The three old mothers refer to the Queen Mother of the West, the Mysterious Lady of the Nine Heavens, and the Old Mother of Lishan.
1. The Queen Mother of the West
The Queen Mother of the West In Taoist mythology, the Queen Mother of the West is the head of the female immortals, a goddess who controls the yin energy and cultivates immortality. The Queen Mother of the West was originally a tribal deity outside the Central Plains and had a totem nature. According to the "Book of Mountains and Seas: Great Wilderness Western Classic": "South of the West Sea, on the shore of the quicksand, behind the Chishui River, there is a big mountain called Kunlun Hill. There is a god with a human face and a tiger's body. There are white texts and tails. Beneath it is a deep abyss of weak water, and outside it is a mountain of flaming fire, from which objects are thrown. There is a hoopoe with a tiger's teeth and a leopard's tail, and the cave is called the Queen Mother of the West."
2. Jiutian Xuannv
Jiutian Xuannv was originally a goddess in ancient Chinese mythology who taught the art of war. Later, she was regarded as a high-level female fairy and god of magic in Taoism. Jiutian Xuannv, abbreviated as Xuannv, is commonly known as Jiutian Empress, Xuan Mushi, Jiutian Xuannv Empress, Jiutian Xuannv Tianzun, Jiutian Xuannv Yuannu, Holy Mother Emperor Xuan Mushi. She was originally a goddess who taught the art of war in ancient Chinese mythology. Later, she was regarded as a high-level female immortal and a god of magic in Taoism. It has a lofty and prominent status in folk beliefs.
3. Lishan Old Mother
Lishan Old Mother is the incarnation of the righteousness and wisdom of heaven and earth. She often appears with a mysterious identity when the heaven and earth are changing between good and evil, giving guidance and guidance to people. Teach secrets and Dharma essentials, and help people in distress. "Han Shu·Lü Li Zhi" calls the old mother of Lishan "Lishan Girl" because she lives in the Lishan area: "King Shou said that Huayi would be the emperor on behalf of Yu, and Lishan Girl was also the emperor. In Yin, During the Zhou Dynasty, none of them conformed to the classics. "Lishan Girl was also the emperor, so she was regarded as a fairy and respected as an old mother."
Three Caosheng calligraphers
1. Zhang Xu (about 675-about 750), named Bogao and Jiming, Han nationality, Wuxian County (today's Tang Dynasty) A native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, he was alive at the time of Kaiyuan and Tianbao. He once served as the county captain of Changshu and had a long history in Jinwu.
2. Zhang Zhi’s birth date is unknown, and he died in the third year of Emperor Xian’s reign of the Han Dynasty (about 192 AD). His courtesy name was Boying, Han nationality, Yuanquan County, Dunhuang County (now part of Guazhou County, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province) Ren, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is known as the "ancestor of cursive script" and his calligraphy is known as "one-stroke script". The son of Zhang Huan, one of the great ministers of Sanming in Liangzhou, he was born into an official family.
3. Huaisu (737-799), whose common surname was Qian and whose courtesy name was Zangzhen, was from Lingling, Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan).