Li Bai's life
Li Bai, also known as Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of my country. His poetic style was majestic and unrestrained, rich in imagination, his language flowed naturally, and his music was harmonious. Changeable. He is good at absorbing nutritious material from folk songs and myths to form his own unique magnificent colors. It is a new peak of positive romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. Together with Du Fu, he is also known as "Li Du".
1. He likes to be a chivalrous man and likes to be free and horizontal
Li Bai was born in Suiye in the Western Regions in the first year of Chang'an of Wu Zetian (701 AD). When he was five years old, he settled with his family in Changlong (today's Sichuan). Qinglian Township, Jiangyou County).
When Li Bai was young, he liked to be a knight and liked to be active. The Mianzhou area where Changlong is located has been a place where Taoism has been active since the late Han Dynasty.
Therefore, since Li Bai was a boy, he often went to Daitian Mountain to find Taoist priests in Taoist temples to discuss the Taoist scriptures.
Later, he lived in seclusion in Mian Mountain with a hermit named Dong Yanzi, and devoted himself to studying for many years. They do not enter the city. They raise many exotic birds in the mountains and forests where they live. These beautiful and docile birds, because they are used to raising them, fly to them regularly to beg for food, as if they can understand human language. When called, the birds flew from all directions to the steps and even pecked grains from people's hands without fear at all. This incident was spread as an anecdote from far and near, and eventually the governor of Mianzhou went to the mountains to watch the birds in person. Food situation. Seeing that they could command the movements of birds, the governor thought that they had Taoist skills, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Taoist examination. However, both of them politely refused.
Zhao Rui, a famous strategist at that time, was also Li Bai's good friend. He wrote ten volumes of "The Long and Short Classics" in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716 AD). Li Bai was only sixteen years old at that time. Zhao Rui's book is a comprehensive examination of the Six Classics. Li Bai's strategist-style writings, which included similarities and differences, analyzed the world's situation, and focused on the rise and fall of chaos, aroused great interest in Li Bai. In the future, he was determined to make achievements and liked to talk about the way of kings and hegemons. It was also influenced by this book. < /p>
2. Traveling far and wide with a sword
In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725 AD), Li Bai left Shu, "going to the country with a sword, saying goodbye to relatives and traveling far away". He took a boat along the river The gorge gradually went further and further away, and the mountains of his hometown gradually disappeared and became unrecognizable. Only the water flowing out of the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat forward and sending him to a strange and distant city. < /p>
1·Jianling met Sima Zhen by chance
Li Bai did not expect to have an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Zhen, a Taoist priest revered by three generations of emperors.
Tiantai Taoist Sima Jian not only learned a complete set of Taoist spells, but he was also good at writing seal script and his poems were as graceful as immortals. Xuanzong respected him very much and once summoned him to the inner hall to consult the scriptures and also gave him a He built a balcony temple and sent his younger sister Princess Yuzhen to learn Taoism from him.
Li Bai was naturally very happy to see this favored Taoist priest, and even gave him his own poems. Review. Li Bai's arrogance and extraordinary qualifications made Sima Zhen admire him very much when he saw him. When he read his poems and essays, he was even more amazed and praised him for "having the spirit of an immortal and being able to travel to the eight extremes with the spirit." This is because He saw that Li Bai not only had extraordinary appearance and bearing, but also had extraordinary talents and writings, and he was not obsessed with the honors and officialdom of the world. This was a talent he had not seen in the government and in the opposition for decades, so he used Taoism's highest praise. words to praise him. This means that he has "immortal roots", that is, he has the innate factors to become an immortal. It has the same meaning as when He Zhizhang later praised him as an "immortal", both of which regarded him as an extraordinary person. This is Li Bai's demeanor and poetry style give people a general impression.
Li Bai was delighted by Sima Zhen's high evaluation. He was determined to pursue such an eternal and immortal "Wandering around the Eight Extremes" The world. When he was excited, he wrote a great poem "Ode to a Dapeng Encountering a Rare Bird", using the Dapeng as a metaphor for himself and exaggerating the size and speed of the Dapeng. This was Li Bai's earliest famous article.
From Jiangling, he began his journey of thousands of miles.
The following is "The Poems of Birds When the Dapeng Encounters a Strange Bird":
The Poems of a Bird When the Dapeng Meets an Unexpected Bird< /p>
When I was in Jiangling in the past, I saw Sima Ziwei on the Tiantai. He said that I had the spirit of immortality and could travel with the spirit to the eight extremes.
Because the big roc encounters a rare bird, it can spread itself. This Fu has been passed down to the world and is often seen in the world. I regretted that he had done so little and failed to realize his grand purpose, so he abandoned it in his middle age. When I read the Jin Dynasty, I saw Ruan Xuanzi Dapeng praising him, and I despised him. Then I updated my memory and found that the old version was mostly different. Now that the collected works have been restored, how dare you pass them on to the authors? I am just a descendant of the common people.
The words are: Nanhua Immortal, discovered the secret of heaven in Qiyuan. He spoke of noble opinions and spoke of mighty wonders. The expedition is strange to Qi Xie, and we talk about the fish in Beiming. I don't know how many thousands of miles it is, but its name is Kun. Transformed into a Dapeng, the quality is condensed into a pure embryo. He took off his mane on the island and spread his feathers at the gate of heaven. The spring flow of Bo Bo is brushing, and the fusang is blooming in the morning. It is as bright as the universe, and its mausoleum is as tall as Kunlun. A drum and a dance, the smoke is hazy and the sand is dim. The five mountains were shaken by it, and all the rivers collapsed.
You are digging into the thick ground and exposing Taiqing. The sky is high and the sky is high, and the sky is high. Stimulate three thousand to rise, and conquer ninety thousand quickly. The Cui Wei of Taishan Mountain is carried on its back, and its wings are lifted up by the long clouds. Turn left and right, suddenly dark and bright. After a long period of sweat, it has been corrected in its early years, and it is majestic and majestic. To win over Hongmeng and slap Thunder. The sky is shaking, the mountains are shaking and the sea is falling. There is no fighting in anger, no fighting in heroism. You can certainly imagine its potential, just like its shape.
If it is enough to linger in the rainbow, your eyes will shine in the sun and moon. Procrastination and procrastination, squandering and squandering. If you blow the air, clouds will form in the sky, and if you sprinkle the hair, the snow will fly thousands of miles away. Miao is in the wilderness of the north, and he will be poor in the south. Yun Yihan beats by the side, and the drum rushes and drives for a long time. The candle dragon holds the light in its mouth to illuminate things, and the missing people use whips to start the journey. You can see three mountains from a block, and you can see five lakes from a cup. His movements are in response to the gods, and his actions are consistent with the way. Let the public stop fishing when they see it. If you are poor, you will not dare to bend the arc. Don't throw your pole and miss the arrowhead, and raise your head with a long sigh.
You are majestic and majestic, rolling over the river. The sky is covered with green grass above, and the sky is covered with mountains below. Pangu opened the sky and looked straight at it, while Xihe leaned against the sun and sighed. It is so colorful that it covers half of the four seas. When the imagination is hidden, it is like confusion and uncertainty. Suddenly it turns and turns, and the clouds spread out and the fog disperses.
2. Friends buried in Dongting
Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed through Yueyang, and then went south, then arrived at one of the destinations of his trip.
But While boating in Dongting, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion from Sichuan, Wu Zhizhi, died of a sudden illness. Li Bai was so sad that he fell beside his friend and cried loudly, "weeping all his life and then bleeding." Because he cried so painfully, passers-by shed tears when they heard him. Encountering such misfortune on the journey, he was really helpless, so Li Bai had to temporarily bury Wu Guide at the Dongting Lake, and continued his journey eastward, determined to reach the southeast. After the tour, he came to carry the bones of his friends.
Li Bai came to Lushan and wrote the popular poem "Wang Lushan Waterfall".
3·Journey to the South of the Yangtze River
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Li Bai arrived at Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The place was majestic, with tigers and dragons sitting on top of each other, and the palace experiences of the Six Dynasties were vivid in his mind. This not only aroused many emotions in Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in the era he lived in. He He believed that the capital of the past was in a state of decline and there was nothing to admire anymore. It was not as good as the peaceful scene that the current emperor ruled from the top down and the world presented a peaceful scene.
Although the domineering power of Jinling has disappeared, but However, the children of Jinling received Li Bai with affection. When Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, Wu Ji made wine, and the children of Jinling greeted each other attentively and frequently raised glasses to encourage people to drink. The farewell feeling was like a river flowing in the east, flowing through people's hearts and making them happy. It is unforgettable.
After Li Bai said goodbye to Jinling, he headed for Yangzhou on the river.
Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai had never seen such a lively city, and he and his fellow travelers Everyone lingered for some time. In midsummer, Li Bai and some young friends "tied their horses under the hanging willows, holding cups on the side of the road. Seeing green water in the sky and green mountains in the sea", they felt very comfortable. In autumn, he was in Huainan (governing Yangzhou) fell ill. He was sick in a foreign country and had many thoughts. He lamented that his hope of achieving success was slim, and he missed his hometown deeply. The only thing that could bring him some comfort were letters from friends far away.
After Li Bai recovered from his illness in Zhunnan, he went to Gusu again. This was the place where King Wu Fu Chai and the beautiful lady Xi Shi sang and danced day and night. Li Bai felt nostalgic about the past and wrote an epic poem "Wu Qi Qu". This poem was later praised by He Zhizhang, saying that it "can make ghosts and gods weep". From this point of view, although Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes used old titles, they often had new ideas.
Gusu's The historical relics certainly aroused Li Bai's nostalgia, and the beautiful and innocent Wu Ji and the Yue girls made Li Bai admire him. At the foot of the Tiluo Mountain in Huansha, Xishi in the past, Li Bai used his own flower-making pen to paint the current Yue on the Huansha Stone. The woman left behind a series of beautiful sketches.
Li Bai returned from Vietnam to the west and returned to Jingmen.
He stayed in Jingmen for three months. Although he was homesick, he With no achievements in his achievements, he found it difficult to return home. Finally, he decided to roam again.
First, he came to Dongting Lake and moved the bones of Wu Guide to Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei). Jiangxia got acquainted with Seng Xingrong and learned about Meng Haoran from him, so he went to Xiangyang to meet Meng Haoran, and thus wrote the famous five-rhythm poem "Gift to Meng Haoran"
Soon, Li Bai arrived in Anlu , lived in a Taoist temple in Xiaoshoushan Mountain. However, living in seclusion here was not a long-term solution. He still wanted to look for opportunities to advance as an official. While living in seclusion in Shoushan Mountain, Li Bai made friends with officials through lobbying to improve his reputation. .
Li Bai's literary talent was appreciated by Xu Yushi, the prime minister of Empress Wu, and he was recruited as his son-in-law. Li Bai and his wife Xu lived a happy marriage under the peach blossom rocks in Baizhao Mountain, which was close to Xu's family. However, the beautiful married life did not weaken Li Bai's ambition to wander around in pursuit of success. He used his wife's family in Anzhou as his base and traveled several times to get acquainted with some officials and noble princes. In the second year (AD 734), he paid an audience with Han Chaozong, the governor of Jingzhou and the governor of Xiangzhou.
3. Entering Chang'an
Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Xuanzong came to the throne, he There were many hunts, and each time they brought foreign envoys with them to show off their power and intimidate neighboring countries. In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan (735 AD), Xuan
Emperor Xuanzong had another ferocious hunting trip, and Li Bai happened to be traveling to the west, so he wrote "Ode to the Great Hunting", hoping to win the appreciation of Xuanzong.
His "Ode to the Great Hunting" was intended to use "the great road to help the emperor," "Showing the vastness of things in the Zhou Dynasty", and "the gardens of the Holy Dynasty were wild and desolate, and the world was desolate". It was vast in territory and the situation was very different from that of the previous dynasties. It boasted that this dynasty was far superior to the Han Dynasty, and at the end he preached about Taoism's mysterious burial. It was in line with Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time.
The purpose of Li Bai's coming to the west was to offer gifts. In addition, he also took the opportunity to visit Chang'an and appreciate the scenery of this imperial capital where "all nations worshiped". He lived at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain , often climb Zhongnan Mountain to look into the distance. When he climbed to the north peak of Zhongnan Mountain, the scenery of a huge country appeared in front of him. He deeply felt that living in such a country was extraordinary, so he felt quite proud. But when he thought about it, Factors of decay had arisen within this prosperous empire, and his high spirits were hit again."
After entering Chang'an, Li Bai met Wei Wei Zhang Qing, and through him he presented poems to Princess Yuzhen, and finally The two sentences say "When a person is young, the Queen Mother should meet each other", which is to wish her to become a Taoist and become an immortal. Li Bai also stated in the poem to Zhang Qing, the Weiwei, that he was in a difficult situation, hoped to be recommended, and was willing to serve the court. From this, he Step by step, he approached the upper class of the ruling class.
Li Bai also met He Zhizhang in Chang'an this time. Li Bai once went to Ziji Palace, and unexpectedly met He Zhizhang there. He had already paid homage to Mr. He. He Zhizhang admired "The Road to Shu Difficult" and "Wu Qi Qu" very much, and excitedly took off the golden tortoise on his belt and called people out. Exchange wine and have a drink with Li Bai. He Zhizhang was so surprised by Li Bai's magnificent poems and the richness of his voice that he said, "Have you descended from the Taibai Venus to the earth?"
A year has passed. Even now, Li Bai is still visiting Chang'an and has no chance to take up the post. He feels a little depressed. His friends sincerely invite him and hope that he can go to live in seclusion in Qingshan Zhiyang, but Li Bai has no intention of going. This time he goes to Chang'an with the ideal of making contributions. , but found nothing, which made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little angry. He went to the prince's door to ask for help, but he was very dissatisfied. He could only leave Chang'an with the sigh of "it's hard to go back," and left Chang'an.
4. Enshrinement in Hanlin
In the first year of Tianbao (742 AD), due to the praise of Princess Yuzhen and He Zhizhang, Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired him very much, so he summoned Li Bai to join the army. Palace. On the day when Li Bai entered the palace to pay homage, Xuanzong came down to greet him, "put food in front of him on a seven-treasure bed, and spooned the soup with his own hands." Xuanzong asked about some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai, relying on his half-life study and long-term observation of society, was confident and answered fluently. Xuanzong He was greatly appreciated and immediately ordered Li Bai to serve in the Imperial Academy. His duties were to draft proclamations and accompany the emperor. Whenever Xuanzong had a banquet or outing, he would order Li Bai to attend him and use his agile poetic talent to compose poems and records. Although his merits were not recorded, his writings were also recorded. It was passed down to later generations and was used as a grand occasion to show off to future generations. Li Bai was so favored by Xuanzong that his colleagues were envious, but some people also felt jealous because of it.
In the early days of Tianbao, every winter Xuanzong brought the chiefs and When the envoy went to the Wen family for hunting, Li Bai naturally accompanied him. He wrote a poem on the spot to promote Xuanzong's virtues and praise the power of the Holy Dynasty, which won Xuanzong's appreciation. At this time, Xuanzong doted on Yang Yuhuan, and whenever he played with her in the palace, he would Xuanzong asked Li Bai to write some music lyrics and compose new songs for singing. Li Bai used his best talents and ideas to write these poems with the feeling of "a man bows his head to the country's nobles, and a strong man reveals his heart to his bosom friend".
When he was in Chang'an, In addition to serving the Hanlin and accompanying the emperor, Li Bai often walked in Chang'an City. He found that the country was in a state of prosperity, but there was a deep crisis. Those were the tyrannical eunuchs and arrogant relatives who were closest to the emperor. . They enveloped Chang'an and China like dark clouds, giving Li Bai a strong sense of depression.
At the same time, Li Bai's dissolute behavior was slandered by Zhang Tan, a Hanlin scholar, and there was a conflict between the two. There was some resentment. The favor of the eunuchs and relatives suddenly cooled down Li Bai's enthusiasm for "helping the common people". Although he was in Chang'an, he had no chance to display his skills of management and finance.
Li Bai was deeply moved by the corruption of the government and the slander of his colleagues. He wrote a poem "Hanlin's Reading Words to the Scholars"
He expressed his intention to return to the mountain. Unexpectedly, at this time, he was given gold and released. This seemed to surprise Li Bai. It seemed that Li Bai said something inappropriate when he was given gold and released.
This seems to be a surprise to Li Bai. Returning to the mountain this time is really a more dignified exile.
5. Traveling again
1·Wandering in the Liang and Song Dynasties
Tianbao three years (744 AD) ), Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu, who was not meeting him. The two greatest poets in the history of Chinese literature met. At this time, Li Bai had become famous throughout the country, but Du Fu was in his prime, but Trapped in Luo City. Li Bai was eleven years older than Du Fu, but he did not use his talent and reputation to be arrogant in front of Du Fu; and Du Fu, who was "rich in nature, addicted to alcohol," and "all his friends were old," did not blindly act in front of Li Bai. Bowing in praise. The two of them established a deep friendship as equals. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment to meet in the Liang and Song Dynasties (today's Shangqiu area of ????Kaifeng) to visit Taoism and seek immortality.
This year In the autumn, the two of them arrived in the Liang and Song Dynasties as promised. They expressed their feelings here and commented on the present through the past. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who had not yet received his official position. However, the three of them each had their own ambitions and ideals. The three of them traveled happily, commented on articles and poems, and talked about the general trend of the world. They were all worried about the hidden dangers of the country. At this time, Li and Du were both in their prime, and the creative discussion between the two had a positive impact on them in the future. .
In the autumn and winter of this year, Li and Du broke up again, each looking for Taoist disciples to make Zhen Zhen (the secret text of Taoism) and teach Tao Zhen. Li Bai went to Qizhou (today's Jinan, Shandong) (Area) Gao Tianshi, a Taoist priest in the Ziji Palace of the Qing Dynasty, taught him the Taoist priest Rugui. From then on, he officially fulfilled the Taoist rituals and became a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Texas, and met Gai Liao, who was good at writing talisman and seal script in this area. He created the True World. This time, Li Bai achieved perfect results in his quest for immortality.
In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (745 AD), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time in Donglu. Short In just over a year, they met twice and met three times, and their friendship continued to deepen. They visited the hermit master together, and also went to Qizhou to visit the world-famous essayist and calligrapher Li Yong. It was here. In the winter of that year, the two broke up, and Li Bai prepared to revisit Jiangdong.
2·Going east to Wuyue
After Li Bai left Donglu, he took a boat from Rencheng and followed the canal to Yangzhou. Because He was in a hurry to go to Kuaiji to meet Yuan Danqiu, so he didn't stay long.
When he arrived in Kuaiji, Li Bai first went to pay his respects to the deceased He Zhizhang. Soon, Kong Chaowen also arrived in Kuaiji, so Li Bai, Yuan Danqiu and Kong Chao Wen visited historical sites such as Yu Cave and Orchid Pavilion, boated on Jinghu Lake, and traveled to Yanxi River and other places. He wandered among the mountains and rivers and improvised descriptions of the beautiful mountains, rivers and beautiful women in this area.
In Jinling, Li Bai I met Cui Chengfu. Both were politically frustrated, and their feelings became even more similar. Every time they went out, they swam to their heart's content, regardless of morning or evening. They went boating on the Qinhuai River and sang all night long, which attracted people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to be amazed and clapped their hands to cheer them up. . Because the two had similar personalities and similar experiences, they had a closer understanding and deeper friendship than ordinary friends. Therefore, Li Bai tied Cui Chengfu's poems to his clothes and recited them whenever he missed them.
3·Exploring Youyan, Traveling to Jiangnan
Li Bai wandered in Wuyue for several years, wandering. At this time, the country was in chaos, and the situation was getting worse year by year. Guided by the mood of taking the rise and fall of the world as his own responsibility, He decided to go to Youyan (today's Beijing area) to explore the truth.
After arriving in Youyan, Li Bai saw with his own eyes the soldiers and horses in Anlu Mountain. The situation was very critical, but he was powerless. Two or three years before the Anshi Rebellion , Li Bai roamed in the Xuancheng, Dangtu, Nanling, and Qiupu areas, still having enough food and clothing, and often wrote poems and sent them to local officials for help.
During this roaming period, Li Bai’s wife Xu He died of illness and married Zong again. The family was in flux and the country was troubled. While Li Bai was seeking immortality and learning Taoism, he was also trying to make contributions to the country. He was quite concerned about the safety of the country. Although he was still wandering around, it was different from the past.
6. On the way to death
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai took refuge in Lushan. At that time, there was always a conflict in his mind between retiring and helping the world.
Thoughts. At this time, King Yong Li Li went on an eastward tour, and Li Bai was invited to show up.
Li Bai, behind the scenes, urged King Yong Qin to destroy the traitors, and he also made self-examination for his political lack of foresight. . Xiao Yingshi, Kong Chaowen, and Liu Yan who were also in the south of the Yangtze River were also invited by King Yong but refused to participate in order to avoid disaster. Li Bai was obviously inferior to them in this regard.
King Yong was defeated soon after. Li Bai was also imprisoned in Xunyang Prison for this. At this time, Cui Huan was proclaiming comfort to the south of the Yangtze River and recruiting talents. Li Bai wrote a poem asking for help, and his wife Zong also cried for help. Song Ruosi, who stationed three thousand Wu soldiers in Xunyang, freed Li Bai from prison. Li Bai was rescued from the shogunate and allowed him to join the shogunate. Li Bai became Song Ruosi's staff, wrote some essays for Song, and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai was highly valued under Song Ruosi's staff, and recommended him to the court again in the name of Song, hoping that He was once again appointed by the imperial court. But for some unknown reason, instead of being appointed, he was replaced by Changliu Yelang (now Zitong, Guizhou), which was completely unexpected. Because at that time Junba, a general under King Yong's command, was re-employed. What happened Therefore, the change that occurred may be related to the loss of power of Cui Huan and Zhang Hao.
In the winter of the second year of Zhide (757 AD), Li Bai traveled from Xunyang Road to Yelang, his place of exile. Because the crime he was sentenced to is a long-lasting one, which will soon be gone forever, and Li Bai is now in his twilight years. "The wanderer travels thousands of miles in the night, and the journey to the west makes people grow old."
Because Li Bai is even more sad. He was well-known in the country, and he was entertained by local officials along the way. Everyone respected him and did not regard him as an exiled sinner.
In the second year of Qianyuan (759 AD), When Li Bai traveled to Wushan, the imperial court announced a general amnesty due to a severe drought in Guanzhong, stipulating that the dead should be discharged from the river, and those below the river would be fully pardoned. In this way, after a long period of wandering, Li Bai finally gained freedom. He then rushed down the Yangtze River, and that The famous poem "Chafa from the Imperial City" best reflects his mood at that time.
When he arrived in Jiangxia, because his old friend Liang Zai was working as the governor there, Li Bai stayed for a while. In the second year of Qianyuan, Li Bai At the invitation of a friend, I once again went boating with the banished Jia Zhi to admire the moon in the Dongting. I thought about the ancient feelings and wrote poems to express my feelings. Soon, I returned to my old places of Xuancheng and Jinling. It lasted almost two years. , he traveled between the two places, still relying on people to make a living. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, Li Bai, who was in his early sixties, returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, his life was quite embarrassing, and he had no choice but to join the army who was the county magistrate in Dangtu. Clan uncle Li Yangbing.
In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (762 AD), Li Bai was seriously ill. He gave the manuscript to Li Yangbing while he was ill, composed the "Death Song" and passed away at the age of sixty-two.