Fang Xuanling Du Ruhui
Fang Xuanling (579?648)
Name: Fang Xuanling
Alias: Fang Qiao
Birthday: 579
Nationality: Han
Death anniversary: ??August 18, 648 (lunar calendar)
Birthplace: Linzi, Qizhou
Region: Linzi, Qizhou
Country: Tang Dynasty, China
Occupation: Founding Prime Minister
Faith ：Inclusive
Famous figures in the early Tang Dynasty. His first name was Qiao, and his courtesy name was Xuanling (some say his name was Xuanling, and his courtesy name was Qiao). A native of Linzi, Qizhou (now northeast of Zibo, Shandong). Xuanling was well-read in classics and history, and was good at writing and writing. When he was 18 years old, he was promoted to Jinshi in his state and was awarded the titles of Yuqiwei and Xichengwei successively. During the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan led his troops into the Pass. Xuanling surrendered to Li Shimin in Weibei. He went on many expeditions with the King of Qin, served as a counselor and secretary, and served as the secretary of the King of Qin's palace. Every time a place was conquered, others were vying for treasures, but he was the first to recruit talents for the King of Qin and the shogunate. He and Du Ruhui were the most effective counselors of the King of Qin. In the ninth year of Tang Wude's reign (626), he participated in the planning of the Xuanwu Gate Incident and shared the first place with Du Ruhui, Changsun Wuji, Yuchi Jingde, and Hou Junji. Tang Taizong Li Shimin came to the throne, and Xuanling was appointed Zhongshu Ling. In February of the third year of Zhenguan (629), he became Shangshu Zuopushe and supervised the compilation of national history. In the eleventh year, he was granted the title of Duke of Liang. Together with Du Ruhui and Wei Zheng, he was an important assistant to Emperor Taizong. In July of the 16th year, Sikong ascended the throne and still managed the affairs of the state. He was ordered to rewrite the Book of Jin. When Taizong conquered Goguryeo, he stayed in the capital. Died of illness in twenty-two years.
Before Zhenguan, he assisted Li Shimin in managing the four directions, defeating the heroes and seizing the throne. Li Shimin praised him for his ability to plan strategies and determine the country. During the Zhenguan period, he assisted Taizong, commanded a hundred divisions, and was in charge of government affairs for 20 years; he participated in the formulation of laws and regulations, presided over the revision of laws and regulations, and practiced Tang rites with Wei Zheng; he adjusted government agencies, and merged provincial and central officials ; Be good at employing people, do not ask for preparation, and do not ask whether they are high or low, and assign appointments according to their talents; abide by their duties and do not take credit for themselves. Later generations regarded him and Du Ruhui as models of good looks, and they were collectively known as "Fang" and "Du".
Fang Xuanling (579-648), a famous prime minister in the early Tang Dynasty, was one of the ten most virtuous prime ministers in China. The name was Qiao, and the courtesy name was Xuanling (because Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was named Xuanye, in order to avoid taboo, his name was changed to "Yuanling" in the history books and related materials re-edited/compiled in the Qing Dynasty, which was the same as the imperial family of the early Tang Dynasty). The concubine "Qinghe Fang's Yuanling" has the same name). A native of Linzi, Qizhou (now northeast of Zibo, Shandong). He was a young policeman, well-read in classics and history, good at calligraphy and cursive writing, and had the literary talent of "relying on a horse to achieve success". In the eighteenth year, he was promoted to Jinshi, awarded the rank of Yuqiwei, and became the provincial secretary of the school. Gao Xiaoji, the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, was a good friend of people. He said to Pei Ju: "There are many servants. There is no one like him. He should be a national weapon, but I hate to see him towering over the valley and raising the clouds in the sky." (Later generations call it "Dragon Eyes and Phoenix Eyes", and the Three Stages are ranked among them.) ("New Book of Tang Dynasty: Biography of Fang Xuanling")
In the Kaihuang (the reign title of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty), the world Mixed together, they all said that Sui Zuo Fang Yong, Xuan Ling Mi Bai's father said: "I have no merit in the world, I only use it as a close relative, and get rid of the artifacts. I don't have a long-term plan for my descendants. I confuse the legitimate concubine and act extravagantly. I will eventually become the internal minister." Punish the barbarians. Although today is flat. When it dies, it is necessary to leave it alone. ?There was great chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty. He surrendered to Li Shimin in Weibei and served as the secretary of the Prince of Qin. He went on many expeditions from the King of Qin to recruit talents and assisted Li Shimin in defeating the heroes and ascending to the throne. Li Shimin praised him for his contribution in strategizing and establishing the country. Together with the other 23 founding heroes of the early Tang Dynasty, he created a portrait of the painting saint Yan and enshrined it in "Lingyan Pavilion". He was a scholar who made contributions and established a career. "The portrait is in Lingyan Pavilion". It is highly praised by literati. Li He, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, lamented in his poem "South Garden":
Why don't men wear Wu hooks? Collect fifty states in Guanshan. Please come to Lingyan Pavilion for a while. How can I be a scholar and a marquis of ten thousand households?
Du Ruhui (585-630)
One of the twenty-four heroes of Lingyan Pavilion
In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty commemorated the He built the Lingyan Pavilion to display the portraits of twenty-four heroes painted by Yan Liben.
A famous prime minister in the early Tang Dynasty in China. The word is Keming.
He was born in Duling, Jingzhao (now southeast of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). From Zu Gao he became an official in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and Sui Dynasty. In the first year of Tang Wude (618), Ruhui was introduced by Li Shimin (see Li Shimin) as an official in the Prince of Qin's Palace. For example, Hui often works in conquests, participates in confidential and military matters, and is very judgmental. He also moved to Daxingtai, Shaanxi Province, and became a doctor, and entered the Literature Museum as his own official, becoming the first of eighteen bachelors. In the fourth year, Li Shimin built Tiance Mansion and appointed Ruhui as a doctor. At that time, the competition for the succession of the throne among Shimin's brothers was very fierce. Prince Jiancheng attempted to eliminate Shimin's wings and undermined Shimin's staff before Tang Emperor Li Yuan. Therefore, Ruhui and Fang Xuanling were both expelled. In the ninth year, he sneaked into the Prince of Qin's palace to plan the Xuanwu Gate revolution, and promoted him to the crown prince Zuo Shuzi based on his merits. When Taizong came to the throne, Hui Hui moved to the Ministry of War as the Minister of War, and was granted the title of Cai Guogong. In the second year of Zhenguan (628), he used his official position to inspect the school and ministers, photographed the Ministry of Personnel, and was still in charge of military affairs in the East Palace. In the third year, he served as the right servant of Shangshu, still in charge of election affairs. He died in March of the fourth year. When Ruhui was the prime minister, it was not long after Tang Xinjian was established. He and Fang Xuanling were in charge of the government together, and the rules and regulations were determined by the two of them. At that time, it was said that Ruhui was good at making judgments and Xuanling was good at planning. The two cooperated tacitly and worked together to assist Taizong. When later generations discussed the good prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty, Fang and Du were the first to be recommended.
During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Fang Xuanling was granted the title of Duke of Liang, and held the posts of Zhongshu Ling, Shangshu Zuopushe, Sikong, etc. He was also the commander-in-chief of a hundred divisions and was in charge of government affairs for 20 years. Participated in the formulation of laws and regulations, which made the laws of the Tang Dynasty looser and more complete than those of the previous dynasty. He established the oldest and most complete feudal criminal code in China, the "Tang Code of Laws", which had a great influence on later generations; supervised the compilation of national history, He edited the Book of Jin in the Twenty-Four Histories; he studied Tang Rites with Wei Zheng; he adjusted political institutions, and his actions by provincial and central officials were the first in Zhenguan's good governance; he was good at employing people, and did not ask for preparations or high status. Appointments are based on talent; abide by responsibilities and do not take credit for oneself. Later generations regarded him and Du Ruhui as examples of good prime ministers. For example, the old Tang Dynasty book praised: "The text contains the latitude and longitude, and the plan is profound and supplementary." Sheng and chime have the same pronunciation, but Fang and Du. Because Xuanling was good at planning and Ruhui was good at making decisions, he was known as Fangmoudujuan in history.
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, was also an accomplished writer. There are 89 of his poems in the entire Tang Dynasty. Linggong seeks talents for the country: Taiye's fairy boat is far away, and Xiyuan attracts talents. It is not yet dawn to collect traffic, and the gate opens early when the rooster crows. He also wrote a poem titled "The clear light hangs in the autumn day" to Fang Xuanling:
The autumn dew is high in the palm of your hand, and the light is green in the morning. The jagged and beautiful double palaces illuminate the entire palace.
The immortal chariot rotates with the wheel, and the spiritual crow flies with its shadow. The light on the waves fixes the color, and there is a round glow when it enters the gap.
Also be a sunflower and a flower, and the fallen leaves depend on each other.
A founding king composed poems for a minister three times, which shows how much he relied on Duke Xuanling.
After the death of Duke Xuanling, he was given the posthumous title Wenzhao and was entitled to the temple of Taizong. Chu Suiliang, a minister of the Tang Dynasty and a famous calligrapher, carved the Xuanling stele for the Xuanling Cemetery in the third year of Yonghui in the Tang Dynasty. The inscription on the stele is more than 2,000 words, and the most famous sentence is:
Daoguang Guardian Chief The vibrating sound of the piano, the flowing sound of the Fang Si Yu Fengxian pipe
When historians of later generations commented on the prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty, they all recommended Fang Xuanling first. They always said: The wise prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty were preceded by Fang Du and followed by Yao and Song Dynasty. . Liu Fang of the Tang Dynasty sighed: "Fang Xuanling assisted Taizong in determining the world, and in his final phase, in thirty-two years, he was known as the Xianxiang in the world." However, there is no trace to be found, and virtue has arrived. Therefore, when Taizong rectified the disaster, Fang Xuanling did not say anything about his merits; Wang Gui and Wei Zheng were good at admonishing, Fang Xuanling praised them; Li Ji and Li Jing were good at generals, and Fang Xuanling followed his own path; so that the capable people in the world could assist Taizong. , Reason leads to peace, goodness returns to the master, and is a true virtuous person! Fang Xuanling is in an important position, but he is not domineering and starts well and ends well. This is why he is known as a virtuous prime minister! ?Liu Fang’s comments were so appropriate that when Sima Guang and Ouyang Xiu later wrote comments about this period of history, they copied the entire text. In the "Praise to the Portraits of Ancients" engraved in the 11th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1498), there is a couplet in the upper left corner of the portrait of Duke Xuanling: "The Assistant Prime Minister Wenhuang ranks first in merit, and the advice he left behind is faithful to the day." . Also a good comment.
Pi Rixiu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was determined to establish fame and assist the king in his early years. He followed the careers of Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui. He wrote Qi Ai Shi. Fang and Du, the two prime ministers of the country, said generously:
I love Fang and Du, the poor and the lowly. Escape from the troubled world and return to heaven with a stick.
He controls the affairs of the world vertically and horizontally. Dirty and invincible talent, upright and unconquered.
The beauty is known as the public minister, and the real prime minister and assistant. Huangge has been in thirty years, and the breeze has lasted forever.
The great achievements are reflected in the history of the country, and the great honor is in the palace of the prince. Therefore, the people of later generations are still influenced by Tao.
I am a young man in Guangdong who has great ambitions and dares to follow the path of those who have gone before. If you can get it right, I am willing to hold the whip straight.
There are "Three Prime Ministers of the Five Dynasties" in the Tang Dynasty: Linzi is descended from Fang Xuanling, Prime Minister Taizong, Luoyang, Henan is descended from Fang Rong, Prime Minister Wu, and his son Fangguan Gong is Prime Minister Xuansu. The Fang family was in great glory at this time. Yanzhou Fang Zhiwen, the Prime Minister of the Later Tang Dynasty, was his seventh generation grandson, and Fanglai (Wang Lai), a great scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty Gaozong Dynasty, was his fifteenth generation grandson.
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There are no two families in the world-----The Fang family in the world originally wanted to come from Qinghe, but the portrait of Duke Xuanling was in Lingyan Pavilion because of his meritorious service, and he was granted the title of Marquis in white, which continued the Qinghe Shize passed down the Lingge family name and left behind an eternal romance. Duke Xuanling is a model that the descendants of the Fang family in the world admire and learn from!