the Dragon Palace to get the golden hoop, and then made a scene in the underworld to check the life and death books. Later, he was blessed by heaven and was named Bi Marvin.
After learning of his low status, he angrily returned to Huaguoshan, defeated the crusade of King Tota and the three princes, and forced the Jade Emperor to make him the Great Sage of Qitian, and built the Great Sage of Qitian in heaven to manage the Flat Peach Garden.
Because of drunkenness, I disturbed the flat peach banquet of the queen mother, stole the elixir of the old gentleman, and became an indestructible body. By mistake, she was turned into an alchemy furnace of Taishang Laojun.
Later, it caused chaos in the heavenly palace. Hundreds of thousands of heavenly soldiers, heavenly generals, four heavenly kings and twenty-eight stars can't beat them. Later, he lost a bet with the Tathagata, and was crushed by the Five Elements Mountain (renamed Liangjie Mountain in the Tang Dynasty) abandoned by the Tathagata, and repented for more than 500 years.
After being enlightened by Guanyin, he was rescued by Tang Priest. Known as a monk, he protected the Tang Priest from learning Buddhist scriptures in the West, exorcised demons all the way, did not fear difficulties and hardships, and finally got the true scriptures after 81 difficulties, and was named anti-Buddha.
(2) Pig Bajie
Zhu Bajie is a fictional character in The Journey to the West by Wu Cheng'en, a novelist of Ming Dynasty. Also known as Zhu, Dhamma name (Guanyin) and posthumous title Bajie (Tang Priest), he was the second disciple of Tang Priest.
Pig Bajie used to be Marshal Tian Peng, who was in charge of the 80,000 Water Army in Tianhe in his previous life, and has always admired this gorgeous fairy. All the immortals in The Journey to the West basically borrowed the immortal records of orthodox Taoism. It can be seen from the mention of Pig Bajie in the episode of Gao Lao Zhuang that Tian Peng, the previous life of Pig Bajie, was a sacred sacrifice to the water god Tianhe.
After flirting with the fairy in the dress, provoking the spiritual officer to picket, he overthrew the bullfighting palace and came to the world, but mistakenly threw a pig fetus. Later, enlightened by Guanyin, he became a disciple of Tang Priest. Together with the Monkey King, he protected the Tang Priest from going to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, and was finally appointed as the messenger of the net altar.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Water Margin
Baidu encyclopedia-romance of the three kingdoms
Baidu encyclopedia-journey to the west
Baidu Encyclopedia-Dream of Red Mansions