How to grasp the physical structure of figure sketch?

How to sketch the shape and structure is to draw the image of the object you see quickly in a short time with concise brushwork. The difference between this painting art and other kinds of painting is that it is not determined according to the different painting tools. The simplicity and generalization of sketch should be simplified by deleting the complex, boldly choosing and covering all aspects. It should be noted that ① it can be abstracted into geometric shapes to summarize the whole picture. At first, you might as well use the auxiliary line to tick it gently. ② The human body can be understood as "three bodies" (or three ellipses) and "four limbs". The head block in "Three-body" leans forward slightly depending on the neck, making changes in forward, backward and left-right rotation. The chest and pelvis can also tilt forward and backward, tilt left and right and rotate through the waist. ③ The main characteristics of men and women: the male chest mass is wider than that of women, and the female pelvic mass is wider than that of men. (4) The proportion of people whose heads are the length should be appropriate. Simplify first and then complicate, grasp the overall situation first and then enrich. This "overall situation" is the modeling line that can best express the characteristics. Some parts, such as the back of the head, are relatively simple and can be drawn first. The face is complicated and can be placed temporarily, or some vivid details can be played hard to get and simplified. Grasp the main points first, grasp the main points, grasp the joints, and grasp the main contradictions. In other words, we should start with the part of the clothes close to the body, because the appearance close to the body is the prominent point and joint turning point of the bone and muscle structure, and also the key point of the character's motion posture. These points are: shoulder, chest, pelvis, greater trochanter, ankle (note that the ankle is high inside and low outside) and wrist. Behind: scapula, gluteus maximus and gastrocnemius. Be careful to use the pen accurately on the main points. To "turn a blind eye" out of nothing is to look at complex appearances. As for the main points of the figure's body structure, even if it is not obvious, we should grasp the clothing lines to combine and express them, and even exaggerate and strengthen them. This is "making something out of nothing", turning virtual into reality. Beginners of write slowly figure painting skills must first solve the following two problems in figure painting write slowly: the relationship between human body structure and proportion; The relationship between character dynamics and clothing patterns. Write slowly figure painting is an important course in sketch teaching, and the content of the course is generally a full-length portrait with clothes on. Write slowly, a figure in clothes mainly shows the proportion of various parts of the human body and the changes of large body shape. The proportion of human body usually measures the length of each part of the body in units of head. For example, the upper limb is about 3 heads long, the lower limb is about 3.5 heads long, and the shoulder width is about 2 heads. When drafting, we also use the length of the head to determine the proportion of the whole body. For example, we often say "stand seven, sit five, squat three". The general blocks in the human body are fingers, chest, buttocks and limbs, of which chest and buttocks are the largest two. Due to the flexibility of human spine, these two large volumes have undergone various changes. Mastering the activity law of these two volumes is the key to draw human dynamics well. In "Write Slowly", the chest and buttocks of a character in clothes are covered by clothes, so it is difficult to observe their changing relationship, especially their perspective deformation. How to express these two relationships of the body? In addition to careful observation, beginners can also use their own knowledge of human anatomy to draw some sketches of structural movements next to paintings to help understand and deal with the relationship between different parts of the human body. The expression of clothing pattern change is a difficult point in figure painting. Novices often don't know how to start with the complicated and trivial clothes lines on the characters' clothes. In fact, people's clothing patterns change regularly, and will change regularly with people's body movements, which requires beginners to do a lot of dynamic sketches and accumulate experience to solve them. What we need to solve in "People Write Slowly" is how to choose clothing lines. In the face of the large and small clothing lines on objects, we can't copy them one by one in "Write Slowly", which ones should be kept, which ones should be removed, which ones should be merged and which ones should be strengthened. These are all problems in the expression of clothing lines. In Writing Slowly, we can deal with these problems according to two principles: one is the principle of optimization, and the other is the principle of beautification. The principle of optimization requires keeping the clothes lines that best reflect the characteristics of body movement. These lines are often at the intersection of the body, forming folds with the twisting of the body. These lines are characterized by large and deep lines and strong visual reflection. Many times, in order to strengthen the strength of joints, we connect some clothing lines to form a large and complete line change. This mainly happens on the inside of the joint. The outer side of joints is the place where human bones and joints exert force on clothing, where there are fewer and fewer clothing lines, which forms a strong visual contrast with the inner clothing lines. The focus here should be on the shape of bones and joints through the shape of clothes. In addition, when dealing with the change of clothing pattern, avoid parallel lines and cross lines. The main points of sketch training The sketch exam has a certain time limit, so candidates are required to be psychologically prepared and have a good attitude. Be steady during the exam to avoid being nervous and flustered. In addition to considering the time arrangement, we should concentrate on observing the object, eliminate all other thoughts, and only consider how to show the morphological characteristics of the object within the specified time. Only by stabilizing your emotions like athletes in sports meetings can you draw what you see and think. The following are the key tips about sketch: 1, the performance skills of sketch. For people who have an action in write slowly for fifteen minutes, there are two aspects to start practicing. The first is to practice his generalization ability. The characters can be simple, but they should be dynamic, vivid, correct in proportion and appropriate in composition. The second is to practice the ability of deep description and draw the physical structure you observe as much as possible. For the performance of clothing lines, we should not look at how many pictures are drawn, but choose pictures. For example, there are about seventeen or eighteen lines on the model's arm. You can sort it into eight or nine lines that represent the main structural relations by induction, so that you won't be unable to start with complex clothing lines. Sketch still has the problem of observing objects, which is consistent with sketch. To do comparative observation, we should observe from the perspective of body structure, rather than looking at the object locally and copying it on the surface. The main form of sketch is line. It is important to master the skills of sketching. At the same time, we should understand the tacit understanding of lines and structures. Lines should directly reflect the structure, not break away from it. At the same time, we should actively organize and deal with the rhythm, length, density and reality of line expression, and we can't find it completely from the model. 2, master the correct training methods Some candidates mistakenly think that sketching is fast, just a few simple and vivid sketches. Under this understanding, although I drew a lot of sketches, I still made little progress and even developed many bad habits. Correct sketch practice should start with slow writing and clear purpose. what is the purpose? The goal is not how fast, but how good. It is necessary to make the composition appropriate, the proportion accurate, the body structure bold and the characters vivid. To achieve these elements as the standard. As for how much time it takes, sketch training will naturally shorten the time after a certain degree. This is the correct way to avoid detours. At present, most of the sketch exams in many art colleges are written slowly. After the understanding of sketch is clear, the main problem that affects candidates is not the technique, but the mentality. Some candidates are often anxious and impatient, and draw a lot of homework, and every item is sloppy. In the long run, they have developed bad habits. Every sketch should be carefully drawn, and you should be patient if you don't. Sketch and sketch are two different subjects in China, but there is no clear division in the west. Both long-term sketch and short-term sketch are sketches. In fact, sketch is a relatively simple sketch, and the observation method, understanding and understanding of space and physical structure are consistent. Candidates should apply their knowledge and understanding of sketch to sketch in training, which is a learning method with twice the result with half the effort. Students who begin to practice sketching like to draw some people's movements in daily life, and try to choose relatively static objects, which can enhance your perception of life and train your sketching skills correctly. Don't choose sketching objects that are fleeting at first. In the long run, instead of mastering the basic skills of sketching, you will develop the problem of being flustered and quick. In daily life, while sketching, there must be a special model to practice sketching for candidates, or parents of candidates can do it at night. It doesn't have to take a long time every day, and you will make progress if you keep doing it. The sketch scores of some art colleges are generally less than 50% of the sketch color. Because the sketch score is low, it is often ignored by candidates. They mainly sketch and color, and began to sketch two months before the college entrance examination. Therefore, some candidates failed in sketch, and the total score of their major dropped. Compared with sketch, sketch is less difficult in skills and understanding, and it is also a subject that is easier to get points. Analysis and drawing of figure sketch Figure sketch is not only a basic course for art majors, but also