Methods and benefits of reading 1 1) Notes and notes.
Annotation and note-taking method is to write down your own views, doubts and experiences about the content of the text in the blank of the book when reading. There are three forms: one is "eyebrow approval", that is, head approval; The second is "side approval", that is, approval next to a sentence or a paragraph; The third is the "last batch", that is, after a paragraph or the whole article.
The content of annotations mainly includes three aspects: first, annotations. When you encounter unfamiliar words, phrases and concepts while reading, you should immediately look them up in the dictionary, turn over the materials and make notes beside them. This will not only help to understand, but also help to remember, and at the same time clear the obstacles for the next reading. The second is comment on writing. Write about feelings, opinions, questions, etc. Produced when reading in the margin of the book. The third is warning. Mark the words "attention" and "importance" for places that are very important or need attention when repeating, so as to provide help for future reading.
The function of annotation and note-taking method: firstly, it makes people's thoughts highly concentrated and can improve reading effect; Second, it can make people gain more insights from the book and improve their ideological level; Third, it can improve the ability to analyze and evaluate things; Fourth, you can cultivate and improve your ability to express your thoughts.
2) Symbol marking method
A reading method, in which important places are marked with various symbols in the book for reference in application and attention in repeated reading. The main point is: 1. Underline important sentences. 2. Draw vertical lines next to important paragraphs. 3. Circle the key words or phrases. 4. Put a question mark where there is doubt. Draw exclamation marks where there is feeling, which Marx likes to use when reading.
The advantages of this method are: easy to find when using, helpful to remember the key content, and convenient to reread the key content in a little time.
3) rote learning
This is a memory-oriented reading method. Mainly: 1. After reading the article, immediately recall the main content and try to remember it. When reading the same text repeatedly, the interval should be as long as possible. 3. Remember as accurately as possible. If the content is not too much, try to remember it once; If the content is more, you can use the segmentation memory method.
The advantage of adopting this reading method is that it can quickly increase the accumulation of knowledge and is conducive to the cultivation and improvement of ability.
4) Bone crushing method
The way to chew bones is to ponder and chew the content of the text repeatedly until it is memorized. Mathematician Zhang Guanghou once saw a paper about deficit value, and thought it was good for his research work, so he read it again and again. He said: "This paper has more than 20 pages, and I have read it over and over again for more than half a year. Because I have been touching these pages with my hands, there is an obvious black mark on the edge of the white paper. This kind of repeated learning can greatly promote the research work.
The advantages of this reading method are: it is beneficial to digest and absorb the content of the article and shorten the process of transforming knowledge into ability.
5) Inquiry reading method
Most of the truth in the book can be obtained not through the interpretation of words, but through in-depth and meticulous study and thinking. The characteristic of inquiry reading is to put the touch of thinking behind the words and deeply understand the ideological content. Mathematician Hua said in Learning, Thinking and Perseverance: "How should we learn to read? I think when studying every question and chapter of a book, we should first see not only what is written, but also what is behind the book. That is to say, when we study some principles, laws and formulas in books, we should not only remember its conclusion and understand its truth, but also imagine how people came up with it, how many twists and turns and how many keys were broken before reaching this conclusion.
The advantages of this reading method are: a deep understanding of the text content can raise the understanding to a rational level, which is conducive to the transformation from knowledge to ability. Reading should not only have the correct method, but also have the spirit of perseverance and perseverance, and also have the ability to judge and identify books. Reading good books can not only increase people's wisdom, talent, spirit and thoughts, but also make people taste the joy of life and feel the pleasure of seeking knowledge, and also make people move towards glory.
Methods and benefits of reading 2 1 Program reading method: that is, reading in a better order. Author → Title → Abstract → Contents → Preface → Conclusion.
2. Hierarchical reading method: that is, from shallow to deep, gradually focus on reading. The content of a book can't be read at once, which requires levels, which can generally be divided into browsing, reading through, intensive reading, evaluating reading and rereading. Of course, this is limited to classic works or scientific books.
3. Comparative reading method: Any literary works are not isolated from each other, and they are related to each other. Through comparative reading, we can know the similarities and differences and see the advantages and disadvantages. Chernyshevski said: "Anything far above other things is great." Xia Houdun, who once wrote Shu Wei, heard people praise the reflection written by Chen Shou, and went to read it carefully. He thought that the reflection was really better than his own Shu Wei, and immediately burned the manuscript. Using the method of comparative reading can broaden our horizons, help to identify, verify and judge the authenticity, advantages and disadvantages of books, and improve our ability to understand, accept and use books. Xie Daowen, a poetess in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has a nickname "Yong Cai", which is an example of comparing merits and demerits.
4. Questioning the reading method: "It is better to believe in books than to have no books." Reading is expensive in doubt, little doubt and little progress, big doubt and great progress. Suspicious books always emerge one after another. Qu Yuan's Untitled and Wang Chong's Lun Heng are the essence of doubt.
5. Sequential reading method: that is, from simple to complex, from shallow to deep reading. The ancients said: "Clever use means one heart", but this method is often used. Zhu said that "step by step, read carefully and think carefully" is the truth.
6. Tracing back to the source reading method: it is necessary to clarify the context of knowledge and thoroughly grasp the process of its emergence and development. "Asking where the canal is so clear is the active loss of living water", used in reading methods, is good at tracing back to the source and finding out the source and flow direction, in order to really finish reading, read thoroughly and read alive.
7. Presumptive reading method: that is, in addition to key or difficult reading, cover the book and think, or follow the author's thinking track to explore. Newton said, "Without bold investigation, there would be no great contribution". Even if there is no new discovery, it can eliminate brain fatigue, cheer up the spirit and improve reading efficiency.
8. Reverse reading method: In the process of reading, I am good at adjusting or changing my thinking direction and pursuing new knowledge from one angle. Reverse reading can open your mind and read knowledge alive. For example, Euclid's geometry holds that a point beyond a straight line can and can only be a straight line parallel to it, but young Lobachevsky thinks in the opposite direction. How can there be more than one parallel? Thus, "non-Euclidean geometry" came into being.
9. Infiltration reading method: that is, when delving into a certain problem, you should read some books and periodicals of related disciplines and think with different viewpoints and methods from different angles and sides, so as to broaden your horizons, activate your thinking and learn from others. So as to improve learning efficiency and make innovations and discoveries.
10. Personalized reading method: it is a reading method that develops strengths and avoids weaknesses and gives full play to advantages. People's personality, background, temperament, foundation, potential and talent are all different. If we can know ourselves correctly, find ourselves, shape ourselves and give full play to our advantages and specialties, we will certainly be able to study efficiently and achieve due success.
In addition, there is a "broken volume" reading method; The method of "people helping the enemy" (intensive reading method proposed by Dongpo; That is, only study one side at a time and finally master the essence of the book); "Whale Swallows Cattle Food" method (combination of speed and accuracy); "structural reading method" (first master the basic concepts, basic theories and methods, and structural system); "Three recitations" reading method (recitation, silent reading, recitation) and so on.
The methods and benefits of reading the third article. Now let's take a look. How to use the purpose of reading to determine your "method" of reading. In most cases, the purpose of reading often determines your reading method.
Basically, there are three types of reading;
1. Quick reference reading-pay attention to specific information and find answers to specific questions.
2. Critical reading-the key point is to identify ideas and concepts that need to be thoroughly analyzed.
3. Appreciation or entertainment reading-reading is purely for entertainment, or because of appreciation of the author's writing style and talent.
If you are a good reader, or want to be a good reader, you must use the correct reading methods to achieve your reading purpose. You have been training yourself, or are training yourself to master a variety of reading skills; You are good at using appropriate reading methods at random to achieve reading purposes; You are not satisfied with reading only one kind of book.
On the contrary, a bad reader often uses the same method to deal with every kind of reading object-whether reading biology or newspapers, it is difficult to read word for word. Such people are unfamiliar with purposeful reading and it is difficult to actually implement it; It is difficult for them to accept this way of reading.
Methods and benefits of reading 4. Read through.
Because of the limited literacy ability of primary school students, it is impossible to know every word in the article, so we must first remove the text barrier. To solve writing obstacles, you can consult teachers, classmates, parents and reference books. We often say that dictionaries are teachers who can't talk. Primary school students have learned Chinese Pinyin and common methods in their lower grades, and they can completely remove the obstacles of writing through dictionaries. Therefore, for students who read independently after class, reference books can not only read through the text, but also understand the meaning of words while finding the pronunciation, paving the way for the next reading of the text. When every new word is conquered by you, you not only understand the article, but also increase your literacy, laying a solid foundation for future extracurricular reading.
This step overcomes the children's practice of cutting corners and being lazy in reading, and the situation of reading sidetracks and missing new words is controlled.
Second, study hard.
An important function of extracurricular reading is to accumulate material for writing. Due to the limited reading ability of primary school students, it is difficult to read the article accurately once. Therefore, after reading the text, you must read the article while the iron is hot, so as not to forget it soon. According to the principle of memory law in psychology, reviewing in time is the best way to overcome forgetting. Moreover, after removing the text barrier, you can read it several times before you can read it skillfully so that you can use it accurately in the future. In this link, students can also be encouraged to extract good words and sentences from the article, and expand the accumulation of their own writing vocabulary for their own writing.
Third, understanding
On the basis of the first two steps, the children have a general impression of the article with their existing sense of language. If you can read further and try to understand every sentence, you can understand the content of the article more deeply, and then understand the idea of the article and really understand the article. As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, you will understand its meaning. By reading a lot, children naturally improve their reading comprehension and form a strong sense of language. In this way, with the increase of their reading volume, reading will become easier, their interest in reading will become higher and higher, and their understanding ability will be greatly improved. On the basis of truly understanding the article, encourage children to write their own experiences. In this way, students not only practice writing, improve their writing ability, but also further expand the accumulation of language and give full play to the role of extracurricular reading.
Fourth, the beauty of reading.
Reading beauty means reading beauty, that is, reading aloud with emotion. When children can really understand the content of the article, they will have their own understanding. At this time, he was required to read the article emotionally, which also completed his own re-creation of the article. We often say that there is 1000 Hamlet for every 1000 readers. This tells us that everyone may have a different understanding of the same article. When you can fully express your feelings in the article, you will really learn this article. At this time, further encourage children to write their own views on the article and boldly evaluate all aspects of the article. At the same time, they can improve their writing ability, strengthen their personality, and gradually form their independent writing ability.
Methods and benefits of reading article 5 skimming, as the name implies, focuses on skimming, but it does not mean that it is swept away and forgotten immediately. Complete the following steps thoroughly:
First, browse
Skimming should also start from the cover, and quickly judge the theme and subject field of the book according to the information such as the title, author and publishing unit. Then you should know the main contents of the book through content summary to decide whether to read further. If you can't judge the reading value of the book after reading the executive summary, you should look at the table of contents and have an overall grasp of the book. Before entering the formal reading, you should also read the preface and postscript to understand the reasons, background and purpose of the author's writing, and understand the main idea of the book more deeply so as to focus on it in the reading process.
Second, scan the text.
1. Read quickly
After reading the preface and postscript, I began to browse the full text. The scanning speed is very fast, with ten lines at a glance. In the last chapter, we mentioned that we should avoid fast reading, which is from the perspective of understanding and firmly grasping the contents of books, because greed for more and faster is often impossible to understand and master. But it doesn't mean that we should all oppose fast reading and only slow reading, but that we should read as fast as possible on the premise of understanding, and skimming especially needs speed to improve the efficiency of reading.
Fast reading is an important way to master information. Experts point out that the efficiency of creative work is directly proportional to the amount of information obtained and processed. If a person obtains information quickly and has a large amount of information, then his work and study efficiency will be high. It is said that Napoleon can read 2000 words per minute and Balzac can finish reading a novel in half an hour. Their fast reading ability is amazing.
Research shows that improving reading speed will not reduce the comprehension rate, and the key is to read according to the correct scanning method. Moreover, after the scanning skills are formed, they can not only be maintained for a long time, but also have a positive transfer effect on different language materials. For example, the faster you read Chinese materials, the faster you read English materials.
When reading, people's eyes jump from time to time, recognize words as soon as they stop, and turn to the following words as soon as they jump. The eyeball pause time is about 1/3 seconds, and each eyeball pause can recognize 1-7 characters. We call the number of words we know when our eyes stop "recognition interval". When reading, the eyes jump forward and the eyeballs move, and each movement is about a few thousandths of a second. People's reading is limited to the stay period of eyeball jumping. According to statistics, the reader's eyes move for 3 minutes and stay for 57 minutes in an hour, that is, the eye movement time accounts for 5% and the eye retention time accounts for about 95%. Therefore, in order to improve reading speed, it is necessary to expand the recognition interval and carry out overall cognition, that is to say, eye stop cognition can not be carried out word by word, but to recognize and understand phrases or phrases and short sentences as a whole.
People's reading methods can be summarized into three types: point reading, line reading and face reading. The angle of reading is very small, and the maximum angle of reading one word at a time is no more than five words. This is the slowest method. When reading, the visual area is a line, and the visual range is a sentence or several sentence groups. Reading like this, you can achieve a goal and a line after training. Reading face to face is the fastest reading method. Face-to-face reading, the viewing area is at least two lines, and the master can read it in sections and page by page. Therefore, reading vision forms a "face", so it is called physiognomy. Scanning reading is also page-by-page reading, so it is essentially face reading. With this reading method, you can read at least 1000 words or even 1500 words per minute, which meets the requirements of skimming.
Many students read linearly, which is very slow. In order to improve the speed, we must strengthen scientific reading training. The main method of training is to increase the recognition distance and learn to read face to face.
The recognition interval of linear reading is small, and readers are only used to reading one word at a time; Face-to-face reading has a large recognition interval, that is, sixteen words are read into six semantic groups, which is naturally much faster than point-to-point reading. In face reading, increase the recognition interval and reduce the number of eye stops (from 16 to 6), thus directly improving the reading speed; Moreover, face-to-face reading divides sentences into several semantic groups, which makes it easier to understand the semantic relationship between words, thus helping to improve the understanding rate and reading efficiency.
Therefore, in order to better meet the needs of skimming, it is necessary to increase the recognition spacing. To do this, the most effective thing is to carry out special training according to the requirements of face-to-face reading and gradually improve your reading speed.
Quick thinking
In the scanning stage, while reading quickly, you should also think quickly and understand the meaning and key points expressed in the text. Don't read fast, but you don't know what you mean. Fast reading must be combined with keen thinking. In order to ensure the quality of fast reading, readers should concentrate on thinking quickly.
3. Reasoning and prediction
A good reading activity is not passive acceptance, but a process of active perception, memory and thinking. With the expansion of reading content, the deepening of meaning and the promotion of plot, readers should not only gradually have a deeper understanding of reading materials, but also infer and predict the nature and development of reading content. Accurate inference of plot development and correct prediction of context can make reading easy and smooth, and can speed up reading.
Third, read the main points carefully
After a quick glance at the full text, readers have basically made clear the key points of the material and have a clearer grasp of the whole. At this time, readers can choose some parts of the text to continue reading carefully according to their own needs or interests. Combine skimming with intensive reading.
Fourth, summarize the full text.
Skimming, though not as strict and meticulous as mental requirements, does not mean that you can do it casually. Short information also needs to digest and absorb the acquired knowledge. If the book is scanned and thrown away, without summarizing or ruminating, some things learned at that time will soon become a thing of the past. After scanning, you must summarize the contents of the book in your own language, sort out the overall thinking and context, and sum up your reading experience in time.