Western writing is also very aesthetic, and calligraphy is also a symbol of cultural accomplishment. The hero in Dostoevsky's Idiot eats with good words. However, in the west, calligraphy is usually not viewed and appreciated as an independent visual art, and they prefer to regard words as the carrier of semantics. So strictly speaking, many languages of Latin have no independent calligraphy art. But Arabic is different. Arabic-speaking countries attach great importance to calligraphy and regard calligraphy as an independent and lofty art form like China people. In addition, because the Japanese learn from Han Shu, Japanese pen name writing has also been brought into the calligraphy system (pen name itself is often regarded as the radical evolution of Chinese characters), which is not Chinese calligraphy but related to Chinese characters.
So of course, not only Chinese characters can be used for calligraphy.