Being able to read poetry books and travel around famous mountains and rivers is naturally the most interesting thing in the world.
3. In a sense, the spiritual tradition of Peking University is to pursue independent personality, think freely, strive to open up new fields, and join the cause that the country and the nation need most.
Archaeology must have practical experience in the field, and archaeological kung fu is not just learned in the study.
5. It is believed that the fundamental task of archaeology is to give a correct answer to the origin and development of China's cultural civilization, the formation and development of the Chinese nation and the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country, and take this as the core and framework to systematically restore the true outline and development context of China's history.
6. If we don't want to be left behind forever ... and continue to contribute to the civilized life of mankind like our ancestors, we need to protect this precious heritage left by our ancestors, learn from it and see how they invented and improved agriculture and pottery, conquered forests, domesticated livestock, and invented characters, compasses, printing, gunpowder, ink and paper. Let's see how they went from raw food to frying and cooking, from caves to pavilions, from leaves and hides to gorgeous clothes, from inventing wheels to using machinery. Then we will look at the economic, social, political and ideological impact of all these inventions and the improvement of material life at that time. This is the task of studying the material and cultural history of China.
7. Don't look at the present. After ten or twenty years, whoever can settle down will be knowledgeable. A society must have people who are committed to learning.
8. A person must be rigorous and honest in everything he does. You can't do it if you can't. You must never fool people. You can't fool others before you do something. Being a man should not only be rigorous and honest, but also have determination and responsibility. Don't follow the trend, go your own way. Only by seeing clearly what is important can we not be confused at critical times.
9. The spiritual tradition of Peking University also contains a sense of mission and responsibility based on China's society, history and nationality. No matter what you do, research or teaching, you integrate your life with your career. In everything you do, your individual life is constantly reborn and sublimated, and you can realize the meaning and value of life from it.
10. From the Northern Liang and Northern Wei Dynasties to the landscapes, figures and buildings of Sui and Tang Dynasties, from Fuxi and Nu Wa to Lux and Tian Fei, as the caves opened in front of us, we forgot our fatigue and the air seemed to get warmer. We seem to be in a magnificent temple, completely immersed in the art of murals and statues with fluttering clothes and light and shadow.
1 1. The statue in Cave 45 is absolutely exquisite, and it is the most exquisite Buddha statue in the whole Mogao grottoes.
12. 1 12 Cave Rebound Pipa is a famous landmark mural in Dunhuang and the most representative image of Dunhuang art. ..
13. The sky in Dunhuang is exceptionally blue. This kind of blue is different from that in Beijing. It is purer, broader and more powerful. You won't know that there is such a blue sky in the world until you reach the desert. Sometimes sitting for half a day, the moon rises unconsciously before the sun goes down, and you can see the scene that the sun and the moon shine together.
14. The Mogao Grottoes were built in 366 AD and continued to be built for thousands of years until14th century AD. Mogao Grottoes are the largest and best preserved Buddhist grottoes in the world. Up to now, 735 caves (including southern and northern areas), 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 2,000 colorful sculptures have been preserved on a cliff 1.700 meters long. In addition, in 1900, more than 50,000 documents and works of art from the early 20th century to 165438+ were unearthed in the Buddhist grottoes of the Mogao grottoes. There are 22 caves, 865,438+08 square meters of murals and 56 5-14th century colored sculptures preserved in the West Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang. There are 43 7-14th century caves in Yulin Cave, Anxi, with nearly 5,200 square meters of murals and more than 200 colorful sculptures. No other Buddhist site in the world has been built for thousands of years like the Mogao Grottoes, and has preserved such rich and extensive artistic and literary treasures.
15. These devout monks committed themselves to a cramped cave, relying on penance and meditation, trying to get the final liberation in the wilderness, so as to achieve the eternal realm of immortality.
16. Everything is the most difficult place in the eyes of the world, and all the inaccessible places are actually the most thorough test of the will of fate. All the places that are least likely to be meaningful to the world can inspire the great strength and belief of life and create miracles that ordinary people can't reach.
17. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (BC 1 1 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty successively established four counties in Hexi area, plus two passes, and Dunhuang became the gateway and military center of the Central Plains to the western regions.
18. If you encounter any problems in the future, you must ask a question mark and don't blindly believe it. Don't follow suit at any time.
19. The past is irreversible and the future is fundamentally uncertain. A person can only have the present, and the only thing that can be taken away by others is the present. If you know this, you can't and won't lose anything, because you have nothing. Anyone lives only his present life, not any other life, the longest life and the shortest life.
20. Someone asked me, where is the happiness of life? I think this is what human nature requires him to do. A person has found a reason to live, a reason to live meaningfully, and the fundamental power that contributes to all his hobbies and behaviors. It is this power that enables him to face all difficulties, so that he can finally face time calmly and face life and death. Everything is doomed to leave, and true happiness is to become your true self under the call of your own heart.
2 1. All moral norms seem to fall apart overnight. Fear or jealousy in human nature is catalyzed and fermented in an open situation.
22. An intellectual should always keep his reason and conscience and never follow the trend. Blowing east today means blowing east, and blowing west tomorrow means blowing west.
23. The towering poplars winding around the Mogao Grottoes were planted by the Mogao Grottoes.
24. What I ask of my children is that they can't do bad things, and when they grow up, they can stand on their own feet and do something useful for the society.
25. The Mogao Grottoes are characterized by precious value, narrow caves, fragile materials and frequent diseases.
26. The best life is "live well, live long, get sick late and die quickly".
27. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is the only treasure house of world art with sculptures and murals excavated for thousands of years. The most remarkable and irreplaceable thing about Dunhuang is that it is a history of image Buddhism for thousands of years, a history of painting, a history of sculpture and a painting museum. In Dunhuang, every cave is a museum.
28. The art of Mogao Grottoes has the following six characteristics.
The first feature is its large scale. There are 735 caves in the north and south of the Mogao Grottoes, with 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 2,000 colored sculptures. It is the largest and best-preserved Buddhist art cave group in existence, and it can be called a master of ancient Buddhist art in the world.
The second feature is a long historical span and strong continuity. The Mogao Grottoes were dug in sixteen countries, which lasted more than a thousand years, including Beiliang, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties. And the artistic inheritance relationship is clear, which covers almost the whole history of the opening of grottoes since Buddhism entered China, and is also an image version of Dunhuang and its surrounding relations.
The third feature is that it has distinct characteristics of the times and regions. The art of Mogao Grottoes is rich in the characteristics of different times. It clearly reflects the popular art style characteristics of the Central Plains Dynasty and local governments in various historical periods, and also shows a strong artistic element of Dunhuang localization, with distinctive regional characteristics, which reflects the vigorous vitality of Sino-Western exchanges on the Silk Road and the strong integration ability of Dunhuang local culture.
The fourth feature is the diversity of art forms. The art of Mogao Grottoes is a comprehensive art integrating grotto architecture, murals and colored sculptures. There are also temple buildings and wooden eaves in front of the grottoes, pagodas and monasteries in front of the grottoes, as well as various unearthed cultural relics, floor tile art and stone carving art in the grottoes, as well as calligraphy, embroidery and silk paintings such as prints, paper paintings, banners, wood carvings and Confucian classics found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave. The content is all-encompassing, covering Buddhist statues, secular figure paintings, historical story paintings, landscape paintings, social production and life scenes, historical objects, patterns and so on.
The fifth feature is the variety of artistic techniques. The art forms of Mogao Grottoes are mainly painting and sculpture, in which the painting art emphasizes the combination of line drawing and vivid, the mural color is mainly rich and colorful, and there are other painting art forms such as line drawing and printmaking. Sculptures include three-dimensional round plastic, semi-circular plastic attached to the wall, high floating plastic, stone tire clay plastic, molded shadow plastic, etc., which brings together many painting and sculpture techniques in ancient China.
The sixth feature is the diversity and cosmopolitanity of culture and art. The art of the Mogao Grottoes is an art complex dominated by Han culture and art, including the culture and art of Xianbei, Tubo, Uighur, Tangut and Mongolia, as well as foreign art from countries and regions such as ancient Greece, ancient Rome, India in South Asia, Persia in West Asia and Sogdian in Central Asia. It is the crystallization of the intersection and integration of various cultures and civilizations. Dunhuang art is known as "the history of images". While carrying forward Buddhism and spreading enlightenment, it objectively presents many real histories of Dunhuang, Hexi and even northern China since the Northern Dynasties of the Sixteen Countries in the form of images, which proves that history is of great value.
29. The stories depicted in the painting are all for the convenience of showing people to become Buddhas. For example, put down the butcher knife and become a Buddha; For example, you only need to read Amitabha often, and you can enter the bliss world after death; For example, when a crisis occurs, say Amitabha, and the Buddha will appear in front of you, and the disaster will be fine; For example, at the moment of death, as long as you don't forget to say Amitabha, you can be led to the western paradise ... This will implant a message in the minds of ordinary people that it is extremely easy to become a Buddha and enter the paradise. In this way, the distance and estrangement between ordinary people and Buddhism will be resolved.
30. The Change of Maitreya and the Endless Change of Cave 25 are among the most exquisite works in the changes of Dunhuang Grottoes.
3 1. There are more than 4,500 flying bodies in Dunhuang. With their flying figures, graceful dances, ethereal Yue Xian and fragrant flowers, they vividly showed the world and all sentient beings the beautiful scenery of the Tathagata world, the colorful world and the Yuen Long fairyland.
32. Flying carries China people's pursuit of spiritual freedom. The desire to fly, as a spiritual impulse, forms a great tension with the fetters of the secular world.
33. "Dance" is the highest rhythm, rhythm, order and rationality, as well as the highest life, gyration, strength and enthusiasm.
34. The reason why the rebound pipa has eternal aesthetic value lies in its "meaningful form" in composition and modeling, the deep connotation of "beauty" that can be recalled, and the sense of time flowing in aesthetic pleasure.
Ananda stood on the right side of Sakyamuni. He was originally the cousin of Sakyamuni and one of the top ten disciples of Buddhism. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he converted to Buddhism, studied Buddhism and was diligent and eager to learn, so he was also called "listening more" or "listening more to Ananda". Ananda's statue reveals an educated aristocratic temperament with a calm and quiet expression. Among the top ten disciples, he always shows his intelligence, youth, beauty and loveliness.
36. In the Buddhist scriptures, after Sakyamuni "touched the flowers" and Ye Jia "smiled", his life-long career was completed, and then he went to Nirvana under the bodhi tree. The craftsman described this sense of relief with a smile that comprehends life and death, and described the inner clarity, silence and innocence.
37. Artistic creation also needs epiphany.
38. Hinayana Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism have different understandings. Hinayana Buddhism believes that Nirvana is "the death of the body and the death of the mind", which is essentially a tribute to death. Mahayana Buddhism believes that once nirvana is certified, the Buddha body will have four characteristics, namely, true normality, joy, self-nature and purity, which are called "four virtues of nirvana".
39. The strength of the mind lies in positive determination and perseverance.
40. The prominent depiction of Emperor China in The Vimalakīrti Classic vividly reflects the flexibility of Buddhist thought. In the process of spreading Buddhism, a very ingenious method was adopted, that is, the emperor was regarded as the reincarnation of Buddha. In this way, if the shaman bows to the emperor, it is equivalent to bowing to the Buddha, which neither violates Buddhism nor the world law.
4 1. Copy to the most magical place, as if talking to craftsmen hundreds of years ago. It not only imitated the external picture, but also seemed to enter the painter's mood at that time, the habit of using a pen, the wonderful meaning of carrying a pen, and even felt the sound of his breathing and the rhythm of his heartbeat. The so-called "writing like a god" is such an understanding.
42. I know that the Mogao Grottoes will gradually age, which is an irreversible natural law. Any substance in nature will be transformed into another form at some time, and the "disappearance" of the Mogao Grottoes will eventually be unstoppable. But we can't just let it die, but we should try to do some rescue and remedy to delay its aging and prolong its life.
43. They started by blowing off the sand and dust on the murals, blowing one centimeter at a time, and their backs were sore and dizzy every day. Then there is the paste of murals, also paste one centimeter at a time. Inject each place three times and stick it three times. In the end, the workers couldn't stand the crime, but Mr. Li Yunhe still insisted on it.
44. In addition, Li Yunhe presided over the restoration of murals in the main hall of Ta 'er Temple in Qinghai.
45. Completely different from the fast-paced life and work in the Internet age, the protection of Dunhuang is always advancing inch by inch, and those murals that are gradually blurred in time should be saved inch by inch from the irreversible fate. But I think, maybe without this slow pace, the whole era will become superficial.
46. With the help of advanced digital technology, a 4K ultra-high-definition widescreen theme film "Millennium Mogao" and the world's first 8K high-resolution image maximum "Dream Buddha Palace" were created to show their cultural heritage.
47. We are all passers-by in history. When we leave, the Mogao Grottoes will still be there.
48. In all matters related to human morality and culture, we need to make value judgments based on the overall interests of human beings, instead of caring about personal gains and losses and temporary interests. The conscience of scholars stems from the responsibility of culture. In any case, if personal negligence led to the destruction of the Mogao Grottoes, then he is a sinner of history.
49. Research, all decisions should be based on realistic research.
50. Talent means competitiveness. The business in the world is the talent in the end. Everyone is short of talent, and everyone is short of money, but the first thing that is lacking is talent. So I think that what happens in the world is one about people and the other about money, but in the final analysis, people are more important than money.
5 1. In the long run, the protection of the Mogao Grottoes must first adhere to scientific management, and let the protection enter the track of legalization and standardization. Secondly, it is no exaggeration to use the best instruments to protect the precious world cultural heritage such as Dunhuang Grottoes by means of science and technology. In addition, international cooperation should be strengthened to make the protection and management of Dunhuang grottoes in line with international standards.
52. Protection first, rescue first, rational utilization and strengthening management ",these four points are clearly summarized. Only by proper management can the protection and opening of heritage sites be solved.
Dunhuang studies is a subject with extremely extensive coverage and infinitely rich contents. Its research objects mainly include Dunhuang Grottoes and Tibetan scriptures, involving many fields of philosophy and social sciences such as religion, art, history, archaeology, geography, economy, language and literature, nationality, folklore and so on. It is an interdisciplinary subject, including "Juexue" and unpopular subjects.
54. To study and promote Dunhuang culture, we should not only dig deep into the philosophical thoughts, humanistic spirit, values and moral norms contained in Dunhuang culture and historical relics, but also reveal the cultural spirit and cultural mind of the Chinese nation contained in them and constantly strengthen cultural self-confidence.
55. Huang Research Institute should go out and introduce it to show the achievements of Dunhuang studies in China and master the right to speak in international Dunhuang studies; To do a good job in the digital return of Dunhuang cultural relics, we should do a good job in the digital enjoyment of Dunhuang culture and art, tell the story of Dunhuang and spread the voice of China; It is necessary to build Dunhuang Research Institute into a model of chinese heritage's protection and inheritance and a highland of international Dunhuang studies.
56. The four major goals planned by Dunhuang Academy are to build a world-class mural protection center, a world-class research center, a world-class exhibition center and a world-class information center.
57. Dunhuang Grottoes are the general names of Dunhuang Grottoes, West Thousand Buddha Cave, Yulin Grottoes in Guazhou County, East Thousand Buddha Cave, Xiadongzi Grottoes in Shuixiakou, Wusi Grottoes and Yisi Grottoes in Subei County at the western end of Gansu Province.
58. History is fragile because it is written on paper and painted on the wall. History is powerful because there are always a group of people who are willing to protect the truth of history and hope that it will never be erased.
59. Everyone who can leave the rich life and come to the Mogao Grottoes has precious beliefs and has overcome the temptations and desires in the secular sense.
60. Young people have three paths to take, one is the ecliptic, the other is the white road, and the other is the underworld. The ecliptic is an official, the white road is rich, and the underworld is learning and groping for progress in the dark.
6 1. Only the spirit can create the material world.
62. The history of mankind is so long and the universe is so limited that man is only a moment in the universe.
63. Aging and death are natural laws. In fact, what is really sad is that there are many regrets in life that cannot be made up. What really scares people is that I don't know where my heart has gone. Death will make us reluctantly bid farewell to those valuable things in life, let us put down those interesting and meaningful careers, and let us never have a chance to start again. Like, dislike, miss, dislike, will leave.
In the face of death, only those who are sure that they have found and got the most valuable thing in life will have such calmness and courage. Just as Wang Yangming was dying, the students asked him what he wished for. He left eight words: "What can I say if my heart is bright?"