"Yishan Stele" is the abbreviation of "Qin Yishan Stele". The author of "Qin Yishan Stele" was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty touring eastward, and his ministers praised his virtues. In the second year of his reign, Prime Minister Li Si began to carve stones. There is no such monument in Yishan today, but there are many successors, each with his own origin. In the past, Xu Xuan was famous for his small seal script in the south of the Yangtze River. Zheng Wenbao, one of his disciples, learned from Xuan and became famous for a while. This text was copied by Xuan, and Wenbao also said that he personally went to Yishan to visit the Qin stele, but failed to find it, so he used Xuan's copy to engrave the stone in Chang'an, where it has been passed down for many generations. Basic introduction Chinese name: Yishan Stele Author: Li Si Year: Southern Tang Written by: Xu Xuan Collection: Introduction to the Forest of Steles in Xi'an, inscriptions, history of inscriptions, editions, evaluation of inscriptions, key points of copying, related links, Li Si, seal script, introduction to "Yishan Stele" " was carved during the 28th year of Qin Shi Huang's eastern tour (219 BC). It is the earliest piece of Qin carved stone. The content is to praise Qin Shi Huang's achievements in unifying the world, abolishing feudalism, and establishing prefectures and counties. Mount Yi, also known as Dongshan, confronts Mount Tai in the north and south. Dongshan refers to Mount Yi as Mencius said, "Confucius climbed to Mount Dong and reduced Lu, and climbed to Mount Tai and reduced the world." The original stone was destroyed by Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty and no longer exists today. The inscription states that the emperor established the country, and the beginning of the Wei Dynasty was in the past. He became the king in the next generation and conquered the rebellion. He stirred up the four poles. His military righteousness was straight and the ministers obeyed the imperial edict. Soon after, the six violent and powerful people were wiped out for twenty-six years. He was recommended to a high position and his filial piety was evident. To offer Taisheng a special favor, he personally patrolled far away places and climbed Mount Yi. The ministers and followers have long thought about the troubled times, divided the land and built a country, fought for merit and deeds, and shed blood in the wild. Since ancient times, In the beginning of the world, there are countless people. Tuo and the five emperors can't stop it. Now the emperor, one family and the world, no more wars, disasters and annihilations. The head of Guizhou is in Kangding, which has benefited for a long time. The ministers recited the outline, engraved this music stone, and used chopsticks to mark it: ① Yishan: refers to Yishan Mountain. History of Stele Inscriptions: In 219 BC, the First Emperor of Qin visited the Yishan Mountain in Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong Province and erected a stone inscription, which is later known as the "Yishan Inscriptions". It is the earliest existing Qin seal inscription.
"Yishan Carving Stone" was written and written by Qin Prime Minister Li Si. "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin" records: In 219 BC, "The First Emperor of Qin traveled eastward to prefectures and counties, and went up to Mount Zoyi to erect stones. He discussed with the Lu people about carving stones, praising the virtues of Qin, and conferring Zen sacrifices to the mountains and rivers." This shows that the First Emperor of Qin once went to Mount Yi. (Today's Jining Zoucheng, Shandong Province) established the "Yishan Stone Carvings"; then went to Mount Tai and established the "Taishan Carving Stones"; then traveled east to Langya (today's southwest of Jiaonan County, Shandong Province) and established the "Langyatai Stone Carvings". Its content is all about praising his merits in founding the country. "Yishan Carved Stone" is his first stone carving to praise his achievements in abolishing feudalism and establishing counties. The original Qin Yishan seal tablet was erected at the Yishan Shumen. The "Feng Yan Hearing and Seeing Notes" of the Tang Dynasty says: This monument was later pushed down by Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty when he climbed Mount Yi. However, because Li Si's Xiaozhuan script was so famous, even though the stele fell down, there was still an endless stream of literati and dignitaries who came to copy it. Because the local officials and people were often tired of rushing to welcome it, they gathered under the monument and burned it. From then on, it cannot be imitated. In the Tang Dynasty, some people lamented the destruction of the Qin Monument, so they copied the rubbings that had been passed down to the world on jujube wood boards. Therefore, Du Fu's "Li Chao Bafen Xiaozhuan Song" contains the sentence "The monument of Yishan was burned by wild fire, and the engraving of the jujube tree was distorted". Yang Shiqi's "Dongli Sequel" of the Ming Dynasty stated that there were 7 reprinted editions of Yishan stone carvings (today there are as many as 9 editions), namely "Chang'an edition", "Shaoxing edition", "Pujiang Zheng's edition", "Yingtianfu school edition" "Original edition", "Qingshe edition", "Shu edition", "Zou County edition", etc. "History of the Song Dynasty" records that Zheng Wenbao, who carved the Yishan stele, was good at seal script and studied under Xu Xian. The "Yishan Carved Stones" collected in the Forest of Steles in Xi'an today was written by Xu Xianlin of the Southern Tang Dynasty and re-engraved by Zheng Wenbao. It is now in the fifth room of the Forest of Steles in Xi'an. It has a square base with a round head, 218cm high and 84cm wide, with inscriptions on both sides,* **15 lines, full line of 15 words. This stone was carved in the fourth year of Chunhua in the Song Dynasty (993), which is about 900 years old.
"Zou County Chronicles·Historic Sites Volume" records: "In the eighth year of Yuanyou of the Song Dynasty (1093), Zou ordered Zhang Wenzhong to obtain Li Si's small seal script from the king of Beihai, and carved it into various halls and Yiyin halls. By the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty, In 1292 (1292), the county magistrate Song De, who was from Xiajin, lamented that the stele was incomplete and might be lost, so he ordered a craftsman to engrave it on the side. In 1292 (1292), the seal engraving "Yishan Stone Carving" was also called Yuan's Yishan Qin Seal Stele. It was originally erected in the Zoucheng County Government Hall. It was moved to the salute gate of Meng Temple in the early years of the Republic of China. In 1973, it was moved to Qisheng Temple for preservation. It is now in the Zoucheng City Museum. The carved stone is in the shape of a vertical rectangle, made of water-formed rock, with inscriptions on all sides. The monument is 1.9 meters high and 0.48 meters wide, the same on all sides. The front and left sides are engraved with words praising the achievements of Qin Shihuang, and the back is engraved with the edict of Qin II.
Small seal script, 5 lines per side, 222 words: "The emperor founded the country, the beginning of the Wei Dynasty was in the past, and he was the king in the next generation. He crusaded against the rebellion, stirred up the four poles, and the military righteousness was straight. The ministers followed the imperial edict, and soon they were destroyed. Liu Baoqiang. In the 20th year of the lunar calendar, he was recommended to a high official, and his filial piety was obvious. He then sent Zhuanhui to visit the distant place. The ministers and followers were thinking about the troubled times. To build a country, we have to fight for peace. Since ancient times, there have been countless people in the world, but none of them can stop it. In Kangding, the capital of Guizhou Province, the officials recited the poem and used chopsticks to mark it. , If the descendants do it, it is not called successful and virtuous. The prime minister, Chen Si, Chen Quji, and the censor, Chen Demo, said: "I would like to engrave the imperial edict, because the inscription on gold and stone is clear." "37 characters of the inscription on the stele have been destroyed, and 185 characters remain. On the left side, a postscript is engraved in running script, describing the process of copying. Version 1: "Chang'an version". The "Yishan Stele" now seen in the "Forest of Steles" in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province is what later generations called the "Chang'an Edition". The square base with a round head is 218 cm high and 84 cm wide. It has characters on both sides, one with nine lines and the other with six lines and fifteen characters in each line. 2: "Shaoxing version". In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1341), Shentu's copy was engraved in Shaoxing Academy. Three: "Ying Tianfu Edition". In the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1275), Li Chusui's copy was engraved at Yingtian Academy in Jiangning. Four: "Zou County Edition". It was copied by Zhang Wenzhong of the Song Dynasty and engraved in Zouxian County. Five: "Qingshe Ben". In the fourth year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty, Henan Li Zhongtan copied and engraved it in Qingshe County House. The inscriptions are all in four-character rhyme form, with horizontal and vertical handwriting, neat white lines, even and strong strokes, dignified and rigorous style, and meticulousness. The structure of the characters is tight up and loose down, with elongated legs, giving a condescending air. Readers must look up and watch. In terms of composition, the ranks are neat, the rules are harmonious, and the artistic style of uniformity, calmness, and strength is consistent with the spirit of the times of the Qin Dynasty at that time. These inscriptions had a certain influence on later generations of inscriptions and calligraphy. Zhang Huaihuan of the Tang Dynasty designated Li Si's small seal script as a "divine grade" in "Shuguan", praising: "The paintings are like iron and stone, and the characters are like flying", and said that his brushwork has "full and even bones, and wonderful squares and circles." From this, we can know that Li Si's The structure of his calligraphy is stable and well-proportioned, and his rules are rigorous. Therefore, there is a saying in the calligraphy circle that "to learn seal script, one must first learn 'two Li's" (Li Si in Qin Dynasty; Li Yangbing in Tang Dynasty). The lines of "Yishan Stele" are round and smooth. The result is symmetrical and balanced. The figure is slim and slender, the style is exquisite and elegant, and it can be described as an aristocratic style. In addition, the stele's writing style is rigorous, dignified and steady. It can especially strengthen the "lifting" function of the wrist and enhance the "center" awareness during writing. Therefore, it is the best example for getting started with book learning. Points worth noting when copying are that some people think that the lines on this stele are evenly thick and thin, and it seems easy to use a pen. They even think that writing can be completed with a bare pen or by cutting off the tip of the pen. In fact, this is a huge misunderstanding. The reason is that it is not possible to write with a pen. "Looking at the brush edge through the edge of the knife" is due to the lack of in-depth understanding of Xiaozhuan writing techniques. If we analyze and interpret "Yishan Stele", we can find that its lines are condensed with honest power in the round and even strokes, which are moist but not soft, smooth but not slippery. It allows people to still taste the timeless and elegant charm in the round and strong stipple paintings. It can be said that the ink rendering of the lines in "Yishan Stele" should be vivid and lively. It has both strength and thickness, as well as natural changes in thickness of lines and changes in rhythm when writing. Don't treat it as a rigid and rigid art style. I am writing this monument. The most important thing is to use the pen, and the best thing is to use the edge. Because there are no high-quality lines written, no matter how good the structure is, it will still be in vain. Therefore, it is important to master the correct method of using a pen. So, how should we write this monument or what should we pay attention to? We know that there are only two types of stippling in Xiaozhuan, one is straight painting and the other is curved painting. But no matter what kind of stippling. His calligraphy has three processes: starting, moving and closing. The so-called "qi" means "starting the pen against the front", which requires that the tip of the pen should enter the paper in the opposite direction of the stroke to hide the tip. For beginners, starting to "hide the front" is a difficult technical problem that must be solved first. It is not only related to the strength of dot painting writing, but also plays a decisive role in the connection and response between dot painting. It can be said that without proficiently mastering the technical action of "starting the pen", it will be difficult to learn the book in depth. The so-called "line" refers to "center-forward strokes", which requires that the tip of the brush should be in the middle of the line when balancing the strokes. At the same time, the elasticity of the pen should be fully utilized, and the "lift" method should be used to "kill the paper" and move.
Of course, the process of writing is not just about "lifting", there is also a "pressing" component to control the roundness of the lines and the blending content of ink. Moreover, in order to prevent the pen and ink from "going astray", it is often accompanied by continuous alternating movements of lifting and pressing. This situation is especially obvious when writing arc drawings. However, it should be noted that when writing arc drawings, it is best not to use the "twisting tube" method to maintain the "center", but to "rotate" the "wrist" as much as possible, accompanied by subtle lifting and pressing to maintain the center. Driven, the resulting lines are more elastic. In addition, when arc-shaped lines appear continuously, the amplitude of "pressing and pressing" may be increased, but be sure to pay attention to the natural "handover" without revealing corners to maintain the smoothness of the lines. The so-called "collection" means "returning to the front and closing the brush". It is a technical action when the brush reaches the end of the stipple painting. It is usually "closed as soon as it stops" and is accompanied by a slight "rebound" phenomenon. It is worth noting that the "return" of closing the pen is not to fill the defects at the end of the stipple painting, but to "turn back" to find the next "drop point". At the same time, at the moment of "return", the brush tip is "straightened" to welcome The next "start against the trend". Then there is the issue of "strokes". When writing "Yishan Stele", one should not regard each character as a mechanical combination of stipples, but must take into account the important role of "shape" caused by "shape". If the characters are compared to the human body, and the limbs and facial features are like dot paintings, then "shi" means "the muscles and veins are connected". Although it is invisible, it is the "inner network" that sustains life. Once a person has "connection of muscles and veins", he will be alive and energetic. Once he lacks "connection of muscles and veins", he is like a prop "mannequin". No matter how beautiful the appearance is, he is "dead" at first glance. Therefore, as far as the art of calligraphy is concerned, the role of "shape" is far from being able to compete with "momentum". With "potential", the words will be full of energy. Without "shi", the writing would be dull and stiff. So, how can we create "momentum" when writing "Yishan Stele"? The key is to properly handle the correspondence between the stipples. That is, on the basis of proficiently mastering the writing of various stipples, when writing each word specifically, do not treat each stipple in isolation, but treat them as an organic whole. When the first stippling is completed, the pen tip should quickly find the next "placement". In other words, the "ending stroke" of the previous stroke is the "starting stroke" of the next stroke, and the "ending stroke" of the next stroke is immediately followed by the "starting stroke" of the next stroke. Buckle, the cycle goes back and forth, the mood is naturally coherent, the mood is looking forward to, and the spirit is vivid. "The key to learning calligraphy is to capture the spirit and spirit. If you imitate the body posture, although the shape is similar but there is no spirit, it is the fault of those who do not know how to calligraphy." (Cai Xiang's "Collected Works of Cai Zhonghui Gong"). In the past, many people who studied "Yishan Stele" had multiple structures without paying attention to the use of pens, multiple shapes without seeking quality, so they often fell into clichés. This cannot but attract the attention of those who practice it. Related links Li Si Li Si (about 280 BC - 208 BC), the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty, a famous politician, writer and calligrapher, assisted Qin Shi Huang in unifying the world. After the unification of Qin, he participated in formulating the laws of the Qin Dynasty and improving the system of the Qin Dynasty. He argued against all opinions and advocated the implementation of the system of prefectures and counties and the abolition of the feudal system. He proposed and presided over the unification of writing, carriage rails, currency, and weights and measures. After the death of Qin Shihuang, he conspired with the eunuch Zhao Gao to make his youngest son Hu Hai the second emperor. Later, he was jealous of Zhao Gao and was killed in the city. Because the implementation of his political ideas has had a profound impact on China and the world, and established the basic pattern of China's political system for more than two thousand years, he is respected by the world as "one prime minister through the ages." Seal Script The development of seal script is closely linked to the development of ancient writing. As the first of the five calligraphy styles of seal script, Li script, Cao script, Xing script and regular script, it is a calligraphy style with independent significance and unique characteristics in the art of calligraphy. Today, although seal script does not occupy a dominant position in word application, because this style of calligraphy is in the origin and application period of pre-calligraphy, it is directly related to the major issues of studying ancient Chinese civilization and tracing history. In addition, this kind of calligraphy In the development history of more than two thousand years, the body has undergone many evolutions, and its unique characteristics and beautiful expressions in calligraphy have been throughout the history of calligraphy. Therefore, it is the lifeblood of cultural inheritance. It has an important role and research value that cannot be replaced by any book style in archaeology, text research, philosophy, aesthetics and human sociology.
Our country’s writing has a long history and its forms have undergone various changes. In the ancient writing stage, there have always been different opinions on the boundaries of seal script. Generally speaking, in the seal script system, the characters written before the Qin Dynasty are called "big seal characters", and the characters unified by the Qin Dynasty are called "small seal characters". This is a relatively broad term.
In fact, after the earliest discovery of pottery inscriptions in my country, the earliest written material recorded in Chinese characters that can be seen today should be said to be "oracle bone inscriptions". In other words, oracle bone inscriptions should be regarded as a separate writing style; followed by the writing on bronze vessels, that is, "gold inscriptions". During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Qin used Zhenwen, and the Six Kingdoms used ancient script, and then developed into Qin's small seal script. These different opinions during the period of writing evolution all involve a lot of knowledge about ancient writing.