Mencius said: "People are happy when they are happy; People have their worries, and people have their worries. Happiness is in the world, worry is in the world, not the king, nothing. "
What does it say here that "happiness is the world, and sorrow is the world"? L comes from people-oriented thinking. Fan Zhongyan developed it into the viewpoint of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", and treated the advancement and retreat of his official career as a principle, showing his broad-minded mind and lofty ambition.
The spirit of suffering before pleasure advocated by him still has reference and educational significance today. The author skillfully uses the way of asking questions to advance step by step, and finally points out the epigram.
First, ask questions in a comparative way, and explain the connotation of "the heart of an ancient man with benevolence" with "if you don't like things, you will worry about your husband", which shows the broad mind and noble moral sentiment of "an ancient man with benevolence". From this, we can draw the conclusion that "we are worried when we advance, and we are worried when we retreat". Highlighting the word "worry" naturally leads to the second question "When to be happy", which makes the article by going up one flight of stairs.
I was deeply impressed by the epigrams that appeared after asking questions. Ouyang Xiu was a famous essayist and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Mention him, and you won't forget his drunken pavilion. By describing the beautiful natural environment and harmonious social atmosphere, he implicitly and euphemistically expressed his special mood after being demoted.
In this essay, there are descriptions of scenery, descriptions of personnel and expressions of emotions, all of which vividly show Ouyang Xiu's special feelings at that time. With the description of the scenery in the article, we see a leisurely and happy world: "The Chu River is surrounded by mountains, and the peaks in the southwest are beautiful, and those who look deep are beautiful."
Six or seven miles up the mountain, I gradually heard the sound of water gurgling, overflowing the spring between the two peaks. When the peak turns, there are pavilion wings on the spring, and the pavilion is also drunk. "
There are no rugged rocks and cliffs in the mountains here, and the water here is not breathtaking. The mountains are undulating, lush, deep and beautiful, quietly extending around; Water, like a winding silver belt, gurgles down, melodious and beautiful; There is also a pavilion, the corner of which is inclined, like a bird, flying quietly by the thin water. What a soft and quiet scenery.
The description at the beginning of Zuiwengting brings us to a beautiful environment and produces a pleasant feeling. The same is true of another scene: "If the husband is in the forest at sunrise, the clouds will return to the cave, and the benevolent will be in the mountains."
If the wild fragrance, the beautiful wood shade, the wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water comes out, it is also in the mountains at four o'clock. "Here, I wrote about the light fog floating in the morning, the smoke clouds gathered in the evening, the fragrant wild flowers in spring, the green trees in summer, the frost in autumn and the bare stones in winter.
Everything is so quiet and simple, elegant and natural. This is a description of the scenery in prose. Let's look at the description of personnel in the prose: "The satrap and the guests come here to drink, and they get drunk with less, so they call themselves alcoholics."
"As for the loser who sings on the road, the walker rests on the tree, the former calls, the latter answers, lowers his head, supports, never stops, and the Chuhe people swim. Fishing near the stream, deep fish fat in the stream, spring wine making, spring fragrant wine bottles; The pheasant is just a predecessor and a satrap feast.
The joy of a feast is not silk or bamboo. Among shooters, players win, money is intertwined, those who sit up and make noise are all white-haired, and those who are humble are too defensive and drunk. ""Yes, the sunset is on the mountain, the figure is scattered, the satrap returns, and the guests follow. "
It describes not vigorous social events, nor extraordinary heroic acts, but relatively ordinary social life and personal life, without contradictions and conflicts. Prose describes the daily life of the people and the fragments of the old satrap's life, showing a scene of leisure, happiness, tranquility and peace. The author feels infinite happiness, can't help but feel relaxed and happy, and forgets all the honors and disgraces in the world, so that he forgets "drink less and get drunk" and drinks as much as he can.
As a result, the surrounding songs filled the air, people sat up and quarreled, but he was "depressed" and couldn't get drunk. This was the highest state of happiness. Ouyang Xiu expressed his inner feelings through the description of scenery and the narration of personnel.
His sincere feelings melted into the scenery and events, which made the article more affectionate: "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers." "The joy of mountains and rivers, there must be wine."
"... the tourists went and the birds were happy. However, birds know the joy of mountains, but they don't know the joy of people; People know the pleasure of swimming from the satrap, but I don't know that the pleasure of the satrap is also fun. "
This is the relief of a person who has experienced vicissitudes and has been bumpy in his career for decades. From the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030), Ouyang Xiu, who was only 23 years old, began his political career. Back and forth, he tried his best to actively assist Fan Zhongyan in reforming his internal affairs. Finally, he was rejected by evil spirits and demoted by officials.
His ideal could not be realized, but after being demoted to Chuzhou, he achieved gratifying results, which was a comfortable enjoyment for Ouyang Xiu, who was busy and tired! The happy life of Chuzhou people gave him great comfort, and the scenery in front of him brought him into a quiet realm. He was intoxicated, but not by wine, but by beautiful scenery and quiet life. Here, birds are happy because of the mountains, people are happy because of the travel of the satrap, and the satrap is happy because of the happiness of the people. He has a beautiful environment, pleasant body and mind, comfortable and carefree, and can't help getting drunk.
Ouyang Xiu was pale and white-haired, sitting in the crowd with his eyes closed slightly. The scenery in front of us is beautiful and people are very happy. Ouyang Xiu was also enveloped and intoxicated by this harmonious atmosphere. Ouyang Xiu claimed that "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine", and he was broad-minded and self-released, getting rid of the ups and downs of the official sea and the disturbance of the world. In this landscape far away from the city, he immersed his mind in a leisurely and quiet situation and gained a sense of balance and harmony.
This feeling pervades the Zuiweng Pavilion, making the article picturesque, elegant and natural, and smooth. Preface to dongyang horse this is a gift preface.
During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Song Lian went to Hanlin as an official and worked in Hongwu for ten years (1377). The following year, Song Lian went to appear before the court tomorrow (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).
2. Appreciation of ancient poetry is full of loopholes-He Zhu
Go to the east gate, willow outside, and bid farewell to every troublesome hand.
A leaf falls, and several autumn days are spent, and Jiangnan is a single building.
The song is long and stagnant, and the evening is even more embarrassing.
Endless hate, see carefree sorrow, invade the world.
Introduction:
He Zhu (1052~ 1 125) was a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The words are back. Weizhou (now Jixian County, Henan Province) is a native. Song Taizu congratulated the queen's grandson, the daughter of the imperial clan. Claiming to be a distant ancestor, he was a descendant of He in the Tang Dynasty, so he knew the lake (namely Jinghu Lake), so he named it clear lake. Read when you are young and learn when you remember. Ren Xia likes martial arts and talks about the world. "You will use many excuses? Although I want to be in power for a while, I don't like it and I am extremely contemptuous. " (Biography of Song Shihe Zhu). /kloc-When he was 0/7 years old, he left home and went to Bianjing as a right-hand teacher. The prison guards the warehouse door, and Lincheng County wine tax is out of prison. In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), it was changed to Fuyang Official Academy. In five years, I went to Xuzhou to lead Baofeng Qianjian. Because they are all cold jobs and idle jobs, they are depressed and call themselves "sneering at Lao Xu for four years". Yuan □ visited Hezhou in three years (1088). This is Wu Zhi, but it's not what you want. Soon, due to the recommendation of Li Qingchen and Su Shi, he was changed to a civil servant, appointed as a servant and became a constant servant. Please be appointed as a leisure post, supervised by Beiyue Temple. Born two years younger (1095), he was awarded the supervisor of Jiangxia Baoquan, sorted out the old manuscripts in his post, and compiled clear lake's Legacy. Fu Yuanyuan (1098) left his job due to his mother's funeral and soon returned to the East to travel or live in Suzhou and Hangzhou. In Jing (11kloc-0/), Hui Zongjian was called the main book of Taifu Hall after the mourning period expired, and later renamed Xuanyilang, and was sentenced to Sizhou. Chongning for four years (1 105), he moved to Xuandelang and was sentenced to Taiping House. Relocate and negotiate again, lang. Guan was an official for three years (1 109) and lived in Suzhou. In the first year of Huihe (1 1 18), Sun En, a descendant of Taizu, was congratulated and moved to Lang Feng with five clothes. Because he is still angry and making wine, he will not be an American official for life, and he will be very depressed. In his later years, he was even more frustrated with his career. He Mounian resigned again and settled in Suzhou. There are more than 10,000 books at home, and I have been self-taught and even died. During this period, he continued to compile After clear lake's Legacy. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), he died in Changzhou Monastery.
3. Appreciate the second rhyme pear in classical Chinese.
Rhyme pear flower song? Huang Tingjian's peach faces are all red, not as good as natural jade. Always looking at the dust and leaning against the wall. (Note) Jade Zuo Rong: Describe pear flowers as white as jade. Cage Moon: Covered by moonlight About the author: Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105), whose real name is Taoist in the valley, later named Fu Weng, also known as Huang and Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi) from Fenning. Poets, poets and calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty were the founders of Jiangxi Poetry School. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. Professor Ye Xianwei from Beijing, Professor Lang Xianping from imperial academy, School Book Lang, Cao Zuolang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Guizhou Resettlement House, etc. Zhe is known as "proofreader" and "collator". Hou Zhuo lives in the house. At the beginning of Shao Sheng's reign, the New Party called it "pseudo" in the editorial history, demoting Fuzhou and resettling Guizhou and other places. Hui Zongchu, Yizhou was detained. Shao Shengchu, who was a scholar in Zhiping for four years, was relegated because of the mistakes in Ji written by the school book lang. Later, when the new party came to power, it was repeatedly relegated and died in Yizhou. Good at writing, poetry, especially calligraphy. The poetic style is strange, thin and hard, and it is difficult to get rid of vulgar habits and create a generation of ethos. In his early years, he was known by Su Shi, and he was also called "Four Bachelor of Su Men" with, Chao and Qin Guan. Poetry and Su Shi are also called "Su Huang", and there is also The Collected Works of Mr. Huang. Along with Qin Guan, there are also "Guqin Interesting Tales" and "Mr. Huang's Ci". Ci is romantic and heroic, close to Su Shi, and is the ancestor of Jiangxi Poetry School. Chao Bu Zhi said: "Lu Zhi's interplay of small words is solid and wonderful, but he is not a language expert, so he sings good poems in his own tone." (See "The Poet's Jade Chips") There are many other slang words that cannot be avoided. There is "Valley Ci", also known as "Valley Qin Interesting Chapter". The main ink marks are Song Fengge Poetry, Hua Yanshu, Jingfubo Temple, Duxi, Li Bai's Nostalgia for Ancient Poems and Kuzhun Fu. For book reviews, see Jin Lun Book, On Books, He Qingfang and Shi Gu Tang Shu Hua Ji. Huang Tingjian is one of the four sons of Su Men. His poems are as famous as those of Su Shi, and he is called "Su Huang". His poetic style is peculiar, thin and blunt, and he strongly refuses to belittle vulgar habits. Advocate a generation of ethos and be the originator of Jiangxi poetry school. Exquisite calligraphy, and Su, Mi and Cai are also called "". Ci is as famous as Qin Guan, but its artistic achievements are not as good as Qin Guan. In his later years, he had a close relationship with Su Shi, with a thin style of ci, deep feelings, bold and elegant, and sometimes brilliant. There is "Valley Ci". On the surface, this poem celebrates the whiteness of pear flowers, but in fact it celebrates the nobility and purity of pear flowers that are not stained with dust. [[Rhyme Pear]] Why did you change "face peach blossom" to "face peach blossom"? What are the advantages? Mainly the next sentence is not as good as natural jade.
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciate
I am used to enjoying pear blossoms in early spring. Because of the wet and cold rain and the breathtaking beauty of cold, people feel that there is still polluted air in this world that has not polluted Leng Yan. Therefore, falling in love with pear blossoms is a habit, and I am also looking for a highland where my soul lives. After a long remedial class in senior three, I finally had a little leisure and came to the hillside where pear blossoms were in full bloom. Although this pear forest has not yet blossomed into the sea, the feeling of transparency and purity is still the same as before. There seems to be silvery white snow on the top of the mountain, and the sky is endless pure blue, which sets off the outline of the mountain so clearly and rigidly. At this time, just listening to the pure natural song of the black duck, I was really touched. The beautiful and clear pear blossoms have the sound of melting snow, as if a guqin ancient song was flowing through the hillside. I clearly saw a trace of new green floating on the river in early spring, so bright and quiet! This feeling makes me feel like I walked through the bamboo forest of Ji Kang, came to the chrysanthemum in Dongli of Tao Yuanming, watched the flowing water of Wang Xizhi in Lanting, and walked into Qingshi Town where the ancient style is still there. A beautiful girl with clear rhymes still walks by. My heart calmed down, stroking the pear tree beside me and feeling its coolness. Walking in the pear forest, the white petals of the pear flower gently fell on me, which made me unable to help but put my face close to the five petals of pear. This cold and clean pear flower is spotless. Why did you wither in such a hurry? I can't help but feel sad, talented and energetic. Are you really willing to smash your ultimate beauty into mud? Another gust of mountain wind blew, and pear blossoms fell gently. I gently grabbed a petal with my hand and watched the pear flower lying quietly in my palm, crystal clear and serene, without the sadness of hurting spring and mourning red. My heart was suddenly startled. Pear blossoms in the snow, are you trying to tell me that you don't care about the length of life at all? Because your natural white and indifferent sense of escape have long been preserved in the minds of the world and rooted in people's hearts, why compete with pink and green? Oh, pear flower, there is such a noble spirit behind your cold and damp. No wonder Huang Tingjian wrote in "Two Rhymes of Pear Flowers": "Peach blossoms are all red, not as good as natural jade. Always far behind, gently leaning against the wall ",isn't it just to compare your freshness and elegance with the red of peach blossoms?" "Then, the gloomy mood suddenly became clear, and I looked at it from a distance. That is a pear flower, white. In the early spring of March, the trees are green, the flowers are in bloom, and the birds are chirping in the pear forest, which makes people feel relaxed and happy and can't be forgotten for a long time. In the distance, farmers are weeding, plowing and sowing on the hillside, and rows of high-rise buildings are in the distance. For me who don't have much time and money to travel far, it is really a kind of happiness. Walking on the hillside, the warm sunshine gently spread over my shoulders, light, soft and bright, which made me feel more comfortable than ever in my life! A feeling of ethereal happiness! This feeling has long been lost in the world, and there is nowhere to find happiness for a long time! I see the falling of pear flowers and the blooming of spring flowers, and my dream seems to be getting closer and closer to me. Sometimes, happiness is just a feeling, a mood, and how many times has your life eroded, my friend?
4. Appreciation of famous classical Chinese sentences (10 sentence) (1 sentence). Early in the morning, I was busy and I took Yuelian home.
-Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's Return to the Round Field: In order not to make the bean field barren, the poet went to the fields early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. But he didn't complain.
(2). There is no way for mountains and heavy waters to be re-suspected, and there is another village. -appreciation of the tour of Shanxi village: this is a touching scene, which is written about the winding and changeable scenery.
These two sentences write the realm of doubt and falsehood, and the scene seems to be absolutely back, containing the philosophy of life. (3) Once you climb to the top of the mountain and peek, you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky. ..
-appreciation of du fu's "looking at yue": writing about the will to climb yue caused by looking at yue. From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything.
(4). Qingchuan vividly named Hanyang, Nautilus Island is a nest of herbs. —— Appreciation of Cui Hao in Yellow Crane Tower: Writing about the scenery of Qingchuan and Nautilus Island in Hanyang.
"Vividness" and "growth" depict clear mountains and rivers and extremely lush vegetation. (5) but I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker? The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
-Appreciation of Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao: The feeling of homesickness is integrated with the scenery of the sunset, which makes people's mood return to vague worries and become deeper and deeper. The end of the couplet points to the topic, which leads to the melancholy of where to go to the countryside and where to think.
(6). When * * * cuts the candle at the west window, it talks about the rain at night. -Appreciation of Li Shangyin's "A Note to a Friend in the North on a Rainy Night": Imagine meeting you again in the future and talking to you. I miss you tonight and I can't come back.
On the side of the sinking ship, Qian Fan passed by, in front of the sick tree, Wan Muchun. -Appreciation of Liu Yuxi's "Enjoy Lotte at the First Meeting in Yangzhou": The poet gets rid of the real situation and looks forward to the future scenery.
Poetry implies the development of society through the change of natural scenery, which contains philosophy. (8). Going to the West Wing alone is nothing, and the moon is like a hook.
Appreciation of Li Yu's "Welcome to Joy": "Silence" and "independence" make people see a lonely shadow of "you are alone and helpless". Even the moon is not a full moon but a broken one.
This is the scene of looking up, the scene of the sky, and the more worrying scene. (9). If you keep cutting, you will be confused. This is separation.
-Appreciation of "Hui Huan" Li Yu: Silk is a metaphor for acacia, which is inextricably linked and can't be sorted out, describing the complexity and difficulty of melancholy. (10). The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen.
-Appreciation of Wang Wei's To the Fortress: The weather is excellent. In a big desert, I saw the distant beacon smoke soaring into the sky, and there was a cloudless sunset glow on the river, which was particularly round and big. The word "solitary" shows the scarcity of people; The word "straight" shows the poet's surprise at the scenery in the frontier fortress, just right.
The image of "long river" runs through the picture, dividing the picture into two parts, which increases the vividness of composition, while the divided picture of "falling yen" is drawn in a unified tone, showing a seamless momentum. (1 1). At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.
-Appreciation of "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry" by Li Bai: These two sentences are interlocking and describe the magnificent scenery of Jingmen entering Chu. The second word in the two sentences is well practiced.
The word "Sui" gradually changed and shifted the position of mountains and Ye Ping, which is a direct expression and vivid writing, giving people a sense of space and mobility. The word "Ru" is like a river that flows into the blue sky and the desert of Yuan Ye.
(12). Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. -"Spring Hope" Du Fu's appreciation: the poet is sad because of things, as if an open flower can't help crying; Birds are also shocked by the departure of the world.
(13). I'm not afraid of floating clouds covering my eyes, but I'm at the highest level. -Appreciation of Wang Anshi's "Climbing to the Top": I am not afraid of floating clouds to cover my eyes, just because I am at the top.
These two sentences are the essence of the whole poem, which contain profound philosophy and have universal significance. (14). Until the low tide, the river bank widened, and no wind blew my lonely sail.
-Wang Wan's appreciation of "The next berth on the North Fort Mountain": "Broadness" is the result of "mudflat" and it is written in a grand and broad way; The next sentence is "Spreading the God of Big Scenes with Small Scenes", which shows the great scenery of Ye Ping, such as openness, DC and calmness. (15). Create a beautiful Hua Zhong. The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. ..
-Appreciation of Du Fu's "Looking at Yue": This is written after more careful observation, which means that the creators of nature are concentrated in this mountain, and nature is infinite. These two sentences are about the change of mountain colors and the magnificent scenery of Mount Tai.
(16). Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees —— Appreciation of Cen Can's "A Song of Snow to Send Tian Shuji Wu Home": These two sentences describe the beautiful scenery after the snow. Using spring flowers as a metaphor for winter snow is strange and wonderful, and the metaphor is novel and moving. A silvery white world has turned into a beautiful spring, full of the breath of spring, giving people a feeling of joy and warmth, rather than the cold after snow.
(17). My road twists and turns through a valley covered by branches and flowers and comes to a Buddhist retreat. Appreciation of Zen scenery behind the permanent building of Duanshan Temple: "Qu", "You" and "Shen" show the quiet environment of the Buddhist temple.
This sentence not only reproduces the scene that the poet walked through a winding path leading to a secluded place, through deep flowers and trees, and went to the Buddhist temple, but also tells this experience with some aesthetic light, artistically expressing the pursuit of twists and turns in China culture. (18). Spring silkworms die, and night candles burn their wicks —— Appreciation of untitled Li Shangyin: The poet used "spring silkworms" and "candle torches" as metaphors and used homophonic methods to form this famous sentence.
These two sentences are about the inner state and the external performance, which vividly shows the hero's deep feelings for the heroine. (19). People are thinner than yellow flowers, and the west wind blinds them. Appreciation of Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flowers": "People don't die if they don't die", which means how can we not be sad here and now? Wake people up by asking questions.
"Curtain rolls the west wind", which not only describes people, but also describes the scenery, creating a lonely realm in late autumn. "People are thinner than yellow flowers", which is both vivid and vivid, and has the power of being deeply rooted in people's hearts.
(20). Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan —— Appreciation of Tao Qian in Drinking: The beauty of these two sentences is that they have no intention to see the mountains, but they look from a distance, and their minds and things swim, reaching the realm of forgetting themselves. (2 1). And a mist from Yunmeng Valley has surrounded Yueyang City-Appreciation of Meng Haoran's Looking at Dongting Lake to Send the Prime Minister: It means that steamed water has enveloped Yunmengze in Jiangnan and Jiangbei, and the trend of waves has shaken Yueyang City.
These two sentences describe the magnificent scene of Dongting Lake and the momentum of lake waves. (22). May people last for a long time, and thousands of miles are beautiful.
-Appreciation of Su Shi's "Water Tune Song Tou": I only hope two.