This article is a lyric prose, written from 1928 to 1937. At this time, Zhu Ziqing studied knowledge while teaching in Tsinghua University. The smooth work and the harmony of family life made him feel calm and serene, and spring brought him into a beautiful situation in the south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, he wrote this well-known essay "Spring".
Overall grasp
I. Structural analysis
The first part (1) is about longing for spring. Highlight hope, always lead the whole article, open the following.
The second part (2-7) depicts the scene of spring returning to the earth, everything reviving, full of vitality and flowers blooming.
The third part (8- 10) praises the vigorous vitality of spring and emphasizes its "newness", "beauty" and "strength".
Second, the main idea of the article
Spring is a poetic lyric prose. Spring is a season in nature, and this paper uses a variety of rhetorical devices to give it feelings and life. Grasping the main features of spring, the author describes the scene of spring returning to the earth, everything reviving, full of vitality and brilliant vegetation from different angles, expressing the author's joy in loving spring and looking forward to the future. This is a lyric poem, a landscape painting and a hymn of spring.
Third, writing characteristics
This article is carefully composed and displayed layer by layer, which makes the article clear and accurate. Around the central scenery, it extends to other things in various ways, forming a foil, which makes the picture more spring and deeper under the foil of other things. The description of each painting is open and closed, which is the author's clever control of the artistic characteristics of prose "shape is scattered but spirit is not scattered". The language in the text is simple and fresh, and the words are accurate, which can vividly express the characteristics of the scenery. The author hammered words and refined sentences, using many words that condensed the image. The language described is beautiful and expressive, and the words used are accurate and accurate. "Langrun" accurately describes the bright and humid appearance of mountain scenery in spring. "Bees buzzing", a word "noisy", not only describes the bees scrambling, but also presents a noisy and boiling scene. The extensive use of reduplicated words does not make readers feel gorgeous rhetoric and artificial carving, but also highlights the characteristics of spring just right. The "stealth" in "Spring Grass Map" is to quietly show the dynamic growth of grass without people noticing it; "Tenderness" describes the freshness and tenderness of newborn grass; "Green" gives the grass a bright and pleasing color. Sentence patterns are also varied. Prose is mixed with symmetrical or parallel phrases and short sentences, which are smooth and neat, and the use of overlapping words and sentences strengthens the expressive force in description. Some spoken English, such as "sitting and lying to catch a few riddles", seems lively and natural. Many wonderful and moving figurative sentences and personification sentences in this paper have played an outstanding role in describing the characteristics of scenery and expressing feelings. The three sentences at the end are not only ingenious and meaningful, but also arranged in rows and orderly. Poetry and painting are integrated. The author does not directly write about his love and praise for spring, but endows all kinds of scenery with distinct emotional colors with lyrical brushes. Describe the landscape features from multiple angles and sides. The author is good at mobilizing the five senses to feel the characteristics of the scenery, which is colorful and intoxicating.
Factor analysis
First of all, important words
Rising water (zh m \ng), hide-and-seek (cáng), thinness (bó), smoke (suū), clothes nest (cháo) are bright and lively.
Cheerful: A cheerful appearance.
Langrun: Bright and moist.
Catch-up: originally meant to catch up, which means that all kinds of fruit trees compete to blossom.
Blowing your face is not chilling: this is a poem written by Zhi Nan and Shang in the Southern Song Dynasty. Liufeng, the wind that blows willows, refers to the spring breeze.
Yünniàng: The original meaning is brewing, which means that all kinds of smells in the air are getting stronger and stronger like fermentation.
Flowers: Flowers in full bloom.
Call friends: Call friends and attract companions.
Show off: Show off.
Wan zhuan: the same as "tactfully". Describe the mellow voice.
Answer (hè): Answer each other.
Needle: fine embroidery needle.
Yellow halo (yùn): dim and not bright. Halo, the aperture around the sun or moon, also refers to the blurred part around light, shadow or color.
Contrast: a method of Chinese painting, in which light ink or light color is applied from the side or around to make the painting more vivid and prominent, which means "contrast" here.
Silence: To make no sound quietly. The text uses personification rhetoric.
Comfort: stretching.
A year's plan lies in spring: a year's plan lies in spring. It means that spring is the beginning of a year, so we should arrange the things to be done throughout the year as soon as possible.
Landing: The baby was born here.
A metaphor for elegant posture. Flatten and sway in the wind.
Second, pay attention to understanding.
1. The first sentence overlaps with "expectation", which shows the author's longing for the arrival of spring. "The east wind is coming" refers to the spring breeze, which is the messenger of spring. "The footsteps are near" compares spring to people. From expecting to feel the coming of spring breeze to hearing the approach of spring step by step, the author vividly wrote the eagerness of expecting spring and the joy of knowing that spring has come. In addition, the short sentence at the beginning also clearly indicates that spring is coming. Judging from the structure of the article, it has the function of pulling one hair and moving the whole body and opening the following. The description of five spring scenes is the concrete expression of this sentence.
2. Delicate description: In the picture of Spring Grass, the vitality of Spring Grass is "diamond", its color is "green", its texture is "tender" and "soft", its coverage is "a large area" and "full", people are happy to play on the grass, and the wind helps. Meticulous brushwork, figurative, makes people feel like witnessing the experience with their own eyes.
3. Three-dimensional description: In the "Spring Flower Map", first write about the flowers on the tree, then write about the insects on the tree, and then write about the wildflowers everywhere under the tree; Write about the flowers in front of you and the fruits on the imaginary trees; Write the color and sweetness of flowers; Write wild flowers as eyes, blink as stars, and write the wind and the sun in secret. In this way, the combination of motion and stillness, color and taste, virtual and real, high and low, bright and dark draws a colorful and three-dimensional picture of spring.
4. There are various ways to describe it: personification "Everything is just like waking up, and my eyes are opened with joy" ... flowers, trees and everything are more energetic with people's expressions, actions and feelings. The metaphors "like fire" and "like eyes" ... are concrete and vivid, and the colors are more vivid with images.
5. What are the characteristics of spring highlighted by the three metaphors at the end of the article?
The first sentence, "Spring is like a newborn baby, it is new from head to toe, and it is growing", which symbolizes the vigorous vitality and highlights the word "new";
The second sentence "Spring is like a little girl, blooming, smiling and walking" symbolizes the graceful spring and highlights the "beauty" of spring;
The third sentence, "Spring is like a strong young man with iron arms, waist and feet, leading us forward", symbolizes the vitality of youth and gives people the aesthetic feeling of "endless strength".
Focusing on the word "spring", the full text writes about the yearning for the future spring, and then appreciates and praises the vitality of spring after its return to the earth, subtly conveying to readers that spring brings people not only a new atmosphere, but also inspiring courage and yearning for a better and happier life.
Summarize the outline
Spring has finally come, and it has returned to the earth, and everything is renewed. The author drew a sketch first, and always mentioned it with the words "Everything is just like waking up, beaming". Then, through three different things-mountains, water and the sun, he described the scene of spring returning to the earth, everything reviving and full of vitality.
7. Spring grass map
Spring grass map, focusing on the scenery of spring grass. Here is the dynamics of grass: "Slip out of the soil"; Texture: "tender"; Color: "green"; Growing vigorously: "in the garden, in the field, you see, it is all over the place." Depicting the scene of green grass in spring from different angles is in sharp contrast with the lush summer grass and the yellow autumn grass. Then write people's activities and feelings on the grass, and reveal the happiness brought by spring grass from the side.
8. Spring Flower Map
In the Picture of Spring Flowers, the author highlights the word "noisy" and depicts a picture of a hundred flowers blooming for spring. I used five sentences to describe this picture and wrote two kinds of flowers. Write fruit flowers first, then wildflowers. The observation points are from high to low, from the main foreground of the picture to the broad background. It took four sentences to write down the fruits and flowers in detail: first, write down the competition between peaches, apricots and pears anthropomorphically (the first sentence). The author not only chose the most representative spring flowers, but also wrote the flowers "You won't let me, I won't let you" with anthropomorphic brushwork, as if they came in droves, "all of them are full of flowers to catch up". This pen sets a warm tone for this painting. Then write down their color (second sentence), taste (third sentence) and fragrance (fourth sentence) in turn. The metaphor for writing colors is: "Red is like fire, pink is like chardonnay, and white is like snow." Not only vivid, but also "red", "pink" and "white" are used to refer to peaches, apricots and pears in turn, which are orderly. Using association to write the taste, from the real to the virtual, the virtual and the real correspond: "Flowers have fragrance", which is of course obtained by the sense of smell, but I am afraid it is not all like this. The last clause: "When I close my eyes, the trees seem to be full of peaches, Xinger and pears." The sweetness of the smelled flowers is associated with the fruit, and the sweetness of the imagined fruits is used to prove the sweetness of these flowers. When writing flowers, you can use the side to compare. There is no need for words like "fragrant flowers", and even the word "fragrant flowers" does not appear. Instead, you can write that there are hundreds of bees and butterflies under the flowers. In fact, isn't that a bee butterfly attracted by flowers? The dancing of bees and butterflies not only highlights the fragrance of flowers and nectar, but also secretly takes care of the "sweetness in flowers" and gives the picture a warm and dynamic feeling, further showing the bustling scene of fruit trees in full bloom. Only one sentence (the fifth sentence) is used to write wild flowers, but vivid metaphors are used to write the lovable modality of miscellaneous flowers everywhere, swaying and swaying in the spring sunshine. Wild flowers are jumbled and scattered in the grass. They are scattered all over the place, shining in the sun and constantly flashing in the slight spring breeze. It is precisely because of these characteristics that the flicker of wild flowers and stars and the blink of eyes are very similar. The author said that wild flowers are "like eyes, like stars, still blinking", which is really vivid.
9. Spring breeze map
"Spring Breeze Map" depicts the spring breeze from different angles, puts pen to paper in ancient poetry, and shows a warm and warm spring breeze map from touch, smell, vision and hearing. How does the invisible spring breeze form the picture of spring? Firstly, the article writes the tenderness of spring breeze from the perspective of touch. The ancients said that "blowing your face without cold wind" is "good". The spring breeze is so warm and soft, just like "touching your mother's hand" makes people feel kind and comfortable. Here, the author endows Chunfeng people with emotion, which makes people memorable. Then, from the perspective of smell, I wrote about the lightness and fragrance of the spring breeze. "There is a smell of newly turned soil mixed with grass in the wind", which is not very strong and can only be smelled in the breeze. "There are also the scents of various flowers, all brewing in the slightly humid air." The spring breeze is moist and warm, and the flowers are in full bloom. Only when the breeze blows gently can people smell it. If the east wind is mighty, all kinds of flowers will not "brew". It is impossible to form a picture only from the perspective of touch and smell. Next, the author describes the scene under the spring breeze from the perspective of vision and hearing. "The bird's nest is outside the leaves in the flowers". Perhaps the birds also smell the fragrance of spring. Isn't it particularly pleasant? So, he was "happy, called friends to show off his crisp voice, and sang a whirling song, which set each other off with the light wind and flowing water." Trees are lush, green leaves are swaying, flowers are blooming, and birds are singing and flowers are fragrant. The breeze and the running water under the tree jingled and set each other off. In the distance, on the grassy river bank, "the shepherd boy's piccolo on the cow's back keeps ringing all day." Birds greet spring together, and the spring breeze sings together. What a beautiful picture! In this way, the author writes a vivid, affectionate and emotional picture of the invisible spring breeze through the description of the scene in Spring Breeze.
10. Spring rain map
"Spring Rain Map" is also a model of grasping the characteristics and describing it from many angles and sides. Although the opening sentence is unremarkable, without any modification, it suddenly tells the characteristics of the spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River: "the rain is the most unusual" in spring, and it is endless. It takes three or two days at a time. Writing here, the author immediately reminded us: "Don't be upset", which led us to savor the interest of spring rain and appreciate its cuteness. Next, the author shows you a series of activities like watching a movie. Let's start with a close-up of the spring rain: "Look, it's like cow hair, like needles, like filaments", and describe the shape of the spring rain from different angles with three metaphors. These three metaphors have one thing in common: they all describe the "fineness" of spring rain, but each has its own emphasis. "Like a cow's hair", thin and dense; "Like a flower needle", written small and shiny; "Like a filament" highlights its softness and length. The lens continues to move, zooming in to the close shot, middle shot and distant shot. Spring rain weaves densely and obliquely in the slight spring breeze, and the word "oblique" indicates the existence of spring breeze, which also takes care of the fact that spring breeze is "light and quiet"; Breeze and drizzle interweave, weaving a transparent rain curtain. The line of sight moves, and from a distance, the drizzle flutters and rises gently on other people's roofs, just like a thin layer of smoke hanging over the roof? The word "light smoke" aptly describes the subtle characteristics of spring rain. The word "cage" also describes the faint characteristics of rain and fog: the roof in the distance is still visible, but those lines become blurred. The drizzle seems to cast a veil over the whole picture, and everything seems to have a hazy and soft tone. The author described the scenery in the rain after the spring rain. A * * * used four sentences, which are far and near, dynamic and static. The first sentence, "The leaves are bright green and the grass is green enough to stare at your eyes", is a close-up description. At this time, the leaves are no longer the green that can't be separated from the goose yellow foundation when they just germinate and grow leaves, and the grass is no longer the "tender" green when it was just unearthed; Under the moist and washing of the spring rain, all the plants become bright and dazzling. This is a profile description, and it also describes the characteristics of "moistening things silently" in the spring rain. In this sentence, the word "forced" is used well.
Imagine that the spring rain picture we see in front of us seems to have a hazy and soft gray tone. At this time, the author suddenly pushed the camera to the plants moistened and washed by the spring rain, and suddenly a touch of bright green appeared in the hazy, soft and gloomy tone; How do we feel at this time? Bright and dazzling. But this is different from the reflection of leaves in the hot summer sun, and it is a white and bright green; The grass green in the spring rain, although "green to your eyes", is a strong effect caused by color difference: in the whole soft background, it is bright and dazzling, but not harsh, and still does not take off the softness of the green in the spring rain. A word "force" conveys this sense of color extremely accurately. The second sentence, "In the evening, the lights are on, and a little dim light sets off a quiet and peaceful night", which is about the future. Why do you see it? The light is a bit small, which is caused by hyperopia; Light is "yellow halo", because the light is shrouded in rain and fog, and from a distance, it presents a small yellow halo. This small yellow light adds a quiet and warm tone to the picture. This sentence describes the scenery from near to far, and time passes. The third sentence changes from static to dynamic, and the camera slowly shakes. "In the countryside, on the road, by the stone bridge, there are people walking slowly with umbrellas and farmers working in the fields." People cherish spring, and farmers still work in the rain. Although people's activities are written here, it is not lively, and the main theme is quiet and peaceful. The fourth sentence, "Their house is sparse and silent in the rain", also writes a static scene, which is a long shot and constitutes the background of the whole picture. From dynamic to static, it highlights the quiet and peaceful theme of the spring rain map. From the whole paragraph, there are positive descriptions and side descriptions; Write about the changes of scenery and the passage of time; In the description of the scenery, the distance is also corresponding, and the movement is combined, thus forming a continuous moving picture, which slowly unfolds around the quiet and peaceful theme. When writing about spring rain here, the author points out the characteristic of spring rain-implication, and then describes various rain scenes by deducing this characteristic. Writing rain scenes is not based on the passage of time or the transfer of space, but fully considers the contrast effect of color, brightness and even movement, and introduces three "spring rain scenes" for us successively. The first picture: in the drizzle like "fine smoke", "the leaves are bright and the grass is green." Color: green and cyan; Brightness: bright. Then the second picture came out: "At night, the lights are on, and a little yellow light sets off a quiet and peaceful night." Color: yellow halo; Brightness: dull. This constitutes a sharp contrast between color and brightness. These two themes are objects and still scenes. Then the third picture was released: "In the countryside, on the road, by the stone bridge, there are people walking slowly with umbrellas, farmers working in the fields, wearing wrinkled hats." This film is dominated by characters and the scene is touching. As for "their houses are scattered and silent in the rain", it can be regarded as the background of this rain scene with people as the mainstay. This one is in sharp contrast with the first two. These three pictures, with two levels, set off each other and are integrated. The large-scale Spring Rain Picture composed of * * * is extremely natural and vivid. In this way, the author vividly wrote the "subtle" characteristics of spring rain through clever conception, reasonable layout and vivid visual image. If this is not the case, but according to the order of "sun scene" and "night scene", the sentence about rainy night scenery is put at the end, which completely disrupts the author's thinking and the effect is far from so good.
1 1. Spring Festival pictures
Welcome the Spring Festival, focusing on early spring and diligent people. The article draws out the children on the ground to greet the spring from the kites in the sky, and then draws out a jubilant scene of "city and country, every household, old and young", which constitutes a picture full of spring. Then the author skillfully points out the moral: "A year's plan lies in spring", which is just the beginning, and there is still a lot of work and hope. The first four paintings are mainly about the natural beauty of spring. This song, from the scenery to the characters, praises the spirit of forging ahead like spring and shows the yearning for a better life.
Part I: Looking forward to spring
(1) How does the author greet the arrival of spring? Which word clearly tells us that spring hasn't come yet?
Looking forward to, looking forward to. Why use two in a row? This overlap can better express the author's longing for spring. The use of "near" is very accurate, telling us that spring has come.
(2) Two "smiles" and two "smiles" in the first section give us a very soft and kind feeling.
13. Part II: Painting Spring.
Spring has finally come, and it has returned to the earth, and everything is renewed. The author is full of joy, and first gives a general description of the land of spring return in one sentence, and then gives a detailed description respectively.
(1) In a word, "Everything is just like waking up and smiling". What does "everything" mean? What does "ran" mean?
"Everything" means no exceptions. "Ran" is an adjective suffix, indicating the state and appearance.
(2) Section 2. What did you describe when you returned to the earth in spring? How to describe it?
Facing the mountains, water and the sun. Write that the mountains are moist, the water is rising and the sun is blushing. "Langrun", "Rise" and "Red" describe the characteristics of mountains, water and sun in spring very accurately.
(3) Writing in the third section is very detailed. In what ways? Which words are used particularly well?
Drill and write vitality. Tender, write texture. Green, write color. ..... full of, write range. Soft, writing posture. "Drill" is well used to describe the vigorous vitality of grass. People look forward to spring, and leather comes out of the soil and looks forward to spring. Good grass makes people happy.
(4) What does the fourth quarter say? What to write first? What to write after that? What do you write? What kind of scene is it? What is the scene under the flowers? There is a word that is particularly well used. Which word?
Trees, flowers, bees, butterflies, wild flowers. Blink and run to your destination. Write about the spring of flowers, the color of flowers, the sweetness of flowers and the fruits of flowers. Noisy and Red Apricot Branches in Spring.
(5) Section 5 wrote short stories about the wind, birds and shepherds. How to write?
Write the "touch" of the wind, the fragrance of the wind wakes up, the bird calls for friends, the jujube calls for friends, and the piccolo rings.
The crisp sound of birds, the sound of light wind and flowing water and the loud sound of the shepherd boy piccolo correspond to each other, forming a very beautiful spring symphony, which is harmonious and beautiful.
(6) The scenery in the rain is also very moving. Write the shape of the rain first, and then write the scenery in the rain. Find two words to describe the shape of rain.
"Fine" and "dense". These two metaphors are vivid.
(7) Section 2-6 focuses on scenery, and section 7 focuses on people, with only a few strokes. Written in the sky and underground, written in cities and villages, written in every household, old and young. Write about diligence, the plan for a year lies in spring, the things to be done in a year, and the plan for a year, and we must make a good plan in spring. A few strokes, the scenery has its own person, and the infinite spring scenery is fascinating.
14. Paragraph 3: Ode to Spring.
(1) After giving it to Chun, the author sang Chun with joy. What technique did he use?
For example. There are connections and differences between the three metaphors, which make spring stronger and stronger. First a doll, then a little girl, and finally a strong young man, he wrote down the growth of spring from different angles, describing the business, change and youthful vitality of spring very touching.
Third, the use of overlapping words.
The whole article uses overlapping type 17. The use of overlapping can slow down the rhythm of sentences, produce a soothing and friendly tone, and also make written language as close as possible to spoken language, making written language more plain, natural and smooth; More importantly, proper use of overlapping can describe images more accurately. For example, using "tender" to write the texture of grass, using "green" to write the color of grass, and using the onomatopoeic word "buzzing" to express the scene of hundreds of bees flying are very vivid and realistic. At the same time, reading it can also produce a unique charm. Try to read this sentence: "every household in urban and rural areas, old and young, is rushing out, relaxing and doing their own thing." At the beginning, the words "every household, old and young" and the dual phrases "city and country" were used to form three regular six-meal groups, which naturally formed a cheerful tone. Two sentences later, it appeared again.
The word formation of two overlapping words: "fire and fire" and "Miracle" changed from AABB to ABAB, which suddenly produced a sense of movement.
Fourth, the beauty of music.
The musical beauty of "Spring" is highlighted in the use of rhyme between light tone characters and children's songs. Through the use of light words and rhyme, the deployment of tones and words, and the change of sentence patterns, a relaxed and lively melody, a harmonious and smooth rhythm and a kind of musical beauty have been formed. For example, at the beginning of the article, I wrote: "Looking forward, looking forward, the east wind is coming, and the footsteps of spring are approaching." All four sentences end with "zhe" or "le". The sentence is short and kind, which sets a lively tone for the full text and expresses the author's eagerness and joy in looking forward to spring. Then, the author gave us a sketch of spring. "The mountains are moist, the water is rising and the sun is blushing." The word "Le" was used in a row, which set off a lively atmosphere and showed a vibrant spring scene in front of readers. Next, the author gives a detailed description of this spring scene. The grass is green, the wind is quiet and the grass is soft. Peach, apricot and pear trees are full of flowers, and the flowers are very sweet. When you close your eyes, the trees seem to be full of peaches, Xinger and pears. Here, the author uses many boring words and rhymes. There are more than 600 words in the full text, and there are more than 50 rhymes of light words, which are mostly used at the end of sentences. They are lively and friendly to read, forming a relaxed and lively melody, showing the author's happy mood and arousing readers' strong yearning for spring.
The metaphor of spring is also very distinctive. First of all, the author is good at combining metaphor with personification, which not only makes things vivid, but also makes the images described more accurate, vivid and interesting. For example, when the spring returns to the earth and everything recovers, the author describes it like this: "Everything looks like I just woke up and opened my eyes with joy." People's "just waking up" is similar to the scene of the revival of everything, but just using "just waking up" seems not vivid enough, so the author added "beaming", and suddenly, spring has a human expression. In this way, it accurately, vividly and interestingly shows the warm, moist and energetic characteristics of spring in a specific way that people wake up from sleep, get rid of all difficulties and regain their energy. The second is to make good use of metaphors. Metaphor is a special form of metaphor, which connects several metaphors to the same ontology. For example: "Wild flowers are everywhere ... scattered in the grass like eyes, like stars, still blinking." Linking the two metaphors of "eyes" and "stars", this paper describes wild flowers from the perspectives of individuals and groups, and writes the characteristics of wild flowers that are bright, crystal clear and scattered in the grass. Coupled with the phrase "still blinking", it not only describes the way wild flowers flicker in the breeze, but also vividly draws the naughty and lovely expression of wild flowers like children. Reading is very interesting. Another example is Spring Rain, which shows the different characteristics of spring rain in detail with three metaphors: "ox hair", "flower needle" and "filament". The use of metaphor in this way is not only strong in language, but also much richer in meaning. The third is the use of parallelism. At the end of the article, the author uses three metaphors together, using "newborn baby" as a metaphor for spring, highlighting the "novelty" of spring; Use the "little girl with beautiful flowers" to compare spring and highlight the "beauty" of spring; Comparing spring to a "strong young man", it has "iron arms, waist and feet", which highlights the "strength" of spring and gives people a healthy and magnificent feeling. The author praises spring with three metaphors, which are interrelated at different levels and gradually deepened. Vivid, vivid and vivid metaphors not only highlight the theme of the article, but also increase the momentum of the article, making the end of the article clear and powerful.