How did Wang Xizhi, Gu Kaizhi and other Wei and Jin celebrities show their distinct self-awareness in the art of painting and calligraphy?

Wang Xizhi (303-36 1), a Han nationality with few words, was originally from Linyi (now Shandong) and later moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He was a general of the Right Army and a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was honored as a "book saint" by later generations. His son Wang Xianzhi's handwriting is also very good. People call them "Two Kings", and another son, Wang Ningzhi, is a general of the right army, and is called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Guas in cursive script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Mourning, Preface to Lanting in Running Script, etc. Intensive study of body posture, imitation of heart and pursuit of hand, learning from others' strengths, and casting in one furnace created a running script of "natural, rich in gods and the world", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations.

Gu Kaizhi (about 346-407) was a painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Long Kang, Little Tiger Head, from Wuxi. Gong Shifu, who is good at calligraphy, especially painting, is known as "unique talent, unique painting and infatuation". Portraits of figures, immortals, Buddha statues, animals, landscapes, etc. Arguments such as "thinking strangely" and "expressing the spirit with form" have great influence on Chinese painting. The extant treasure of ancient painting "A History of Women".

Painters, painting theorists and poets in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Long word kang, small word tiger head. Jinling Wuxi (now Jiangsu Province) people. He once joined the army and served as a regular rider. Born in a gentry, he is versatile and skilled in poetry and prose, especially in painting. Good at figure painting, historical figures, Taoism, animals, landscapes and other themes. Painted characters advocate vivid expression, pay attention to the finishing touch, and think that "vivid depiction is in the process of covering the eyes". Pay attention to depicting physiological details, expressing characters' expressions, painting Pei Kai's image, and adding three points to his cheeks, and suddenly feel radiant. Good at using environmental description to express the interest and expression of characters. Drawing Xie Kun in the canyon highlights the interest of the characters. The clothes lines he painted are made of Gu You Si Miao, and the lines are tight and continuous, such as spring silkworms spinning, spring clouds floating in the air, and running water running on the ground, which is natural and smooth. Gu Kaizhi's works are not authentic. The pictures of women's history, the pictures of Luo Shen and the pictures of women's benevolence and wisdom, which have been handed down to this day, are all copies of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Gu Kaizhi has also made outstanding achievements in painting theory. There are three painting theories today: Wei Jinsheng's Painting Praise, On Painting and Painting Yuntai Mountain. Put forward the views of image theory, viewing God by form and thinking brilliantly. It advocates that painting should show the mental state and personality characteristics of the characters, pay attention to the experience and observation of the painted objects, grasp the inner essence of the objects through image thinking, and then show the modal thinking of the characters on the basis of similarity, that is, write the spirit with form. Gu Kaizhi's painting and his theoretical achievements occupy an extremely important position in the history of China's fine arts. Gu Kaizhi wrote three volumes of Enlightenment and twenty volumes of Anthology, both of which have been lost. However, there are still some poems that have been handed down, such as "Thousands of rocks compete for beauty, thousands of valleys compete for flow, and plants are covered. If the clouds flourish, Xia Wei will be". , vividly depicts the beauty of Jiangnan in detail, full of poetry and painting.