It's an inkstone used by the ancients to write.
Duanyan is one of the most famous inkstones, which is produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province. Its inkstone belongs to Devonian argillaceous siliceous mica schist. The mineral composition is argillaceous, sericite, timely and micro-magnetite. The mineral particle size is less than 0.0 1mm, the composition is uniform, the texture is fine, and it is easy to ink. The sericite in the rock makes the inkstone delicate, soft and smooth without damage. The coexistence of argillaceous and siliceous makes the inkstone soft and firm. The compactness of slate makes the ink storage of inkstone not exhausted.
The production of Duan inkstone has a history of 1000 years, which is well-known overseas. Duan inkstone, especially the old pit stone, is the most precious. There is a saying that a catty of Guangdong ink stone is worth thousands of dollars. She inkstone is named after it was produced in Shexian County, Anhui Province. Its present stone belongs to the gray-black slate containing quartz powder and sand in the Upper Banxi Group of Proterozoic Sinian System. The mineral components are sericite, timely, microcrystalline pyrite, pyrrhotite, white iron ore, limonite and argillaceous, and the mineral particles are fine, generally ranging from 0.005 to 0.05438+0 mm.. The stone is dense and delicate and won't damage the hair. Ink stone generally contains sericite, which makes the ink durable. The uniform distribution of timely particles makes She Yan have the characteristics of "fine and sharp in the middle, combining rigidity with softness". Pyrite and white iron ore microcrystals in inkstone are small gold stars and silver stars, which are called "Jinxing inkstone" or "Silver Star inkstone". Su Dongpo, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, commented on inkstone: "The beauty of inkstone moistens the ink color, and the rest remains. However, the two are harmful, and the ink maker will spend a lot of money, and it will not cost the author money to return the ink. Only the inkstone does not leave the pen, it is slippery and dull. " In Su Dongpo's eyes, she inkstone is a treasure on earth and the crown of inkstone garden.
Yan Tao was born in Taohe, Gansu Province, and was discovered in Taohe by Wang Zhao in the fourth year of Xining, Song Shenzong (A.D. 107 1). This inkstone is a argillaceous slate in hydromica of Lower Carboniferous, which is metamorphic from argillaceous rocks. Its mineral composition is argillaceous, hydromica, Yingshi and chlorite. Its mineral particle size is less than 0.0 1mm, and its texture is dense, delicate and moist. Store ink in it, it won't leak out overnight, it will make ink like oil, it won't repel ink when it is slippery, it won't stick to the pen when it is astringent, and it won't damage the hair. Once Yan Tao was published, scholars rushed to buy it, which made it famous for a while. Huang Tingjian said: "Zhou Taoqing does not contain wind, so he can sharpen it into a cone." Su Dongpo intoned: "An ethereal immortal lives in a fairy, and a cloud is transformed." "Green is like a robe, the deeper it is, the cuter it is," Zhang Wenqian praised. "The window is full of ink, and Duanzhou is unparalleled." Masters profoundly described Yan Tao's physical characteristics and calligraphy function from different aspects.
Cheng inkstone, one of the four famous inkstones, is produced in where? Opinions vary: some say it is produced in Jiangzhou, Shanxi, some say it is produced in Lingbao, Henan, and some say it is produced in Suzhou, Jiangsu. Suzhou Chengyanshi is dark gray to dark green argillaceous slate and silty argillaceous slate. The formation age of strata is Permian in Upper Paleozoic, which was formed by argillaceous rock metamorphism. The main mineral is sericite, followed by argillaceous, iron and a small amount of quartz powder sand. Tuberculosis and brachiopod fossils can be seen. Rock hardness is moderate, and it is not easy to be broken. Slate can reach 100.
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100 cm above, the thickness of single layer of inkstone reaches tens of cm. Suzhou inkstone is famous for its delicate texture and easy carving. The produced inkstone does not dry up, and the ink delivery does not damage Guanghua, which is favored by users at home and abroad.
The inkstone has a long history in China, from the Tang Dynasty to the present, for thousands of years. Among the famous inkstones of past dynasties, most of them are slate, argillaceous slate and silty argillaceous slate. In addition to the four famous inkstones, He is silty argillaceous slate in Yinchuan, Ningxia, quartzite silty clay slate in Yushan, Jiangxi, purple-gray calcareous slate in Pangu inkstone in Jiyuan, Henan, and tuffaceous slate in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Those with marl and limestone as raw materials, such as Songhua inkstone in Tonghua, Jilin and Hongsi inkstone in Yidu, Shandong, are all microcrystalline limestone. Some limestone also contains animal fossils, which is the icing on the cake, and is the top grade of stone inkstone, such as Hunan chrysanthemum inkstone and trilobite inkstone. It can be seen that the quality of inkstone depends on the texture of rock, and the outstanding calligraphy function of the four famous inkstones benefits from the excellent quality of rock. (Author: Yao Jianping)