Zhuge Liang (181-October 8, 234), courtesy name Kongming, nicknamed Wolong (also known as Fulong), Han nationality, was born in Yangdu, Langya, Xuzhou (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong), and was a member of the Three Kingdoms During the period, he was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, an outstanding statesman, strategist, essayist, calligrapher, and inventor. He was named Wuxiang Marquis when he was alive, and Zhongwu Marquis after his death. The Eastern Jin Dynasty regime named him Wuxing King because of his military talents.
Zhuge Liang lost his father in his early years. Together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the governor of Yuzhang by Yuan Shu, to Yuzhang. The Eastern Han Dynasty court sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan, so Zhuge Xuan went to join his old friend Liu Biao, the pastor of Jingzhou. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in the countryside and farmed. He loved to recite the Yuefu song "Liang Fu Yin" throughout his life.
"Three Kingdoms" describes him as eight feet tall, often comparing himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, and being friends with Boling Cui Zhouping and Yingchuan Xu Shu. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" describes Zhuge Liang: eight feet long, with a face like a crown jade, wearing a silk scarf on his head, and a crane cloak, and he looks like a god.
In 206 AD, Xu Shu was favored by Liu Bei who was stationed in Xinye. Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. After three visits to the thatched cottage, Zhuge Liang formulated a strategy for Liu Bei to divide the world. From then on, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang had a close relationship.
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" describes Zhuge Liang's quarreling with Confucian scholars in Soochow, borrowing arrows from a straw boat, and worshiping the wind at the Seven-Star Altar, which makes the flying flames in Red Cliff even more legendary.
After Cao Cao's defeat in the Battle of Chibi, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei in occupying the Jingzhou counties south of the Yangtze River. Zhuge Liang was appointed as Military Advisor Zhonglang General to oversee the counties of Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha. The plot description of Zhuge Liang's "Three Qi Zhou Yu" in the novel also vividly depicts Zhuge Liang's extraordinary wisdom.
Process:
1. In 211 AD, Liu Zhang of Yizhou sent Fa Zheng to welcome Liu Bei into Sichuan to attack Zhang Lu of Hanzhong, while Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou. When Liu Bei returned from Jiameng, he attacked Liu Zhang. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and other generals led their troops up the river, pacified the counties separately, and surrounded Chengdu with Liu Bei. After pacifying Chengdu, Zhuge Liang was named Military Advisor General and acted as the agent for General Zuo's affairs.
2. In 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor after Zhuge Liang persuaded him and appointed Zhuge Liang as prime minister.
3. After Zhang Fei died in 221 AD, Zhuge Liang also served as Sili Xiaowei.
4. In 223 AD, Liu Bei was critically ill in Yong'an and summoned Zhuge Liang to take care of his affairs. He left an edict to warn Liu Chan: "When you work with the prime minister, you will do things just like your father."
5. In 223 AD, Zhuge Liang was named the Marquis of Wuxiang and concurrently served as the shepherd of Yizhou.
6. In 225 AD, Zhuge Liang "crossed Lu in May" and led his troops on a southern expedition. In the autumn of the same year, he "went deep into the barren area" and put down the rebellion in the southern counties. In the novel, it is the plot of Zhuge Liang's "Seven Captures of Meng Huo". "The south has been settled, and the army and armor are sufficient", so Zhuge Liang "organized the army and taught martial arts in advance of the big move."
7. In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang sent a memorial to Liu Chan, and that memorial was the famous "Chu Shi Biao". Zhuge Liang led various armies northward and stationed in Hanzhong.
8. In the spring of 228 AD, Zhuge Liang sent Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi as suspected soldiers to guard Jigu, and led his own troops to attack Qishan.
9. In the winter of 228 AD, Zhuge Liang sent troops to disperse the pass and besiege Chencang. Wei sent the governor Cao Zhen to resist. Zhuge Liang ran out of food and supplies. On the way to be forced to retreat, he defeated the Wei army and killed Wei General Wang Shuang. .
10. In 229 AD, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to pacify Wudu and Yinping and restore the position of prime minister.
11. In 231 AD, Zhuge Liang sent troops to Qishan again, using wooden oxen and flowing horses to transport military supplies. When he ran out of food and grass, he retreated, fought with Wei general Zhang He, and shot Zhang He to death.
12. In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led his army north from Xiegu Road and defended Wuzhangyuan in Wugong County, confronting Sima Yi on the south bank of the Weishui River. Shu and Wei were in a stalemate for more than a hundred days.
13. In August 234 AD, Zhuge Liang died in the military camp at the age of 54. Zhuge Liang left a will and buried him in Dingjun Mountain. Liu Chan posthumously presented the seal ribbon to Prime Minister Zhuge Liang as Marquis of Wuxiang, and was given the posthumous title of "Hou Zhongwu".
After Zhuge Liang's death, there was only 800 mulberry trees and 15 hectares of thin fields in Chengdu. Zhuge Liang was good at thinking and planning throughout his life. He improved the repeating crossbow, made the wooden ox and the flowing horse, deduced the art of war, and created the famous eight formation diagram. No wonder Du Fu once said in a poem: "The three kingdoms are divided by their merits, and they are called the Eight Formations."
Extended information:
Main achievements
1. Main works:
Zhuge Liang's representative prose works include "The Master" and "The Book of Commandments" wait. He invented the wooden cow and flowing horse, the Kongming lantern, etc., and modified the repeating crossbow, called the Zhuge repeating crossbow, which can fire ten arrows with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang "dedicated his life to death" and was a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in traditional Chinese culture.
2. Construction of clean government:
Created a political atmosphere of honesty and integrity among the upper class of the Shu Han Dynasty. Shu officials followed Zhuge Liang as an example, were frugal in their official duties, and refrained from luxury, creating a whole The era of clean government.
3. Formulate laws:
When Ge Liang first entered Shu, he worked with Fazheng, Liu Ba, Li Yan, Yi Ji and others to add or delete the old Qin and Han laws, *** At the same time, the Shu Ke code was formulated. In addition, he personally drafted dozens of various laws and regulations, including the "Eight Affairs", "Seven Precepts", "Six Fears", "Five Fears" and other regulations.
4. Economy:
During his stay in Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang took advantage of the economic conditions in Hanzhong and adopted a series of effective measures to develop production according to local conditions, so that the military resources of the Northern Expedition Basically it was solved on the spot. After Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu Han army retreated, and the Wei army also "obtained a lot of books, grain and cereals from him" in the Shu camp. The vast and sparsely populated Hanzhong will be redeveloped and gradually achieve a virtuous cycle of more people and more food, so that the people can "live in peace and enjoy their jobs."
5. Thoughts on running an army
Zhuge Liang was good at running an army. Chen Shou once mentioned in "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, the Chronicles of Shu, and the Biography of Zhuge Liang" that Zhuge Liang "ruled the army to achieve success." Zhuge Liang also personally said in his article "On Recommending Liu Ba": "I am not as far away as Zi Chuyuan when planning strategies among the curtains and curtains! If you carry the drum and gather the army gate to make the people happy and brave, you should be the ear of others for discussion." "It can be seen that Zhuge Liang is good at running the army.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhuge Liang
People's Daily Online - Shandong historical and cultural celebrity: Zhuge Liang