yunmen temple was founded in the third year of Jin Yixi (47). According to historical records, Wang Xianzhi, a great calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty, lived in seclusion here. One night, colorful auspicious clouds suddenly appeared on his roof. Wang Xianzhi reported the matter to the Emperor, and Emperor Jin 'an wrote a letter to rebuild it into a temple, called "yunmen temple", and the stone bridge in front of him was named "Wuyun Bridge". Ming Wanli's Records of the Meeting (Volume 16) Yuan Yu Ji wrote "yunmen temple Ji", which says, "The temple-written book made Wang Xianzhi's old house. In the third year of Emperor Yi Xi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (47), there were five-color clouds on it, and the story of Emperor An was known as the Cloud Gate. " Yunmen temple used to be very large. According to the records of the local government records and the maps drawn, there are several stone archways such as "Yunmen Ancient Temple" and "Yunmen in Li Zhuo" in Gukou, Yunmen Mountain, and there are famous "Distinguishing Tales Tower" and "Li Sentence Pavilion" beside the roads. The Distinguishing Tales Tower was built by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, and there are poems praising Yunmen left by poets of past dynasties in the beautiful pavilion. Yunmen temple * * * Five Enters: Shanmen, Weituo Hall, Daxiong Hall, Fatang Hall and Zen Hall. In addition to the main temple, there are other sub-temples, such as Kanjing Academy, Shaoshi Teachers College (Qiantang) and Guangfuyuan. Later, these sub-temples also became temples independently, which were called Xiansheng Temple, Yongxi Temple and Shousheng Temple. In fact, there are many temples nearby, and "Cloud Gate" is just a general term. According to Lu You's yunmen temple Shousheng Courtyard, "yunmen temple has been famous all over the world since the Jin and Tang Dynasties. When the old man said that he was prosperous in the past, he saw mountains and streams, towers and towers were repeated, and the rocks crossed the valleys, and the golden flowers flew ... Visitors were tired all over the place, and they were often lost. " Ming Wanli's "Hui Ji Zhi" has been published for sixteen years: "There are six temples in Yunmen today: Guangxiao, where the eunuchs live; Go to the temple and say Guangfu; Look at the scholastics and show the saints; Bored and excited, the courtyard is early and happy; West is called Puji; In the south, Mingjue has its own scenic spots. " It serves to show the grand occasion at that time.
"The Ten Peaks swim to the ancient times, and the road into the cloud gate is as steep as a ladder. Delicate gradually divided into Qin Wangling, and the cold sound still entered Ruoyexi. " As a temple jungle with beautiful nymphs and quiet environment, yunmen temple has especially become the object of landscape appreciation by literati of past dynasties. Xiao Yi, Wang Bo, Song Zhiwen, Qian Qi, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Cui Hao, Sun Yi, Li Bao, Fan Zhongyan, Lu You, Li Misun, Yu Ji, Jin Juan, Liu Ji and Wang Siren all left their immortal poems here. Yunmen temple is also the most famous calligraphy resort in Shaoxing except Lanting, and many celebrities and anecdotes in the history of China calligraphy are related to it. Yunmen temple's predecessor was Wang Xianzhi's old house, and it was said that Wang Xianzhi lived in seclusion and practiced calligraphy. "The best running script in the world" Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Tie" was also preserved in yunmen temple for a long time. Sun Zhiyong, the seventh generation of Wang Xizhi, and his nephew Hui Xin once became monks here. Both uncles and nephews were calligraphers and were highly respected by Liang Wudi, so yunmen temple was once renamed as "Yongxin Temple". Zhiyong has two apprentices, one is Zhiguo and the other is Bian Cai, both of whom are descendants of his calligraphy. Wisdom is better than blue. Emperor Yangdi once said to Zhiyong: "Monks (meaning Zhiyong) get the meat of the right army, and wisdom gets the bone of the right army." At that time, there were many people asking for books, and households were limited to wear them. Behind Zhiyong, the original "Lanting Tie", a family heirloom of Wang's, was collected by Bian Cai, and the result was earned in this yunmen temple by Xiao Yi, the imperial adviser sent by Emperor Taizong. On the third day of March in the second year of Tang Gaozong's reign (675), Wang Bo, the first of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, presided over a repair activity in yunmen temple, imitating Wang Xizhi's Lanting elegant collection, and also wrote a Preface to the Repair, in which the narrative part wrote: "In March of the next spring, the repair was also done in the mountain pavilion that was dedicated." The scenery is lingering, and I am fascinated by the suburbs. Pieces of fairy clouds are far and near, born in thin forests. Weeds will grow, not just Taoxi. Late birds fly about, and there is a valley of warblers. Wang Sunchun grass is green everywhere. Zhongtong Fangyuan, every family is green. " In yunmen temple, there were many buildings and facilities related to the above-mentioned personnel, such as the mountain pavilion for offering, the pen storehouse for offering, the iron threshold for Zhiyong, the pen tomb for retiring Zhiyong, the talent-discriminating tower and the Yunmen Caotang where Lu You studied when he was young, etc. Unfortunately, all of them have long been turned into historical relics with the fall of the whole ancient temple.
yunmen temple has been depressed since the end of the Ming Dynasty, and now there are only one pond in Mochi, one bridge in Wuyun, two wooden buildings in Qing Dynasty and several rooms in the East Wing. The first entrance and the third entrance opened the mountain gate, which was an early building in the Qing Dynasty. Above the lintel, the book "Yunmen Ancient Temple" was written in large letters, and it was also used as Weituo Hall in the Ming Dynasty, which was easy to be used for civilian purposes in the east and west. In the second and third rooms, there is the Hall of Heroes, which was built in the Qing Dynasty. Under the front eaves, there is a horizontal plaque of "Daxiong Hall", with five beams in the Ming Dynasty with a front porch, and the front and rear gold columns are round, and the column foundation is drum-shaped; The structure between the east and the west is a bucket-piercing structure. Between the corridor walls at the northern end of the east wing, there is a tablet titled "Collection of yunmen temple Shu" written by Wang Siren, written by Fan Yunlin, written by Dong Qichang Chen Jiru and written by Dong Xiangmeng in the third year of Ming Chongzhen (163). The monument is Taihu stone and has a rectangular base. The monument is 148 cm high and 82 cm wide. The inscription describes the geographical location of yunmen temple and the process of raising and repairing yunmen temple. This is the confirmation of ancient yunmen temple. Behind the temple, there is a clear spring, which is said to be the "Xiyan Lake" in Wang Xianzhi. The clear water in the pool is like the eyes of an old man in history, flashing with a mysterious look. Around the temple, there are also many abandoned houses, which are the ruins of ancient temples.
Second, the ancestral hall of China Sanlun Sect-Jiaxiang Temple
According to the book Shaoxing Religion edited by Zhu Guanpu and Zhu Yue, Jiaxiang Temple is located at the Guanyin Dou of Chashan Mountain at the foot of Qinwang Mountain in Pingjiang Village, Pingshui Town, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. It faces Ruoye Mountain in the east, and Ruoye River flows northward between the two mountains. According to Buddhist historical records, Jiaxiang Temple was originally built between the first year of Ningkang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (373) and the third year of Taiyuan in the Jin Dynasty (378). General Wei Hui, the guardian (civil history) of the county, built Jiaxiang Temple in order to welcome Zhu Daoyi, a monk. At that time, Zhu Daoyi, a monk, went from Huqiu in Pingjiang (now Suzhou) to Ruoyexi at the foot of Qin Wang Mountain in Shandong Province, and met the monk Bo Daoyu (abbot of yunmen temple) in the forest, so he indulged himself in the dust and entertained himself with scriptures. Wang Hui longed for the lofty morality of Taoism, especially created Jiaxiang Temple, and invited it to be the first monk. According to "Buddhism in China", during his stay in Jiaxiang Temple, Zhu Daoyi took six objects and left them in the temple, making thousands of Buddha statues, which were made with a thin copper plate hammer, and the art of sculpture also made a breakthrough, so he was praised by all walks of life at that time. Zhu Daoyi studied Buddhism intensively, learned extensively both at home and abroad, and practiced strict laws. Therefore, monks and nuns from all over the world, with virtues from all directions, were attached to counseling, and were called "Kyushu Tsuina" at that time. At this time, Buddhism's Prajnaparamita is quite prosperous, and there are six schools and seven sects, and Zhu Daoyi is the representative of the "unreal Sect".
Jiaxiang Temple in Yuezhou has fallen since Zhu Daoyi. In the past 5 years, eminent monks have come one after another, and masters have arrived, and the Dharma market has flourished and Buddhism has flourished. At the beginning of Yixi (45-418) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Hui Qian, a monk, came from the east of Lushan Mountain and studied in wuyue, where he lived in Jiaxiang Temple. Being pious and self-denying, guiding things, suffering and leading people, all the new classics are written and talked about. After five years of involvement, he died in the temple. During Ming Di's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty (465-471), Chang 'an monk Tanji was good at Fa Hua and Pi Tan, and he traveled to Ji, so he stayed in Jiaxiang Temple in Wang Kun. During the Southern Liang Dynasty (53-557), Hui Jiao, a famous Buddhist historian, lived in Jiaxiang Temple for more than 3 years. Hui Jiao, a native of Shangyu, learned both inside and outside, studied extensively the laws of classics, and published works in spring and summer, autumn and winter. He wrote Nirvana Yishu, etc., and became a book "Biography of Eminent Monks", which became a masterpiece of China Buddhism in the history department.
Third, the Buddhist holy land-Tianyi Hokkeji
Tianyi Temple, formerly known as Hokkeji, is located at the northwest foot of Qinwang Mountain, about 2 kilometers south of Shaoxing City. Hokkeji was founded by Tan Yi, a monk, in the 12th year of East Jin Yixi (416). Tan Yi, a native of Yuhang, became a monk at the age of seven and shaved at the age of sixteen. He began to enter Lushan Mountain, and later worshipped Guanzhong to release Luo Shi as a teacher. In the twelfth year, Yixi traveled to Huiji Mountain with Shaman Tanxue, and saw the north of Qin Wang Shanxi, where five mountains are connected and ten peaks are numerous. The two Qingxi streams in the south and west are like two jade belts. Surrounded by mountains, they are one, full of weather, fantastic spirits, empty forests and valleys, pine shoots and melodies, and the peaks compete for green valleys and smoke. With such a scenic spot, Tanyi decided to tie the knot in Mao 'an, recite Hokkekyo and stay here for a long time.
After practicing Tanyi here for 12 years, it is said that at that time, Bodhisattva Samantabhadra turned into a beautiful woman and came to test Tanyi. Tanyi was unmoved by women's beauty. Bodhisattva Samantabhadra observed its sincere Buddhism and said that it was the moon in the water, so it should not be polluted. Therefore, Pu Xian did it, and it rained cats and dogs for a while. Soon after the rain stopped, auspicious clouds shone brightly, shining on the earth, and the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra appeared in the clouds, causing a sensation in the ruling and opposition circles. At that time, Meng Yi was made to appear in court in Huiji, requesting the construction of Hokkeji. Later, with the full support of Meng Ai and Fuchun billionaire Chen Zai, Tanyi built a temple named "Hokkeji". Tanyi specializes in Hokkekyo in the temple, eating vegetables and drinking water, and practicing it carefully for more than 3 years.
When he arrived in the Southern Liang Dynasty, Zen master Hui Ju lived in seclusion and practiced in Hokkeji. Liang Wudi (52-519) recruited Hui Ju as a national teacher, but Hui Ju refused to follow. At that time, Xiao Tong, the Prince of Zhaoming, saw that his heart was strong, and he specially gave him a gold-wisped Mulan cassock. There are four treasures in Yeshi Temple in Liang Wudi: twelve avalokitesvara with tan wings and red sandalwood; There are a pair of red silver algae bottles; There is a pair of red glass bowls; There is also a bronze statue of Weiwei Buddha, plus the robes and five treasures given by the prince, which are hidden in the temple and later presented in the west preface of the main hall. (According to Song Jiatai's "Records of the Meeting", five treasures are "present". ） )5TX3#=; (G
Among the five treasures, the Buddha statue of Weiwei was originally cast by King Ashoka of the Western Regions. The fourth daughter of Ashoka in the Western Regions was ugly, and Ashoka hoped that she would be correct and beautiful. She cast 49 statues of her with gold and copper, wearing a headdress and a lotus flower, which spread all over the world and planted blessings for all beings in the world. This Buddha statue crossed the ocean and was introduced to China. Liang Wudi applied it to Hokkeji. Hokkeji was renamed Tianyi Temple because the son of heaven gave treasures and the prince gave clothes. (Different from later legends)
During Huichang period of Tang Dynasty (841-846), Tang Wuzong ascended the throne, and at the instigation of Taoist Li Guizhen, he issued a "Saman Killing Order", abolishing temples, burning statues, confiscating property, and many monks in temples died as martyrs. The country seized tens of millions of hectares of temple land; There are more than 26, monks and nuns; Destroyed more than 4,6 famous temples. The world is called "Huichang law is difficult." In this movement, tianyi temple was not spared, and the Buddha destroyed the temple and was completely defeated.
Six years later, when Tang Wuzong died, Xuanzong ascended the throne (847-859) to revive Buddhism and rebuild temples, and Tianyi Temple was also rebuilt. During the reconstruction, Hokkeji was officially changed to Tianyi Temple. At the same time, ten peaks were expanded behind the main hall, and the names of the halls were named after the ten peaks around the temple: 1. Fahua, 2. Clothes bowl, 3. Cuiji, 4. Chaoyang, 5. Yunmen, 6. Relying on Qin, 7. Tiannv, 8. Whistling ape, 9. Qiyun, 1. Yueling. In front of the Ten Peaks Hall, there is a book "The Preface of Hokkeji Monument in Qinwangshan, Datang" written by Li Yong, the secretariat of the state (now Yongjia) in the 23rd year of Tang Kaiyuan (736). According to the monument, Tanyi entered Zen Wisdom in his early years, and he was especially familiar with Buddhism. He traveled to Qinwang Mountain with Saman Tanxue, and in the northwest of Tanyi, he made a camp in Lan Ruo, specializing in Fa Hua and so on. This monument became a broken stone in the "Huichang Fa Nan" and was rebuilt. There are many poets who set foot in Tianyi Temple (Hokkeji) in the Tang Dynasty: Song Zhiwen, Yan Wei, Huang Ranran, Liu Changqing, Yu Liangshi, Bai Juyi, Li Shen, Yuan Zhen, Xue Ji, Luo Yin, Fang Gan, Wu Rong, Sheng Jiaoran, Qi Wuqian, etc. All of them have poems that are endowed with temples. In the Song Dynasty, Master Hai Hui had: Poems on Ten Peaks of Tianyi, with Qian Yi as the preface.
In the first year of Song Xuanhe (1119-1125), the emperor issued an imperial edict to change monks into virtuous men (that is, Taoists) and temples into Taoist temples. The bronze Buddha has a ten-day deadline to be imported into the government. Probably this order was not popular, and the ministers had different opinions, which caused unrest. The emperor also ordered the restoration of the temple and ordered the bronze Buddha to avoid losing the government, so the Weiwei bronze Buddha statue in Tianyi Temple has been strictly served in the temple.
4. Ruoyexi