The "Preface to the Spring and Autumn Annals" says:
To create people, there must be talented people who rise up and grow them, rule them and fight for their survival, guide them to give birth and nourish them, and teach them. When ethics are clear, then the way of man will be established, the way of heaven will be achieved, and the way of earth will be level. When the two emperors came up, sages and sages came out of the world, and they acted at any time, in accordance with the trend of the times. They did not set people apart in advance, and each established his own government according to the times. Since the three kings have risen one after another, the three levels have been prepared, Zi, Chou, and Yin have been established upright, loyalty, quality, and literature have been upheld, humanity has been prepared, and the destiny is in full swing. The Holy King no longer works. Although there are people in the world who want to imitate the ancient traces, they are just doing it for their own selfish purposes. As things turned out, the Qin Dynasty took Jianhai as the right one. However, as the Tao was inconsistent, the Han Dynasty only relied on intelligence to maintain the world. How could it know the ways of the previous kings?
At the end of the Zhou Dynasty, the master thought that the saints would no longer work, and the rule of following the heaven and the times would no longer exist, so he wrote the "Spring and Autumn", which was a great method that could not be changed by a hundred kings. The so-called "examine the three kings without being confused, build the heaven and earth without contradicting them, question the ghosts and gods without doubt, and wait for the saints for a hundred generations without being confused." You and Xia could not say a single word of praise for the biography of the Confucian scholars, and those who did not wait for praise could not express the same words as Yu Si'er. Si Dao, only Yan Zi has tasted it. "When traveling in the Xia Dynasty, riding on the chariot of the Yin Dynasty, serving the crown of the Zhou Dynasty, playing "Shao Dance", this is accurate. Later history used the officials to read the "Spring and Autumn", saying that it only praised the good and criticized the evil. As for the great law of governing the world, it is I don't know.
"Spring and Autumn" has dozens of meanings. Although its meaning is as bright as the sun and stars, it is easy to see, but its subtle meanings and appropriate measures are sometimes difficult to understand. Giving or taking away, advancing or retreating, subtle or obvious, to achieve the peace of principle, the appropriateness of lenient and strong in the quality of literature, the fairness of right and wrong, is the balance of things, and the model of the husband's view. One can then recognize the god of chemical engineering, gather many materials and then know the purpose of a studio. If one wants to know the intention of a sage in one matter, it requires superior wisdom. Therefore, those who study "Spring and Autumn" must be good at swimming and understand the mind silently. Then you can make it small. The later kings know the meaning of "Spring and Autumn", and although their virtues are not those of Yu and Tang, they can still be governed by the law of the Three Dynasties.
Since the Qin Dynasty, his learning has not been passed down, so I mourn. The aspirations of the saints are not known to future generations, so they pretended to write the "Biography" to make it clear, so that future generations can understand the text and seek its meaning, understand its meaning and apply it, and then the three generations can restore it. Without being able to fully understand the secrets of the saint, a few scholars have found his way in.
He has been tireless in teaching people throughout his life, so most scholars have come out of his sect. He was called Mr. Yichuan. In the 13th year of Jiading, he was given the posthumous title of Zhenggong. In the first year of Chunyou, he was granted the title of Yiyang Bo and worshiped in the Confucius Temple.
Zhang Yi and Su Bin both wrote in the book "Dafang Biography" by Lu Dajun and Da Lin.
Zhang Zai was born in Chang'an. Went to take the land of Taoxi. In the 21st year of his life, he sent a letter to Fan Zhongyan. When he saw his distant weapon, he warned him: "Confucianism has its own reputation and can be used to teach, so what's the use of the army?" "Because I was encouraged to read "The Doctrine of the Mean". After reading his books for many years, I still thought it was not enough. I also visited other commentators and experts for many years, and studied the ultimate explanation for many years. I found nothing, so I asked for the "Six Classics" instead. I tried sitting on a tiger skin to lecture on "The Book of Changes" "There are many listeners in the capital. One night, Er Cheng came to discuss "Yi". The next day, the speaker said: "I have seen Er Cheng, and I have a profound understanding of the "Yi". It is beyond my reach, and you can learn from it. "He sat down and stopped teaching. After talking to Cheng about the essentials of Taoism, he confidently said: "My Tao is self-sufficient, so why should I ask for anything else?" "So all the foreign schools were abandoned, and Chun Ru Ye was.
He was promoted to Jinshi and joined the army to pray for the state's justice. Yunyan ordered. In political affairs, the first priority is to uphold the roots and good customs. Every month is auspicious, with wine and food, and to summon the villagers to be high. At the annual meeting at the county court, I personally paid him a favor to make people aware of the meaning of taking care of the elderly, asking about the sufferings of the people, and admonishing the children.
In the early days of Xining, the censor Lu Gong wrote about it. Ancient learning, Shen Zong Fang Yi Xin Baidu, thinking of talented philosophers, summoned him to ask about the way of governance, he said: "Those who have been illegal in government for three generations will always remain unruly." "The Emperor Yue thought it was a book from Chongwen Academy. The next day, he met Wang Anshi. Anshi asked about the new policy and said: "If the public treats others well, then the people will return good to the public. If you teach a jade man to carve jade, there will be some who do not accept the order." "Miao Zhen was imprisoned in Mingzhou, went to treat him, and finally killed him.
When he returned to the court, he moved to the screen to live at the foot of Nanshan Mountain. He sat in a room all day long, compiling books on his left and right, looking down to read, looking up and thinking. If you get it, you will know it. You may sit up in the middle of the night, take a candle and write a book. You will not stop thinking about it for a moment, and you will not even forget it for a moment. The way of temperament must be learned like a sage. Thinking of knowing people but not knowing heaven, seeking to be a sage rather than seeking to be a sage, this is a great deception among scholars since the Qin and Han Dynasties. Therefore, they have learned to respect etiquette, value virtue, and be happy with life. "The Book of Changes" is the sect, "The Doctrine of the Mean" is the body, "Confucius" and "Mencius" are the laws, deposing weird things and identifying ghosts and gods.
His family's funeral and funeral ceremonies took the lead in following the wishes of the previous king, and then implemented the current rituals. He also discusses the methods of minefields, residences, fali, and schools, all of which are intended to be organized into books so that they can be implemented in various undertakings.
Lu Dafang recommended: "He has always been good at discovering the sage's will, and his political theory can be slightly restored. It is better to return his old position in preparation for consultations." This is the imperial edict to Zhi Taichang. Liyuan. He did not agree with the etiquette discussed by the minister, so he returned home sick. The illness in the middle road was very serious. He bathed, changed clothes, and went to bed. He died in the morning. He was so poor that his family bought a coffin for his funeral. Xu Jiang, a Hanlin scholar, and others said that he was content with progress, begged for donations, and gave him half a job in the library.
Zai Xuegu Lixing was the master of Guanzhong scholars and was known as Mr. Hengqu in the world. His book number is "Zhengmeng", and he also wrote "Xi Ming", which says:
Qian calls him father and Kun is mother, so he is indifferent, but he is confused and in the middle. Therefore, the protection of heaven and earth is my body, the leadership of heaven and earth is my nature, the people are my compatriots, and I am with everything.
The great king is the eldest son of my parents; his ministers are the ministers of the eldest son’s family. Respect the elderly because they grow older; be kind to the orphans because they are young; be holy because they are virtuous, and virtuous because they are beautiful. All the people in the world who are tired, disabled, lonely, widowed, and widowed are all those who have fallen victim to my brothers without complaining. "Protect it from time to time", the wings of the son. "Happiness without worries" is pure filial piety. Those who go against the rules are said to be unethical, those who harm benevolence are called thieves, those who help evil are not talented, and those who practice their appearance are just slender.
If you are knowledgeable, you will be good at describing what you have done. If you are poor, you will be good at carrying out your ambitions. If you are worthy of having a leaky house, you will be innocent, and if you cultivate your nature with intention, you will be lazy. The evil decree wine, Chong Bo's son takes care of raising; raising talented people, Ying Feng people's tin type. Not slacking off from work but staying in hesitation is Shun's merit; having nothing to escape but waiting to be cooked is Shen Sheng's respect. The person who appreciates his feelings and returns to his whole life is Shenhu; the person who has the courage to obey orders is Boqi. Wealth, honor, and blessings will support my life; poverty, lowliness, sorrow, and mediocrity will lead to success. If I survive, I will be happy; if I die, I will be happy.
Cheng Yi said: "Xi Ming's clear principles are unified but differentiated. They have not been developed before the expansion of the holy place. They have the same effect as Mencius's theory of good nature and nourishing qi. This has not been seen since the time of Mencius." Scholars have not seen it since. Respect his book.
In the thirteenth year of Jiading, he was given the posthumous title Ming Gong. In the first year of Chunyou, he was granted the title of Yi Bo and worshiped Confucius in the temple. Brother Jian.
Jian, named Tianqi. When he became a Jinshi, he was appointed as the chief administrator of Tiaolu Township and knew Jintang County. Love people sincerely, provide for the elderly and the poor, and occasionally call the elders and envoys to teach and supervise the children. Every small kindness done by the people will be recorded. Offering money for food and wine, and auspicious months, calling the elderly to drink and work, making their descendants serve, and urging them to be filial to their younger brothers. If the people become virtuous, there will be fewer lawsuits in prisons.
At the beginning of Xining, he was the supervisor of the censor Li Xing. He wrote many chapters about Wang Anshi's rebellion against the law, begged to dismiss the Regulations Department and pursue the envoys of Changping. The impeachment of Zeng Gongliang, Chen Shengzhi and Zhao Bian failed to save the right, Han Jiang followed the left and right and became his best friend, and Li Ding used evil to flatter the emperor to steal Taiwan's advice. And Anshi was good at the country, supplemented by Jiang's guile, and the ministers in Taiwan were appointed to determine the generation, and they continued to come, and the buds and tillers gradually flourished. Lu Huiqing impeached Bo Biangui and used fake scriptures to write treacherous words. Isn't it appropriate to persuade the emperor to side with him? After dozens of books were written, Yi Zhongshu argued about it again. Anshi raised his fan to cover his face and smiled, Jian said: "Jian's madness should be laughed at by the public, but there are many people in the world who laugh at the public." Zhao Pian explained from the side Then, Jian said: "The public cannot be innocent." He felt guilty. Then he was called sick and treated as guilty.
When he left Gong'an County, he moved to Zhujian, the supervisory department, and his whole family stopped eating bamboo shoots. I often like to use one soldier, and when I am a general, I see that the person steals the bamboo shoots, and there is no shortage of money to cure him. The crime has been corrected, and he will be treated as before, and he doesn't mind it at all. This is his virtue. He died as an official at the age of forty-seven.
Shao Yong was named Yaofu. He was originally from Fanyang, and his father moved to Hengzhang in ancient times, and then to the city of Jiangxi. In the 30th year of Yong's reign, he traveled to Henan and buried his relatives on the water, so he became a native of Henan.
When Yong was young, he showed his talent and generously wanted to achieve fame. He has read everything before starting to study, and he has to work hard and diligently. He does not cook in the cold, does not fan in the summer, and does not sit down at night for several years. He sighed and said: "People in the past still have friends in ancient times, but I alone have not reached the four directions." So he crossed the river and Fen, crossed the Huaihe and Han Dynasties, and traveled around the ruins of Qi, Lu, Song and Zheng. After a long time, he came back and said: " The truth is there." Then he will not come back.