Zhuge Liang likes holding a goose feather fan. Feather fan nylon scarf, very elegant. Shake the fan gently and you'll get the hang of it. Because Zhuge Liang likes to use fans, many counselors and aides also like to use fans, which once became a symbol of elegance and wisdom.
Since ancient times, the image orientation of literati is "feather fan nylon towel", and fans naturally become the fifth treasure outside Four Treasures of the Study. However, as you know, the function of this fan is not only to enjoy the cool, but also to show the identity of literati. In fact, its role of "picking up girls" is really amazing. In ancient times, the people who liked to use fans most were actually scholars, especially scholars like Tang Bohu and Zheng Banqiao who had a little knowledge of calligraphy, painting and writing. They like dancing and writing to show elegance. I also like to exchange silk handkerchief and sweat lapels with ladies in the boudoir with inscribed fans as tokens of love. Therefore, in the hands of ancient literati, fans are more like a flirt.
In the Qing Dynasty, Ji Xiaolan often shook his fan and recited poems in pairs, as if a fan shook it and gave birth to a punch line. Ironically, in order to show off their fans, many literati often hold fans regardless of season, so many people wear winter clothes and shake their fans in summer.
Fans can also be used as weapons in some novels and romance novels. Jin Yong and Gu Long often appear in their martial arts novels. Princess Iron Fan's banana fan can make tornadoes, but the Monkey King can't. It can also put out fires. According to research, Princess Iron Fan's fan is the earliest fire extinguisher in the world. Jigong also has a fan, a cattail leaf fan, which is broken. In Jigong's hand, this cattail leaf fan is like a banana fan of Princess Iron Fan, which is not used for summer, but a powerful musical instrument that can keep the enemy away from thousands of miles away.
If you watch some TV dramas carefully, you may find that traitors and landlords' shopkeepers also like to use fans and put them behind their necks. These people love folding fans, made of bamboo bones and oiled paper. But it seems that they seldom use it to fan the wind, but it looks like one of their artificial tails. It's just that this tail doesn't grow on the ass, but on the back of the neck, which is ridiculous.
Ladies and gentlemen in ancient times also liked fans. They like to use silk gongshan, Wanshan and Fan Luo (collectively called round fans). Most of them are full moon shapes. It's better to smell of camphor wood or sandalwood. Yang Guifei in the Beijing Opera "The Drunk Princess" loves to use a fan, but it is a folding fan with a silk face and bamboo bones with a large group of peony flowers on it. The imperial concubine likes to hold a big folding fan. I think it's because she is too big and plump, and needs a big fan to absorb the wind and dissipate heat. Why not use a cattail leaf fan? Pufan is too old-fashioned for her, Sigong Mountain is too delicate, and the wind is too small to solve her desire for the wind. Of course, most young ladies cover their faces with fans and smile to highlight their beauty.
At present, there are four kinds of people who like to hold fans most, one is a storyteller and the other is a cross talk. Tian Lianyuan Degang Guo, for example, once he shows off his mouth on the stage, he will hold a folding fan. Not a fan, but a prop. Equivalent to the awakening wood used by artists on the stage in the past. The third is playing chess. I often see Nie Weiping, Ma and a folding fan playing chess on TV. Turn on the fan occasionally. The same is true in winter. They seem to be learning from Zhuge Liang, thinking that fans can help them think. Fourth, literati, painters and calligraphers are naturally imitating the ancients, Tang Yin and Zhu Da.
The Origin and Development of Fans
Fans originated in China and have a history of more than 3,000 years in China.
The earliest fan was called "nameless fan", and it is said that it was made by Yu Shun. Cui Bao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Costumes in Jin Dynasty: "Five Ming Fan was made by Shun. Influenced by Yao Chan, he opened his eyes, sought help from others, and pretended to be brilliant. Qin, Han Gongqing and scholar-officials all need it. Of course, if there is no archaeological basis, it can only be regarded as legend.
The earliest prototype appeared in the Yin Dynasty, and the fan was first called "Hou". More than 3000 years ago, it was not used to enjoy the cool, but a etiquette tool. It is a shelter from the sun, wind and sand when the emperor goes out to inspect.
After the Western Han Dynasty, fans began to enjoy the cool.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang gently shook the goose feather fan, and his clever plan came into being. The wind of the feather fan is slow and soft, which is not reasonable.
When fans are associated with literati, poems and paintings will appear on fans for the first time in the Three Kingdoms. According to Zhang Yanyuan's Records of Famous Paintings in the Past Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty, there is a story about Cao Mengde's main book Yang Xiu and Wei Taizu's "painting fans became flies". There is a story in Wang Jinxi's Zhi that Wang Xizhi wrote a fan to an old woman. At that time, there was an "old mother" who "asked Wang Xizhi for a book with a hexagonal bamboo fan" and "Xizhi was a five-character book". When she sold it, it rose from twelve to one hundred. Today, there is a "Fan Bridge" in the south of Jishan, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, which is said to be Wang Xizhi's Fan House. The folding fan appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was extremely convenient to carry. Folding fan is also called "gathering head fan", "spreading fan" and "gathering bone fan". Its fan bones are made of precious materials such as horn, tortoise shell, ivory, jade, torreya grandis, sandalwood and so on. The forms are Qin-style, Ruyi-style, Bamboo-style and Grasshopper-eye-style. Fan bones are divided into seven, nine, twelve, fourteen, sixteen and eighteen strands.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, feather fans were mostly made of silk, silk, silk and other fabrics to decorate embroidery. A moon-shaped fan is called "Wan Fan" or "Tuan Fan", also called "Acacia Fan". At that time, fans were rectangular, sunflower-shaped, plum-shaped, hexagonal and round; There are also handles made of wood, bamboo and bone; There are also fan pendants, tassels and jade ornaments. Landscape flowers are often embroidered on the fan, with different styles. The boudoir ladies hand-cranked round fans, and the breeze is Xu Lai, which can not only add the elegant and quiet manners of the host, but also reflect the innocent and lively personality of women.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, painting fans, selling fans and Tibetan fans prevailed, and fan shops and art dealers appeared.
It became a fashion for literati to write fan paintings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Modern Yun, Jin Nong, Shi Tao, Ren Bonian, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian, Xu Beihong, Fu Baoshi, Li Keran, etc. They are all masters of fan painting At present, the value of each work of these famous calligraphy painters is as high as tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of yuan.
The types of fans are feather fan, cattail fan, pheasant fan, round fan, folding fan, silk bow fan, mud fan, black paper fan, sandalwood fan and so on. The manufacturing techniques of fans listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list include sandalwood fan in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Wangxingji fan in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, folding fan in Rongchang, Chongqing, Gong Fan in Zigong, Sichuan, sunflower fan in Xinhui, Guangdong and feather fan in Huzhou. There are juniper fans and bat fans in Japan.