High School Chinese Volume 1
1. Zhu Ziqing (1898～1948): His original name was Zhu Zihua, with the courtesy name Peixian and the nickname Qiushi. His ancestral home was Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He was born in Donghai, Jiangsu in 1898. In 1928, he published the collection of essays "Back". He is a famous essayist, poet, scholar and democratic fighter. There are also prose collections such as "Back View", "Miscellaneous Notes on Travels in Europe", "You and Me", etc. His prose is famous for its "concise language" and "beautiful writing style". Mao Zedong praised him for "exhibiting the heroic spirit of our nation."
2． "Ode to Picking Lotus": written by Xiao Tong, Emperor of the Southern Dynasties.
3. "Xizhou Song": a poem from Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties.
4. Zhou Shojuan: modern writer, translator, representative writer of the "Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School" (literary school) during the Republic of China.
5. Lu Xun (1881～1936): His original name was Zhou Shuren, and his courtesy name was Hencai. He was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Modern writer, thinker, revolutionary, leader of Chinese proletarian literature, and founder of modern literature. "Lu Xun" was the pen name he used when he published "The Diary of a Madman", the first vernacular novel in the history of modern Chinese literature, in 1918. His main works include: the novel collection "Scream", "Wandering" and "New Stories"; the collection of essays "The Collection of Just One", "The Collection of Two Hearts", "The Collection of Huagai", "Essays of Qie Jie Pavilion" and other sixteen volumes; the collection of essays "Morning Flowers and Evenings" "Shi"; a collection of prose poems "Weeds". "With a cold brow and cold eyes, he bows his head and is willing to be a bully" is a portrayal of his personality and spirit throughout his life.
6. Tao Yuanming, a Qian with the courtesy name Yuanliang, is known as Mr. Jingjie and calls himself Mr. Wuliu. A famous poet in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and the first pastoral poet in my country. His representative works include "The Peach Blossom Spring", "Returning to the Fields", "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", etc. "Relatives may still be sad, but others have also sung. What is the way to die? The body is supported by the same mountain." From his "Elegy".
7. "Wen Xin Diao Long": a masterpiece of ancient Chinese literary theory, written by Liu Xie, a Liang literary theory critic in the Southern Dynasty.
8． Jin Shengtan: Celebrity Rui, courtesy name Shengtan, was a literary critic in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He once collectively called "Li Sao", "Zhuangzi", "Historical Records", Du Shi, "Water Margin" and "West Chamber" as the "Six Talents Books", and revised the latter two. He revised "Water Margin" and wrote it in the late Chongzhen period. He deleted the content about being recruited and conquering Fangla after the 71st chapter, and added the plot of Lu Junyi's dream that all Liangshan leaders were killed to end the book. The comments were quite original and expressed the stance of opposing the peasant uprising.
9. Gu Yanwu: Named Tinglin, courtesy name Ningren, a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. He was a thinker and writer in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He was the author of "Rizhilu".
10． Wang Zengqi: Born in Gaoyou, Jiangsu, he is a modern and contemporary writer and a representative of "Beijing School Novels". His representative works include the novels "Being Ordained" and "Da Nao Chronicles".
11. Leo Tolstoy: a great Russian writer, whose representative works include the novels "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina", "Resurrection", etc.
12. George Sand: French female writer, her main works include the novels "Consuero" and "The Grinder of Anjiburg".
13． "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Master" is selected from "Zuo Zhuan". "Zuo Zhuan" is my country's first complete chronological historical work with a detailed narrative. It is said to have been written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of the state of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. According to the lineage of the kings of the state of Lu, it records more than 250 years of history in our country since 722 BC. Many historical materials. Also known as "Zuo Shi Chuan Qiu", also known as "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu", together with "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan", they are collectively called "Three Biography of Spring and Autumn", which is an excellent historical prose work.
14． "Gou Jian's Destruction of Wu" is excerpted from "Guoyu". "Guoyu" is the earliest national history book in my country, recording the historical facts from the 12th year of King Mu of Zhou to the 16th year of King Zhending.
15． "Warring States Policy" is a work that records the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Zhou Dynasty and various vassal states. It mainly records the vertical and horizontal struggles of advisers and strategists during the Warring States Period and the related proposals or speeches. Compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty, there are 33 chapters.
16. The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius, a great thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his disciples. There are twenty chapters in the book, covering many aspects such as politics, education, literature, philosophy, and principles of life, and are in the form of quotations. "The Analects of Confucius" is a classic work on Confucianism. Together with "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Mencius", it is collectively known as the "Four Books".
17. Meng Ke (approximately 372 BC - 289 BC), also known as Ziyu, was born in Zou during the Warring States Period. He was a master of Confucianism and was known as the "Left Sage". "Mencius" is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius. It is compiled into seven chapters by Mencius and his disciples, covering political activities, political doctrines, philosophy, education, and ethics. Mencius' main propositions are benevolent government, valuing the people and respecting the king. Believe that "human nature is good". (See Volume 5)
18. Xunzi (about 313 BC - 238 BC), named Kuang, was a native of Zhao during the Warring States Period and a famous thinker. Advocates the "Dharma Queen" and "evil nature theory". "Xunzi" was written by Xunzi and his disciples and is an important work of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period.
19. Zhuang Zhou (approximately 369 BC - 286 BC), a native of the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period, was a famous ancient thinker and one of the representatives of the Taoist school. "Zhuangzi" was written by him and his disciples. It is highly literary and contains many fables. It is an important work of Taoist thought. Together with Laozi, the founder of the Taoist school, they are collectively known as "Laozi and Zhuangzi".
20． Jia Yi: A native of Luoyang in the Western Han Dynasty, a politician and writer, known as Jia Sheng in the world. His works include "New Book", "Ode to Qu Yuan", etc.
21. Sima Qian (about 145 BC - about 87 BC), also known as Zichang, was a historian, writer and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty. The book "Historical Records" is my country's first general history in the form of biographies. It includes 12 Jis (biographies of emperors), 30 families (biographies of princes), 70 biographies (biographies of famous figures), 10 tables, 8 books, and a total of 130 articles. It is collectively known as the "Four Histories" together with "Hanshu", "Houhanshu" and "Three Kingdoms". Lu Xun praised "Historical Records" as "the swan song of historians, a rhymeless lisao". (See Volume Six for "Historical Records")
22. Wang Xizhi: (321-379), courtesy name Yishao, was born in Linyi, Langya (now Linyi, Shandong Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is a famous calligrapher in ancient times. His writing style is "as floating as floating clouds and as powerful as a startling dragon", and he is known as the "Sage of Calligraphy". Wang Xizhi is broad-minded and loves natural landscapes. His prose is clear, simple and long-lasting, which shows his literary skills. Because he served as a general of the Right Army, later generations also called him Wang Youjun. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is the preface to the Lanting Collection of Poems.
Volume 2
23. "Aesop's Fables": According to legend, it was compiled by Aesop, a freed slave of ancient Greece in the sixth century BC. It collects ancient Greek folk tales, and adds Indian, Arabic and Christian stories, totaling more than 350 pieces.
24. Qian Zhongshu (1910-1998), a modern literature researcher and writer, was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. His representative works include: two famous academic treatises "Tan Yi Lu" and "Guan Zhui Bian", a collection of essays "Written on the Edge of Life", the short story "Humans, Beasts and Ghosts" and the novel "Fortress Besieged".
25 Rousseau: French Enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator and writer. His representative works include "Emile" and "Confessions".
26. Sun Li: A native of Anping County, Hebei Province, a modern novelist and essayist. He began to be exposed to the May Fourth New Literature when he was a teenager. His collection of works is "Baiyangdian Chronicles", among which "Lotus Lake" and other works are widely circulated masterpieces. The prose "Orioles" contains profound philosophy.
27. Shi Tiesheng: Beijing native, famous contemporary novelist. His works include: "My Distant Qingping Bay", "The Story of Queue Jumping" and "Albizia Julibrissin Tree".
28. Wang Bo: Zi'an, a writer in the early Tang Dynasty. He is the author of "The Collection of Prince An". He, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, and King Luo Bin are collectively known as "Wang Yang Lu Luo", and are also known as "the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty". "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" is his representative work in parallel prose.
29. Han Yu: also known as Han Changli, also known as Tuizhi, a litterateur in the Tang Dynasty and an advocate of the "ancient prose movement" in the Tang Dynasty. The first of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". "Shi Shuo" is his masterpiece of prose. He is the author of "Collected Works of Mr. Chang Li".
30． Du Mu: courtesy name Muzhi, a writer of the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he lived in Fanchuan Villa in the south of Chang'an City, and was named Du Fanchuan. Make good use of quatrains to satirize current events. He is the author of "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".
31． Su Xun: courtesy name Mingyun, alias Laoquan. Writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. Author of "Jiayou Collection". Together with his sons Su Shi and Su Che, he is also known as the "Three Sus" and is among the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
32. Wang Anshi: courtesy name Jiefu, late title Banshan, official to prime minister, named Duke of Jing, known as Wang Jinggong in the world, posthumous title Wen, and known as Wang Wengong in the world. Linchuan people. Politician, thinker and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Author of "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan".
34． Ouyang Xiu: courtesy name Yongshu, nicknamed Zuiweng, Liuyi Jushi, posthumous title Wenzhong, writer and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, leader of the ancient prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", and the author of "Collected Works of Ouyang Wenzhong". We advocate equal emphasis on "literature" and "Tao" and oppose superficial literary styles. "June 1 Poetry Talk" created a new genre of "Poetry Talk" and had a certain influence on the development of later poetry theory.
35. Gui Youguang: courtesy name Xifu, nickname Zhenchuan, known as Mr. Zhenchuan in the world, was a famous ancient writer in the Ming Dynasty. Author of "Collected Works of Zhenchuan".
36． Zhang Pu: courtesy name Tianru, a writer of the Ming Dynasty. He organized Yingshe during the reign of Tianqi, and founded Fushe in the early years of Chongzhen to engage in literary and political activities. "Tombstone Story of Five People" is selected from his "Qi Lu Zhai Collection".
37. Yao Nai: courtesy name Ji Chuan, first name Meng Gu, family name Xibaoxuan, known as Mr. Xibao, he was an ancient writer of the Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty. He is the author of "Collected Poems of Xibaoxuan", and "Climbing Mount Tai" is selected from this book.
38. Gong Zizhen: Thinker and writer of Qing Dynasty. Author of "The Complete Works of Gong Zizhen". In the year of Jihai, on his way back from his resignation, he wrote 315 quatrains, collectively entitled "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai".
Volume 3
Unit 1:
39. Xu Zhimo (1896-1931), a representative of the Crescent Poetry School, author of "Zhimo's Poems" "A Night in the Emerald Green"
Cambridge: Cambridge
40. Wen Yiduo: a famous modern patriotic poet, a representative of the Crescent Poetry School, an important poetry collection "Red Candle" " "Backwater", the "three beauties" advocate: the beauty of music, the beauty of painting, and the beauty of architecture
41. Mu Dan: one of the representative poets of the Nine-leaf School of Poetry, the collection of poems "Explorer" and "Nine-leaf Collection"
p>
42. Shu Ting: Representative of the Misty Poetry School, with representative works "To the Oak" and "Motherland, My Dear Motherland"
43. Pushkin: the great Russian poet and the founder of Russian literature. Famous poems: "Ode to Freedom", "To Chadayev" and "Gypsy"; novel: "The Captain's Daughter"; full-length verse novel "Eugene Onegin" (also called "Eugene Onegin"). 》)
44. Wordsworth: The representative poet of the British "Lakeside Poetry School".
45. Petofi: Hungarian patriotic poet, representative poem "Freedom and Love" "Life is precious, love is more expensive. If it is for freedom, both can be thrown away."
Unit 2:
46. "The Book of Songs" and "Li Sao" respectively created the excellent traditions of realism and romanticism in my country's poetry creation.
47. "The Book of Songs" is my country's first collection of poetry. It is a work written about five hundred years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is commonly known as "Poetry" or "Three Hundred Poems". In the Han Dynasty, Confucianism regarded it as a classic and called it "The Book of Songs". It was divided into "Feng" and "Elegance" according to its content. The three parts of "Ode" are divided into "Fu", "Bi" and "Xing" according to the expression techniques. "Fengya Ode, Fu Bixing" are collectively called "The Six Meanings of the Book of Songs".
48. Qu Yuan: A native of Chu during the Warring States Period. The founder and representative writer of "Chu Ci". The first great poet in the history of our country and the founder of romantic poetry. His representative works include "Li Sao", "Nine Songs" and "Tianwen". "Li Sao" is a representative work of "Chu Ci", the earliest lyric poem in ancient my country, and also the longest lyric poem in ancient my country. "Songs of Chu" is a collection of poems by Qu Yuan, Song Yu and other poets of Chu State during the Warring States Period. It was edited by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty and composed by Wang Yi of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
49． "The Peacock Flying Southeast" was originally called "An Ancient Poetry Composed by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife". It is the earliest and longest narrative poem in ancient my country. It is also known as the "Song of Yuefu" together with the Northern Dynasty's "Mulan Ci" (Note: "Mulan Ci" is not a Han Yuefu folk song). "New Odes of Yutai" edited by Xu Ling of the Southern Dynasties.
50. Cultural knowledge in "The Peacock Flies Southeast":
Zui Bed was furious: "Bed" was used as a "seat" and not as a "bedding".
The seventh and ninth days of the lunar month: the ninth day of the lunar month; the ninth day of the lunar month: the 29th; the ninth day of the lunar month: the ninth day of the lunar month
After dusk: dusk: ten One of the two hours is Xu Shi (equivalent to the current 19:00 to 21:00)
Jiji Rendingchu: Rending: One of the twelve hours is Hai Shi (equivalent to 21:00 to 23:00)
51. "Nineteen Ancient Poems" is a collection of poems written by literati in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It was first seen in "Selected Works" by Xiao Tong of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. Liu Xie called it the "Crown of Five Characters" in "Wen Xin Diao Long".
Zhong Rong's "Poetry" praised it as "a seamless dress, a word worth a thousand pieces of gold".
Unit 3: Tang Poetry and Song Ci
53. Tang Poetry
① Tang poetry created rhymed verses and quatrains based on the research and creative practice of poetry by Liang and Chen poets Two new poetry styles, thereby expanding the scope of poetry expression.
②Li Bai: courtesy name Taibai, nickname Qinglian Jushi, a great romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty. Later generations called him the "Poetry Immortal", and his poetry style was "fresh and elegant".
③Du Fu: Zi Zimei, calls himself Shaoling Ye Lao, also known as Du Shaoling, also known as Du Gongbu. His poems show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and are called "history of poetry". He was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was later honored as the "Sage of Poetry". Poetry style: melancholy and frustrated.
Three Officials: "Shihao Officials", "Tongguan Officials", "Xin'an Officials", three farewells: "Newlywed Farewell", "Elderly Farewell" and "Homeless Farewell"
④Bai Juyi: His courtesy name was Letian and his nickname was Xiangshan Jushi. He advocated the New Yuefu Movement and advocated that "articles should be written according to the time, and songs and poems should be written according to the situation." His representative works are "Pipa Play" and "Song of Everlasting Sorrow"
⑤Wang Wei: a landscape and pastoral poet of the Tang Dynasty, with the courtesy name Mojie. Su Shi said that "there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings", and he was a poet of the same genre as Meng Haoran.
Supplement: Frontier poets: Wang Changling, Gao Shi, Cen Can
⑥Liu Yuxi: Zi Mengde, a poet of the mid-Tang Dynasty. Middle school textbook works "Inscriptions on Humble Houses", "Stone City" and "Rewarding Lotte at the First Banquet in Yangzhou" (famous lines include: Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of spring trees grow in front of the diseased tree.)
⑦ Li Shangyin : Zi Yishan, the poet of the late Tang Dynasty and "Du Mu" are collectively called "Xiao Li Du" (different from Li He)
54. Ci
① Ci appeared in the Tang and Five Dynasties periods. It was called Qu, Zaqu or Quci. It became popular in the Song Dynasty and was called Shiyu. Later it was renamed Ci. Also called long and short sentences.
②Song poetry is customarily divided into two schools: the graceful and the bold. The graceful school represents poets Liu Yong (Northern Song Dynasty), Li Qingzhao (Southern Song Dynasty), and Qin Guan (Northern Song Dynasty), and the bold school represents poets Su Shi and Xin Qiji. .
③Liu Yong: courtesy name Qiqing, formerly known as Sanbian, known as Liu Qi in the world, the first professional poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and an innovator of the graceful school.
④Su Shi: Zifan, Dongpo Jushi, together with his poems Su Xun and Su Zhe, now known as "Sansu", and his poems are as famous as Huang Tingjian, collectively known as "Su Huang". In terms of Ci, he expanded the scope of expression of Ci and pioneered bold Ci in the Song Dynasty. His Ci style is similar to that of Xin Qiji, collectively known as "Su Xin". Su Shi's prose is also very good. He is "one of the eight great writers of Tang and Song Dynasties".
⑤Li Qingzhao: courtesy name Yi'an, nickname Yi'an Jushi, a female poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, a representative of the Wanyue School, and the author of "Shuyu Ci"
⑥Xin Qiji: courtesy name You'an, No. Jiaxuan, the greatest patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, and a representative of the Bold and Unconstrained School with Su Shi, the collection of poems "Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences"
⑦Jiang Kui: Southern Song Dynasty poet, nicknamed Baishi Taoist. (The old man from Qianyan is Xiao Dezao) The representative work "Yangzhou Slowness" ("Grain millet" is often used to express sadness and sadness for the past and present decline of the country)
⑧Lu You: No. 1 Fang Weng, the greatest of the Southern Song Dynasty A patriotic poet, there is one poet with the most ancient poems in existence.
Unit 4:
55. Yu Dafu: Original text Yu Wen, modern novelist and essayist, representative works: novels: "Sinking", "Intoxicated Spring Breeze Evening", "Bao Dian", essay "Autumn in the Old Capital"
56. Ba Jin: Formerly known as Li Fugan, he is a famous modern writer. His representative works are: the novel "Destruction", the novella "Cold Night", and the "Love Trilogy" ("Fog", "Rain", "Electricity" and "The Torrent Trilogy"). ("Home", "Spring", and "Autumn"). The representative prose work "Leng"
Unit 5:
57. "Twenty-Four Histories" During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Cong Cong. The 24th history book from "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" to "History of the Ming Dynasty" is designated as the "official history" and is now called the Twenty-Four Histories (Note: There is no "Zizhi Tongjian")
58. Balza. Gram: French critical realist writer in the 19th century. He wrote "The Human Comedy" (general name for novels, 91 novels), which is known as the "encyclopedia" of French society, including "Eugénie Grandet" and "Eugénie Grandet". Goriot" etc.
59. Hugo: An outstanding representative of French romantic literature in the 19th century. His main works are "Notre Dame de Paris", "Les Misérables" and "1993".
60. Representative works of other writers:
Beaumarchais (France) "The Marriage of Figaro"
Rabelais (France) "The Life of Giants" ”
Molière (France)’s representative works “The Hypocrite” (also known as “Dartiup”, the protagonist Dartuffe), “The Scrooge” (also known as “The Stingy Man”, the protagonist Abagon)
Supplementary, four misers: Shylock in Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice", Abagon in Molière's "The Miser", Balzac's "Eugénie Grandet" Grandet, Polyushkin in Gogol's "Dead Souls".
Turglev: Russian writer, famous novel "Roting", "Noble House", "Father and Son", "Hunter's Notes"
High School Chinese Volume 4
p>
61. Lu Xun, a great modern writer, thinker, and revolutionary. His first five novels are "Diary of a Madman", "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", "Hometown" and "The True Story of Ah Q". His works include the novel collection "The Scream" and "Wandering" ("Blessing" is included in "Wandering"); the historical novel collection "Wandering" "New Stories"; essay collection "Morning Blossoms Picked Up at Dusk" (originally called "Old Things Revisited"); 16 essay collections; translation of Russian writer Gogol's "Dead Souls" and Soviet writer Fadeev's "Destruction". The texts are "Using Doctrine", "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen" and "For the Memory of Forgetting".
62. Chekhov, a Russian short story writer, is famous for his masterpieces "The Chameleon", "The Man in the Condom", "Death of a Civil Servant", and the script "The Cherry Orchard".
63. Shen Congwen, a modern writer, is famous for his masterpiece "Border Town".
64. Sun Li, a representative writer of the "Baiyangdian School", his representative works include the novel "The First Story of the Storm", the novella "The Prequel of Ironwood", the short story "Lotus Lake", and the collection of novels and essays "Baiyangdian Chronicles" . (See also item 26)
65. Zhao Shuli is a contemporary writer. His representative works are the novel "Sanli Bay", the novella "Li Youcai's Straight Talk", and the short story "Xiao Erhei's Marriage", etc.
66. Mao Dun is one of the standard bearers of modern literature. His representative works are the novel "Midnight", the rural trilogy "Spring Silkworms", "Autumn Harvest" and "Last Winter", and the short story "Lin's Shop".
67． Maupassant, a master of short stories in the world in the 19th century, is famous for his novel "Beautiful Friend" and short stories "Ball of Suet", "My Uncle Jules" and "The Necklace".
68. Gao Xiaosheng, a contemporary Jiangsu writer, is best known for his representative works such as "Chen Huansheng Goes to the City" and "Li Shunda Builds a House".
69. Shi Naian, a native of the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, is the author of the chapter novel "Water Margin". "Outsmarting the Birthday Plan" was selected into the text.
70． Luo Guanzhong, a native of the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, wrote the chapter novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". "Lost Street Pavilion" was selected as a text.
71． Feng Menglong, a novelist in the late Ming Dynasty, compiled and published "Three Words" ("Words to Warn the World", "Words to Enlighten the World" and "Words to Awaken the World"). "Du Shiniang sank the treasure chest in anger" is selected from "Warning Words".
72. Ling Mengchu, a novelist in the late Ming Dynasty, edited "Erpai" ("Surprise at the First Moment" and "Surprise at the Second Moment").
73． Legends of the Tang Dynasty include "The Biography of Liu Yi" (written by Li Chaowei), "The Biography of Yingying", "The Biography of Li Wa", "The Biography of Huo Xiaoyu", etc.
74． Wu Jingzi was a Qing Dynasty novelist and the author of The Scholars.
75． Pu Songling, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty, is the author of "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" (a collection of short stories in classical Chinese).
76. Li Ruzhen, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty, author of "Flowers in the Mirror"
77. The four major condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty are Li Baojia's (Li Boyuan)'s "The Appearance of Officialdom", Wu Woyao (Wu Jianren)'s "The Strange Current Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years", Liu E's "The Travels of Lao Can", and Zeng Pu's "The Flower of Evil Sea" .
78. Cao Yu, formerly known as Wan Jiabao, is a famous playwright and author of "Thunderstorm", "Sunrise", "Peking Man", "The Wilderness", etc.
79. Lao She, "People's Artist", has novels "Camel Xiangzi" and "Four Generations Under One Roof", plays "Teahouse" and "Longxugou", etc.
80． Shakespeare, a great British poet and playwright during the Renaissance, wrote the comedies "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice" and the four major tragedies "Hamlet", "King Lear", "Othello" and "Macbeth". The tragedy "Romeo and Juliet" created.
81. Guan Hanqing, a playwright of the Yuan Dynasty, is the author of "The Injustice of Dou E", "Wangjiang Pavilion", "Saving Feng Chen", "Single Sword Club", etc.
82. Wang Shifu, a dramatist in the Yuan Dynasty, is the author of "The Romance of the West Chamber". This play and "The Injustice of Dou E" represent the highest achievements of Yuan dramas.
83. Tang Xianzu was a playwright of the Ming Dynasty and the author of "The Peony Pavilion".
84． Kong Shangren was a playwright in the Qing Dynasty and the author of "The Peach Blossom Fan".
85. Hong Sheng, a dramatist in the Qing Dynasty, is the author of "The Palace of Eternal Life".
86． Legend was the main opera style in the Ming Dynasty and continued into the Qing Dynasty. Representative works include "The Peony Pavilion" by Tang Xianzu, "The Palace of Eternal Life" by Hong Sheng, and "The Peach Blossom Fan" by Kong Shangren.
87． Yuan Hongdao, an essayist in the Ming Dynasty, founded the "Gong'an School". He, Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Zhongdao were all famous for literature, and were known as the "Three Yuan" at that time.
Literary genre
88. Opera is a comprehensive stage art centered on the performance of actors, based on singing, reading, acting, playing and other means, and integrating literature, music, dance, art, martial arts, acrobatics, etc. It mainly includes Southern Opera of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty, legends of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, modern Peking Opera and various local operas.
89. The language of drama is composed of three parts: lyrics, dialogue, and introduction. The lyrics are the lyrics of the characters in the play; the dialogue is the dialogue of the characters in the play; and the introduction is about the actions, expressions and sound effects in the play. Stage Directions.
90． Yuan Zaju is an art form that combines singing, dialogue and dance. There are two types: the first version (lead vocal by the heroine) and the last version (lead vocal by the male protagonist). The characters include Mo (male role), Wai Mo (elderly man), Dan (female role), Zhengdan (female role), Buer (old woman), Jing (painted face), Chou (little painted face), etc.
91． Modern drama is a comprehensive stage art. According to the art form and expression techniques, it can be divided into drama, opera and dance drama. According to the complexity and structure of the plot, it can be divided into one-act drama and multi-act drama. According to the era reflected by the subject matter, it can be divided into historical drama and modern drama. According to the nature of conflicts, it can be divided into tragedy, comedy and drama.
92. The novel focuses on portraying characters and reflects social life through complete storylines and environmental descriptions. Characters, plot, and environment are the three elements of a novel. A plot generally includes four parts: beginning, development, climax, and ending, and some include a prologue and an epilogue. Environment includes natural environment and social environment. According to length and capacity, they can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and micro-novels. According to the content of the performance, it can be divided into science fiction, public security, legend, martial arts, romance, etc. According to the system, it can be divided into chapter novels, diary novels, epistolary novels and autobiographical novels. According to the language form, it can be divided into classical Chinese novels and vernacular novels.
High School Chinese Volume 5
93. Mencius, named Ke, was a very influential Confucian scholar during the Warring States Period. "Mencius" was written by Mencius and his disciples. There are many important thoughts in "Mencius", such as the theory of "benevolent government", the theory of "good nature" and the people-centered thought of "the people value the king and despise the king". "Mencius" is good at Known for his metaphors and eloquence. The four Confucian classics "Mencius", "The Analects", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "The Great Learning" are collectively called the "Four Books". (See item 17)
94. Li Bai and Du Fu were two parallel peaks in the poetry world of the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's poems are elegant and bold, and the language flows naturally. His ancient poems and Qijue are especially praised by later generations, such as "Dream Wandering in Heaven and Saying Farewell", "Traveling is Difficult", "About Drinking" and "Visiting the Ancients in Yuezhong". Du Fu's styles are diverse, and Mainly melancholy, the language is extremely concise, especially good at ancient poetry and rhythmic poetry, such as "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", "The Military Chariot", "Ascending", "A Guest Arrives", "Ode to the Ancient Relics", "Long Night Travel", "Pavilion" "Night", "Climbing Yueyang Tower", etc. (See Article 53)
95. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong in the Yuan Dynasty, "Water Margin" by Shi Naian in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, "Journey to the West" by Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty, and "A Dream of Red Mansions" by Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty, are also called the "four major" classical novels in my country.
96． Lu Xun, whose original name was Zhou Shuren and whose courtesy name was Hencai, was a great modern Chinese writer and thinker. The first collection of short stories is "The Scream". His main works include "Diary of a Madman", "Medicine", "Kong Yiji", "Hometown", "The True Story of Ah Q", etc. Among them, "The True Story of Ah Q" has a profound impact on the weakness of national character. The revelation is still shocking to this day; the author’s summary of Ah Q’s spiritual victory method has become a worldwide topic.
(See items 5 and 61)
97. Modernism or modernist literature is a general term for many literary and artistic schools that emerged in the 1880s and flourished in Europe and the United States from the 1970s to the 1970s.
Stream of consciousness novel Virginia, England. Woolf's novel "The Spot on the Wall" expresses the "inner truth" of the compound through symbolic suggestion, inner monologue and free association.
Expressionism Franz of Austria. Kafka's novel "The Metamorphosis" opposed the use of realistic techniques to describe the objective world, and emphasized the expression of the writer's subjective feelings.
Existentialism Sartre is the master of contemporary existential philosophy. Sartre's famous plays "Death Without a Burial" and "The Submissive Whore" were written with traditional realism techniques, "The Fly" has a strong symbolic color, and "Nausea" uses the stream of consciousness technique in many places.
Absurd Drama The play "Waiting for Dogo" by writer Beckett is a masterpiece of the Absurdist.
Magic realism novels In the 1960s, there was a boom in Latin American novel creation. Taking Gabriel Garcia Marquez's novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude" as a symbol, magical realism novels have reached a very perfect level.
Unit 6:
98. Han Yu: a litterateur and poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was known as the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" together with Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che and Zeng Gong.
99. Liu Zongyuan: a writer and poet in the Tang Dynasty, known as "Liu Hedong"
100. Supplement based on textbook P164:
Hu Shi's "Anthology Collection" Guo Moruo "The Goddess" Zhang Ailing "The Golden Lock" Dai Wangshu "Rain Lane" Ding Ling "Ms. Shafei's Diary"
Contemporary:
Wang Meng "New Young People from the Organization Department" Deng Youmei " On the Cliff" Zong Pu "Red Bean"
Lu Wenfu "Deep in the Alley" Liu Xinwu "Head Teacher" Lu Xinhua "Scar"
Dai Houying "Human, Human" Gu Hua " Furong Town"
Lu Yao "Life" Wang Zengqi "Order" Chen Rong "Middle Age"
Zhang Xianliang "Spirit and Flesh" Jiang Zilong "The Account of Director Qiao's Assumption" Acheng "The King of Chess"
High School Chinese Volume 6
101. Liang Sicheng: Chinese modern architect and architectural historian.
102. Hawking: A British theoretical physicist who was physically disabled but strong-willed. He made world-renowned achievements in cosmological theories such as the big bang and black holes. He is known as the contemporary Einstein. There is "A Brief History of Time".
103． Wang Li, Lu Shuxiang, Zhang Zhigong: modern and contemporary Chinese linguists.
104. Cao Xueqin, whose given name was Zhan, whose nickname was Mengruan, and whose nickname was Xueqin, was a great novelist in the Qing Dynasty. He spent ten years writing the immortal masterpiece "A Dream of Red Mansions" (also known as "The Story of the Stone"), the last forty chapters of which were written by Gao E. "A Dream of Red Mansions" is the collection of ancient Chinese human novels, the peak and summary of ancient vernacular novels, a great realist masterpiece, and is known as the "encyclopedia of feudal society." In terms of art, it has both strong traditional style and national characteristics, as well as a distinctive spirit of innovation. The book describes a series of vivid characters, such as Wang Xifeng, who "was too clever in his calculations and cost his life", Jia Baoyu, who hates the "official career economy", sentimental Lin Daiyu, and the detective who "does not let Sister Feng know the finer things". In the spring, Xue Baochai, who "pretends to be stupid and clumsy and follows the times," Qingwen, who "is of a humble nature but has a heart as high as the sky," was sold to Xue Pan as a concubine by traffickers, including Xiang Ling, a beautiful but unlucky woman.
105． Starting, Succession, Turning and Combination: The commonly used order of writing in old-style poems. Start: Beginning. Inherit: To undertake the further statement above. Zhuan: turning point, discussing the subject from another aspect. Conclusion: Conclusion of the full text.
106． "Historical Records": my country's first biographical general history. Plutarch of ancient Greece was once known as the "King of World Biography", and his work "Biographies" was the beginning of European biographical literature. However, "Historical Records" preceded it by almost two centuries.
107． "Historical Records" is my country's first great historical work and character-centered work. Compared with the literary figures in the pre-Qin period, the characters obviously have distinctive personalities.
In addition, its subjective color and lyricism are the strongest and most prominent among the "official histories" of all dynasties. The author states that the purpose of writing this book is to "study the relationship between heaven and man, understand the changes in ancient and modern times, and formulate a common understanding." Its ideological value is mainly reflected in four points: first, it expresses a progressive literary outlook; second, it expresses progressive economic thought; third, it expresses strong democracy and criticality; fourth, it expresses heroic spirit. Outlook on life, history and values.
108． "Book of Bao Ren An" is an important document for us to understand Sima Qian's life and thoughts. Sima Qian wrote three stories in "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Returning the Perfect Bi to Zhao", "Mianchi Hui" and "Pleading for Punishment on the Back of a Thorn". He also wrote three stories for the four gentlemen of the Warring States Period (Jun Xinling of Wei, Jun Mengchang of Qi, and Jun Chunshen of Chu). , Pingyuan Jun of Zhao State) established a biography.