Zhili Governor's Office, located in the bustling downtown area of Baoding City, Hebei Province, is easy to find along the signs when entering the city. Opposite is the famous Governor's Square, where large-scale activities are held from time to time, which is very prosperous. It is also the only well-preserved office building of the provincial capital of Qing Dynasty in China.
Zhili, named after its direct subordination to the capital. The original building of Baoding Zhili Governor's Office was built in Yuan Dynasty, and it was officially opened after a large-scale expansion in the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1730). The Ministry experienced eight emperors, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuantong, with a history of 180 years, and was not abolished until the abdication of the Qing emperor.
Zhili Province, established in the early Qing Dynasty, covers Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and parts of Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. The governor of Zhili has a prominent position, integrating military and political affairs, salt, river and Beiyang ministers, and his power has greatly exceeded the scope of Zhili.
There were many official buildings in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which were usually influenced by the Forbidden City. The main buildings are distributed on the north-south axis according to the pattern of front hall and back bedroom, and there are symmetrical auxiliary buildings on the east and west sides, which together constitute a typical official architectural pattern. Zhili Governor's Office is about130m long from east to west and 220m deep from north to south. The building complex is divided into east, middle and west roads by two north-south roads, and the main building is in the middle road. Its total area is about 30,000 square meters. All houses are blue bricks and tiles, and the columns are black. Although their corridor was painted, there was no luxurious decoration, and the whole building complex was simple, beautiful and seamless. In this respect, it is very similar to the Forbidden City in Beijing, and it is also the place where the royal family lives and sleeps.
The black three-bay gate of the Governor's Mansion faces south and sits on a platform with a height of 1 meter. There is a plaque hanging in the middle of the gate, which reads "Zhili Governor's Office". Two symmetrical flagpoles in front of the door, each about 35 meters high, are the oldest flagpoles in China. There are dozens of stout juniper trees in the hospital, which are over 460 years old. Every winter, hundreds of owls inhabit it, and "Cooper Owl" becomes a scene in Official's Son.
There are five rooms in the lobby of the Governor's Office, which are 22 meters long, 10 meters deep and 9 meters high. It is the main building of the governor's office. There are three buildings in front of the hall, and there is a brick terrace 13m square outside the hall. The lobby with black oil decoration as the keynote is solemn. There is a screen with red-crowned cranes, tides and the rising sun in the middle, symbolizing a civil servant. This hall is the place where important celebrations are held. The stone ring square opposite is a wooden archway with four pillars and three roofs. The three characters of "Gong Shengming" on the red background of Nanshu; There is an official motto written by Huang Tingjian, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, in the Book of the North: "Those who are paid will be rewarded by the people, and it will be easy for the people to abuse them, but it will be difficult for heaven to bully them." The governor promoted the director of the church and looked up at this proverb as a warning.
Like other yamen, Zhili Governor's Office is also a pattern of "front hall and back bedroom". Tang San, also known as the official residence, is the governor's research and signing room. After crossing the middle hall, you can enter the fourth hall. The fourth hall, also known as the building, is the residence of the governor and his family.
Zhili Governor's Office has rich historical connotations and is called "a governor's office, half of which is a portrayal of Qing history". As a military and political center in Zhili, successive governors have handled countless government affairs here, including achievements in promoting agriculture and water control, inspecting officials and protecting the people, and bad acts of taking bribes and perverting the law, suppressing peasant uprisings and selling sovereign dignity.
1900, the allied forces of Britain, France, Germany and Italy invaded Baoding, and Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili, instructed to treat people with courtesy. The invading army burned, killed and looted. 165438+1October 6th, the invading army headed by British Major General Gaselee sat in the middle of the Governor General's Mansion, tied Zhili Governor Ding Yong and others, knelt in the lobby and beheaded them. This is the only "trial" in the history of Baoding Zhili Governor's Office, but it left a shameful page.
Li Hongzhang's right-hand man Yuan Shikai has been in power for more than ten years. He started by training a new army and later became a traitor. When Japanese imperialism invaded China, from 1939 to 1945, the Japanese puppet Hebei provincial government was stationed in the agency, and it suffered national humiliation again.
From 65438 to 0988, Baoding Zhili Governor's Office was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council, and now it has been turned into a museum, which has become a base for educating Chinese people about the modern history of China and patriotism.