The cultural phenomena are listed as follows:
1. Literature
The first number one scholar, three yuan scholars, and three scholars in Chinese history were born in the Tang Dynasty, respectively in A.D. Sun Fujia was the number one scholar in 622 (some say Yan Kangcheng was in 651), and the third number one scholar in 781.
The most eye-catching literary achievement of the Tang Dynasty can be said to be Tang poetry. Since Chen Ziang and the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" in the early Tang Dynasty, famous poets in the Tang Dynasty have emerged in endlessly. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Shen, and Wang Wei, Li He, Han Yu, Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty are some of the representative poets.
The poems written by these poets have different styles, including rich imagination of the mythical world and vivid descriptions of real life, passionate and powerful frontier poems, and deep and profound "history of poetry". There is also a refreshing and refined pastoral poem.
These poems together constitute outstanding representatives of ancient Chinese literature. Although there were still outstanding poets in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties in later generations, the overall level of rhymed poetry and ancient poetry was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, making Tang poetry the insurmountable pinnacle of Chinese ancient poetry. The major cities with the largest number of poems included in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" are Luoyang, Chang'an and Jinling.
2. Fine Arts
Zhang Xuan's "Spring Outing of the Lady of Guo" painted by Zhang Xuan. Due to the absorption of the characteristics and religious colors of the Western Regions, the art of the Tang Dynasty was completely different from that of the previous and previous dynasties. Brothers Yan Liben and Yan Lide in the early Tang Dynasty were good at painting figures. Wu Daozi is known as the "Sage of Painting". He was good at both figures and landscapes. He absorbed the techniques of the Western Regions School of Painting. His paintings are rich in three-dimensionality, and it is sometimes said that "Wu is the style".
Zhang Xuan and Zhou Fang mainly painted pictures of maids. Their representative works include "Picture of Tamping Practice", "Picture of Lady Guo Guo's Spring Outing" and "Picture of Lady with Hairpin Flowers". The poet Wang Wei was good at ink landscape painting, and Su Shi called him "poetry in his paintings."
The mural industry in the Tang Dynasty was particularly developed. The murals in Mogao Grottoes and tombs are masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. The sculpture art of the Tang Dynasty was equally outstanding. Dunhuang, Longmen, Maijishan and Binglingsi Grottoes all reached their heyday during the Tang Dynasty. The Lucena Giant Buddha in Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang and the Leshan Giant Buddha in Sichuan are both amazing. The Six Horses of Zhaoling and the three-color pottery figurines of the tomb are both very exquisite. Among them, the sculptor Yang Huizhi is known as the Sculptor. ?
3. Calligraphy
During the Tang Dynasty, calligraphers emerged in large numbers. Ouyang Xun and Yu Shinan were both famous calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. Ouyang Xun's regular script is rigorous and rigorous, and his famous works include "Jiucheng Palace Liquan Ming". Yu Shinan's regular script font is soft and round. Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan were famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty.
Yan Zhenqing's regular script is thick and full of muscles, strong and free. His representative works include "Duobao Pagoda Stele" and "Yan's Family Temple Stele"; Liu Gongquan's handwriting is strong and vigorous, and his representative works include "Mysterious Pagoda Stele" ", the world calls the calligraphy of Yan and Liu "Yan Jin Liu Gu". Zhang Xu and Huai Su were masters of cursive calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty.
4. Science and Technology
Seng Xing, an astronomer of the Tang Dynasty, measured the length of the meridian for the first time in the world; Medicine King Sun Simiao’s "Thousands of Gold Prescriptions" is a rare medical book; in 868 , the printing of the Diamond Sutra is the earliest known woodblock printing technology in the world. China's papermaking, textile and other technologies spread to West Asia and Europe through the Arab region. ?
5. Religion
The religious policy in the early Tang Dynasty was relatively open, and the two traditional Chinese religions, Taoism and Buddhism, developed greatly. In the Tang Dynasty, Taoism was the state religion, and the princes and nobles all respected Taoist priests. They used Taoist classics such as "Laozi", "Zhuangzi", "Wenzi" and "Liezi" to recruit scholars.
In the early Tang Dynasty, when the eminent monk Xuanzang was translating Buddhist classics, he absorbed a large number of Taoist terminology in order to conform to the national conditions of the Tang Dynasty at that time. The large number of translations of Buddhist classics and the gradual maturity of the Chinese monks' own ideological system made Chinese Buddhism flourish during this period. Developed steadily, and most of the major sects of Chinese Buddhism were formed and matured during this period.
Other religions such as Islam, Nestorianism and Zoroastrianism were introduced to China with international exchanges. Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty adopted a high-pressure policy against Buddhism, which was known in history as the Huichang Extermination of Buddhism. Except for a few Buddhist sects such as Zen, other sects never recovered.