"Bu Suanzi Yong Mei"

Poetry of Mao Zedong"·Bu Suanzi·Yong Mei

Bu Suanzi·Yong Mei

Read Lu You's poem "Yong Mei" and use it contrary to its meaning.

Wind and rain send spring back,

Flying snow welcomes spring.

The cliff is already covered with hundreds of feet of ice,

There are still beautiful flowers and branches.

Quiet doesn’t fight for spring,

Only reports that spring has come.

When the mountain flowers were in full bloom,

She smiled among the bushes.

December 1961

Translated poem

Wind and rain send spring away,

Flying snow welcomes spring again.

It is the season when hundreds of feet of icicles form on the cliff,

But there are still beautiful flowers blooming.

Pretty but not robbed of the beauty of spring,

Just reporting the news of spring.

When the mountain flowers bloom all over the earth,

The plum blossoms will laugh among the flowers.

Appreciation

Plum blossom is a theme that has been chanted by ancient Chinese literati for thousands of years. In the Song Dynasty, Lin Hejing, a great hermit who appreciated plum blossoms, constantly sang poems about plum blossoms. The sentiment of "wife plum blossoms and cranes" resides in the plum blossoms. It can be said that the literati loves plum blossoms the most. Chairman Mao relied on Lu You's poem "Yong Mei" here, but used it contrary to its meaning. "Bu Suanzi Yong Mei" is indeed very different from what Lu You wrote. Lu You wrote about the loneliness and nobleness of plum blossoms, admiring the flowers alone, which attracted the envy and jealousy of the flowers. But the Chairman's poem is about the beauty, positivity and perseverance of plum blossoms, which are not sad but smiling, not arrogant but have the integrity and pride of revolutionaries in the new era. There are countless poems about plum blossoms in China, with similar general artistic conceptions and major tunes. Chairman Mao indeed made an extraordinary move in the style of a great poet of his generation. A poem about plum blossoms can sweep away the sad, decadent, and reclusive atmosphere of the literati. , creating a new landscape and new atmosphere, which is breathtaking and convincing.

Year after year, wind and rain send spring away, but heavy snow in the sky welcomes spring back. Even if there are hundreds of feet of ice on the county cliffs, facing such a grand and cold winter scene, the plum blossoms still stand alone and stand proudly. Of course, poets also follow ancient teachings, express their ambitions with poems, and also express their ambitions through plum blossoms. At this critical moment when "the sky is rolling high and the cold current is rushing" (i.e., China's three years of natural disasters and the fierce anti-imperialist and anti-revisionist struggles at that time), the poet encouraged himself and comforted others with the plum blossoms blooming in the middle of winter. We should learn from plum blossoms and bravely face challenges to show off our beauty in such dangerous situations. The poet uses the word "Qiao" very well. The image of plum blossoms that have never appeared appears in this word. This is the image of a happy person, a confident person, and a winner. Of course, this is not only the image of plum blossoms in the poet's eyes, but also the image of the poet himself and the Chinese Communists. This "Qiao" contains so many profound meanings, being proactive and never giving in.

At the bottom of the column, the poet guides the image of plum blossoms in depth. Although it is pretty, it does not take away the beauty of spring. It is just a messenger of spring, sending us the message of spring. But when the cold winter passes and spring shines all over the fields, the plum blossoms hide alone among the thousands of flowers and smile happily. Plum blossom, in the eyes of the poet, is a warrior. It fights against the severe cold, just to win the spring, announce the coming of spring, and then retreat, without robbing the beauty of spring. This image is that of selflessness and silent dedication. The poet has greatly deepened the image of plum blossoms here. It has become the image of an international communist fighter. It has changed from a Chinese revolutionist to a world revolutionist. In New China, the image of plum blossom has been shaped by poets, making it plumper and taller.

Meaning:

Outside the post pavilion, near the broken bridge, flowers bloomed lonely and lonely, but no one made the decision. Whenever the sun goes down, the sadness of loneliness always arises in my heart, especially when it is windy and raining.

I don’t want to spend all my time fighting for beauty, and I just want to let the flowers be jealous. Fallen and withered, turned into mud and crushed into dust, only the fragrance remains the same.

Appreciation:

Beside the broken bridge outside the post office, it is lonely and ownerless. It is already dusk and I am sad alone, and it is even more windy and rainy. There is no intention of struggling for spring, and once everyone is jealous. It fell into mud and was crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remained the same.

This is a poem by Lu You to praise the plum blossoms. In fact, it is also Lu You’s own work to praise the plum blossoms. The first film describes the experience of plum blossoms: the place where it takes root is outside the desolate post house and next to the broken bridge. Yi pavilions were ancient places where people delivering official documents and resting during their journeys. Coupled with the wind and rain at dusk, the environment was rendered so desolate and desolate! The experience of writing about plum blossoms is also the author's own political experience of being excluded.

The next piece describes the character of plum blossoms: I am jealous of all the flowers, but I have no intention of competing with them. Even if it withers and falls, turning into mud and dust, I still maintain its fragrance. The last two sentences are the spirit of "Li Sao" "If I don't know it, it's already gone, but I still have love, but I believe in it", and "Although I understand it, I haven't changed, so I can't spare my heart to punish it". It has a deeper meaning than Wang Anshi's poem about apricots: "Even if it is blown into snow by the east wind, it will be crushed into dust by Nanmo."

Lu You's political career: he was recommended to the first place in the examination in his early years, which was jealous of Qin Hui; during Xiaozong's reign, he was squeezed out by Long Dayuan and Zeng Zhan; After managing the Central Plains, he found that he was hampered by the ruling group and could not fulfill his ambitions. In his later years, he agreed with Han Zhouzhou's Northern Expedition, but Han Zhouzhou was framed after his failure. When we read this poem of his and relate it to his political experiences, we can see that it is a microcosm of his life experience. The plum blossoms written in the poem are the embodiment of his noble character.

The literati of the Tang and Song dynasties respected the character of plum blossoms, which was different from the literati of the Six Dynasties. However, famous lines such as "Secret fragrance and sparse shadows" written by Lin Hejing are just the feelings of masters and hermits; although there are some writers who use plum blossoms to describe their own character, they can only say: "There is no spring breeze, how can I ***, Haitang said. "(Su Tailai of the Southern Song Dynasty, "Frost Sky Dawn: Ode to Plum Blossoms") This is just one aspect of Lu You's poem "I have no intention of struggling for spring, and I am jealous of all the flowers." Lu You's friend Chen Liang wrote a poem about plum blossoms in four lines: "One flower suddenly changes first, and hundreds of flowers are fragrant later. If you want to convey the message of spring, you are not afraid of being buried in the snow." He wrote that he had foresight on politics, was not afraid of blows, and insisted on justice. Spirit is the embodiment of Chen Liang’s entire personality. Lu You's poem describes the proud image of a frustrated hero. I think these are the two most outstanding works of plum blossom poetry in the Song Dynasty.

Appreciation:

Lu You

Beside the broken bridge outside the post office, it is lonely and ownerless.

It is already dusk, I am sad alone, and it is even more windy and rainy.

I have no intention of fighting for spring, but I will let everyone be jealous.

It fell into mud and was crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same.

The author of this poem "Bu Suanzi" annotated "Yong Mei", but its meaning is beyond the words, just like Mr. Lianxi (Zhou Dunyi) who "only loves the lotus that emerges from the mud but is not stained, and touches the clear ripples without being evil." ) uses lotus flowers to describe himself, the author uses plum blossoms to describe himself.

Lu You once praised plum blossoms as "the more awe-inspiring they become when the snow blows and the wind blows, and the integrity of the flowers is the strongest" ("Falling Plum Blossoms"). The plum blossoms are so quiet and unconventional, and stand out among all other flowers, but now they are blooming outside the inn in the countryside, next to the dilapidated "broken bridge". Naturally, they are deserted, lonely, cold, and neglected. From this sentence we can see that it is neither a plum in the official palace nor a plum in a famous garden, but a "wild plum" growing in a remote suburb. It neither received the care it deserved nor had anyone to appreciate it. As the seasons changed, it bloomed and withered silently. It is alone, looking around at a loss. Who is willing to take a look at it? It is an ownerless plum. In the sentence "Loneliness blooms without a master", the poet pours his feelings into the objective scenery. The first sentence is a scene language, and this sentence is already a love language.

At sunset and dusk, the twilight is hazy. How can this lonely, uncared-for plum blossom bear this desolation? It only has "sorrow" - and "sorrow alone". These words echo the "loneliness" in the previous sentence. Moreover, it happened that at this time, the wind blew again and it started to rain. The two words "watch" are equally powerful, describing the difficult situation of the plum blossom. However, despite the harsh environment, it still "bloomed"! It's like, "Thousands of trees are cold and colorless, but there are only flowers in the southern branches" (Daoyuan); It's like, "The flowers dare to emerge from the snow, and one tree alone is the first to spring in the world" (Yang Weizhen).

In short, from the above four sentences, it can be seen that the pressure on the plum blossoms is everywhere, in the sky and on the ground, in all directions, but it is finally broken by it, because it still opens! Who is the winner? It should be said that it is plum blossom!

The last column focuses on the difficult situation of plum blossoms, and it does still have "sorrow". In terms of artistic techniques, when writing about sorrow, the author did not use the usual metaphors used by poets and poets to describe sorrow like this or that, but used environment, time and natural phenomena to highlight it. Kuang Zhouyi said: "Ci is a master of describing so many "scenery" in a subtle and distant way, and only describing the scenery, but the spirit is at ease in words." ("Hui Feng Ci Hua") In other words, the poet describes so many "scenery" in order to obtain The "spirit" of plum blossoms; "Those who are good at romance are good at describing scenes" (Tian Tongzhi's "Xipu Ci"). The four sentences in the first film can be said to be "double scenes".

Xia Qiu, Tomei sends his wishes.

Plum blossoms bloom the earliest. "Thousands of trees are about to break when frozen, but a solitary root grows warm alone" (Qi Ji); "I don't know if the water blooms first, but I suspect it is because the winter snow has not gone away" (Zhang Wei). It ushered in spring. But it "has no intention of struggling for spring". In spring, flowers are in full bloom, competing for beauty and beauty, but plum blossoms do not "fight hard for spring". Ling Han takes the lead, just a little bit of sincerity to welcome the spring and herald the spring. "Bitterness" refers to fighting to the death, working hard, and trying one's best. It satirizes Qunfang from the side. The plum blossoms are not trying to compete for spring. If the plum blossoms are "jealous", that is their own business. Just let them be jealous. Here, writing about things and writing about people are completely intertwined. Flowers and trees are ruthless, flowers bloom and fall, which is a natural phenomenon. The saying "fighting for spring" is a metaphor. "Jealousy" cannot be owned by plants and trees. These two sentences show that Lu You has a unique character and will never associate with those who compete for favors or flattery, and his pride is not afraid of slander, but he is loyal and self-sufficient.

Last words. Taking the "unique and high quality" of plum blossoms to another level: "It falls into mud and is crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same." The previous sentence inherits the previous sentence's miserable situation of loneliness and ownerlessness, dusk and sunset, wind and rain, etc. The seven words in this sentence are frustrated four times: "falling off". Unable to be ravaged by the violent rain and wind, the plum blossoms have withered one after another. This is the first level. The fallen flowers lie on the ground, mixed with the mud and water, and it is difficult to distinguish which ones are flowers and which ones are mud. This is the second layer. The word "grind" shows the ruthlessness of the tormentor and the great pressure on the tormented. This is the third level. As a result, the plum blossoms were destroyed, trampled and turned into dust. This is the fourth level. Look, how tragic the fate of plum blossoms is, it is simply unbearable to read. But the author's purpose is by no means just to arouse people's sympathy by writing about the tragic experience of plum blossoms; from the writing technique, it is still foreshadowing and building momentum, in order to bring the meaning of the next sentence to its peak. Although the plum blossoms have withered, been trampled into soil, and crushed into dust, please see, "only the fragrance remains the same", and its "unique" fragrance will always remain the same, and it cannot change at all.

The last sentence has the power to lift the whole article, and throw away the unfortunate situation of the plum blossoms in front of it, the desolation, decay and sadness of the wind and rain, the withering and falling, turning into mud and dust. Arrived beyond the clouds. It is exactly "the last sentence of the poem is about to see the end of the festival" (Zhuo Renyue's "Ci Tong"). And this "end of the festival" can be "imagined" precisely because this word uses Bixing techniques, which is very successful. It expresses ambitions by supporting things, leaving a very deep impression on us, and it becomes a masterpiece of praising plum blossoms.

Introduction to the author:

Biography

Lu You (1125-1210), named Wuguan, also known as Fangweng, lived in Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) city) people. Patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Father Lu Zai is an intellectual with patriotic thoughts. Family education enabled Lu You to establish the thought of caring about the country and the people and the ambition to kill the enemy and serve the country from an early age. He was eager to learn since he was a child, and "he was capable of poetry and prose at the age of twelve." He also learned swordsmanship and studied military science. Around the age of 25, he learned poetry from Zeng Ji, a poet with patriotic ideas, and benefited a lot from it. From then on, he determined the patriotic tone of his poetry creation.

In the 23rd year of Shaoxing (1153), he went to Lin'an to take the Jinshi examination. Because of his "happy discussion restoration", he was hated by Qin Hui and was expelled during the re-examination. It was not until three years after Qin Hui's death (1158) that he became the chief registrar of Ningde County, Fuzhou. At the beginning of Song Xiaozong's accession to the throne, he was summoned and given a Jinshi background.

We seem to hear Qu Yuan's persistence and determination in "The road is long and long, and I will search up and down"; we seem to see Du Fu's depression and heaviness in "worrying about the Li Garden in his poor years and sighing for the heat in his intestines". It can be said that "if you live high in the temple, you worry about the people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you worry about the king; if you advance, you will worry, if you retreat, you will worry." It is precisely with this social background and such ideological foundation that we are reading In "Yong Mei", we can clearly see the poet's unswerving pursuit until death.

At the beginning of the poem, a set of desolate shots are shown. Next to the deserted inn, people are opening and falling... The word "outside" and the word "side" make it easy for us to understand the poet Even though he is full of talent, he is lonely and unappreciated. Next, the camera takes a closer look, and the vast dusk is enveloped in deep melancholy, with wind and rain intertwining. There is a strong tendency to never give up until death. The word "gentle" not only expresses the viciousness, fierceness and depth of hatred of jealous people. At the same time, it also reflects the poet's steadfastness of "I would rather be in pieces than in pieces". In this way, by describing the difficult situation of plum blossoms, the poet reveals the dark reality that "the trees are beautiful in the forest, the wind will blow them, they will be piled up on the shore, the current will be turbulent, and those who are above others will be different". This hints at the strong pressure and heavy blow he has suffered politically. The second part of the poem further chants things and expresses aspirations. Aren't "unintentional" and "hard struggle" the natural expression of the poet's feelings of "being humble and not daring to worry about the country"? Isn't this just like the plum blossoms blooming first, but they don't fight for favor early? "Yi Ren" expresses the aloofness and perseverance of plum blossoms. "It falls into mud and is crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same." It means that even if it is piled up and turned into soil. Crushed into dust, the fragrance in my heart remains unchanged. This pushed the author's thoughts and feelings to a climax, and strongly expressed the poet's unwillingness to go along with the secular world, and his self-esteem, self-love and self-discipline that "even though he died nine times, he still has no regrets".

Throughout the whole poem, the poet uses objects to describe people and expresses his ambitions. He cleverly uses plum blossoms that have been battered and fragrant with pollen to describe his loyalty, which is not vulgar despite the ups and downs in his life. This is also true. As he wrote in a poem praising plum blossoms, "When the time comes, it will drift away, and I will be ashamed of Xiangdong Jun and feel even more pity for me." With his full patriotic enthusiasm, Lu You composed patriotic poems one after another, inspiring and motivating generations of people. It can be said that -

My temples have been made of snow for many years, and my heart is like a pill until death.