1, Korean calligraphy:
It is divided into two forms: one is the mainstream system of China stone carving; One is tile seal, and the other is bamboo and silk alliance calligraphy and ink. The Monument to Yun Qi in the Later Han Dynasty is a symbol of Han Li's maturity.
Among the cliff stone carvings (words carved on cliffs), Ode to Shimen is the most famous, and calligraphers regard it as a "masterpiece". At the same time, Cai Yong's "Shi Ping Jing" has reached the requirements of restoring ancient ways and creating interesting tires.
Inscriptions are the most important art forms that reflect the times and rhythms, among which Feng Longshan, The West Chamber, Kong Zhou, Yi 'e, Chen Shi, Zhang Qian and Cao Quan are especially admired and imitated by later generations.
It can be said that each monument is unique and has no similarities. The northern book is magnificent, while the southern book is simple, which embodies the different aesthetic pursuits of the "scholar" and "vulgar" classes.
As for the tile seal and the simple silk script, it embodies the combination of artistry and practicality. The prosperity of calligraphy art began in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Calligraphy theory's works appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the earliest calligraphy theory author was Yang Xiong at the turn of the Han Dynasty. The first calligraphy theory monograph was a cursive script written by Cui Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Calligraphers in the Han Dynasty can be divided into two categories: one is calligraphers in the Han Dynasty, represented by Cai Yong. One is cursive writers, represented by Du Du, Cui Yuan and Zhang Zhi.
Bamboo slips calligraphy can best represent the characteristics of calligraphy in Han Dynasty. There are many inscriptions in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The inscriptions in this period were carved by Han Li, with square fonts, strict statutes and clear waves.
At this time, the official script has reached its peak. The creation and birth of cursive script in Han dynasty is of great significance in the history of calligraphy art, which indicates that calligraphy has begun to become an art that can express emotions and express calligraphers' personality with high freedom.
The primary stage of cursive script is cursive script. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, cursive script developed further and formed Cao Zhang. Later, Zhang Zhi founded modern calligraphy, namely cursive script.
2. During the Three Kingdoms Period:
During the Three Kingdoms period, official script began to decline from the peak position of Han Dynasty, and evolved into regular script, which became another theme of calligraphy art. Regular script, also known as official script and original work, was created by Zhong You. Regular script entered the history of stone carving in the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms (Wei) period, the List of Recommended Seasons and the Declaration Form became the treasures handed down from generation to generation.
During the Jin Dynasty, people advocated elegance and quality in daily life, and pursued the beauty of moderation and simplicity. Many calligraphers come forth in large numbers, and the artistic interest of bamboo slips of more than two kings (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi) caters to the requirements of literati. People are more and more aware of the aesthetic value of written words.
Wang Xizhi, the most representative of the spirit of Wei and Jin Dynasties, is the most influential calligrapher in the history of calligraphy and is known as the "sage of calligraphy".
Wang Xizhi's running script "Preface to Lanting" is known as "the best running script in the world", and critics say that his writing style is like a cloud and agile as a dragon. His son's "Ode to Luo Shen" is magnificent, creating a "broken style" and "a book", which is a great contribution in the history of calligraphy.
With the support of Lu Ji, Wei Guan, Suo Jing, Wang Dao, Xie An, Liang Jian and other calligraphy families, the calligraphy of the Southern School is quite prosperous.
Yang Xin, Qi, Xiao Ziyun and Chen of Liang in the Southern Song Dynasty were all his followers.
At the peak of calligraphy in Jin Dynasty, it was mainly manifested in running script, which was a font between cursive script and regular script.
His representative works "Three Wishes", namely "Yuan Bo Tie", "Sunny Tie in Fast Snow" and "Mid-Autumn Festival Tie".
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, calligraphy in the Southern and Northern Dynasties entered the era of North Monument and South Post. At this time, Wei Bei was the best calligrapher.
Weibei is the general name of inscription calligraphy in the Northern Wei and Southern and Northern Dynasties, and it is the transitional period from official script in Han Dynasty to regular script in Tang Dynasty. After the rebellion of the Eight Kings and the infighting of the royal family, the power gradually declined.
In the north, with the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty. It formed the chaotic period of "Five Hus and Sixteen Countries". After the Tuoba family established the Northern Wei Dynasty in 16 countries, it contributed to the relative unification of 149. This is the Northern Dynasty.
Calligraphy in the Northern Dynasties was mainly based on inscriptions, especially in the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei Dynasties, and its style was also colorful. Representative works include stele, Zhang Menglong stele and Shi Jingjun stele.
Calligraphy at this time is a transitional period from official script in Han Dynasty to regular script in Tang Dynasty. Kang Youwei said: "Anyone who chooses a family in Weibei is an adult. It is beautiful to combine all the families. "
Zhong Zhishuai's Xue Xuan Shu Pin said: "Wei Bei's calligraphy can be seen from the old Han and Qin Dynasties, and can be observed from the Sui and Tang Dynasties." Some regular script writers in the early Tang Dynasty, such as Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang, borrowed from Wei Bei. Jinshi moved eastward and perished. From 3 17 to 420 AD, it was the Southern Dynasty.
Calligraphy in the Southern Dynasties also inherited the ethos of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it was very popular from emperors to literati. Calligraphers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties are full of stars, and anonymous calligraphers are the mainstream.
They inherited the fine tradition of the previous generation of calligraphy and created excellent works worthy of their predecessors, which created the necessary conditions for the prosperity of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty.
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